Indlu ejwayelekile iyahamba ( m usca domestica ) iyathukuthelisa abantu, kodwa futhi isebenza njengama-vectors okudlulisela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ngezinye izikhathi ngezindlela ezingabonakali ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo zezimpukane
Indlu iyahamba cishe cishe ubude bekhilomitha-intshi futhi ibonisa imivimbo emine ehlukile emgodleni wayo, ngemuva kwekhanda layo. Kodwa indlu iyaba yinye yezinhlobo eziningi zezimpukane ezifaka amakhaya nezindawo zokulungiselela ukudla.
Lezi zinambuzane ezindizayo ezibizwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi "izimpukane ezihlambalaza," zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili.
Izimpukane ezinkulu zifaka izidumbu ezinamandla, imilenze emifushane nokudla kumquba, izilwane ezifile kanye nokudliwa kokudla. Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane lubandakanya izindiza zezindlu kanye nezimpukane, izimpukane ezizinzile, nezimpukane zenyama.
Izimpukane ezincane zokuzihlamba zinemizimba emincane nemilenze ende; bakhetha ukudla emanzini, ukubola izithelo nemifino kanye nezinye izinto ezilimazayo. Izimpukane zezithelo, ukukhipha izimpukane, kanye nezinambuzane ezikhunjulwa yizimele ezijwayelekile zolu hlobo.
I-Biology ye-Fly
Izimpukane zendlu zingabonakala ngemivimbo emine ehlakaniphile emzimbeni ophezulu noma ophakathi. Indlukazi izimpukane azilumi ngamalungu azo. Esikhundleni salokho, izingxenye zomlomo zisetshenziselwa ukuncelisa uketshezi.
Izimpukane zendlu zikwazi ukudla ukudla okuketshezi. Ukuze udle ukudla okuqinile, i-fly kumele ibuyele emanzini ekudleni futhi ilandele okuphuzwayo usebenzisa i-proboscis. Ngenxa yokuthi indlu iqhuma ukwenza amathe amaningi, idinga amanzi.
Izindiza ezincane lapho indlu ihamba ngezinyawo ziyizindle. Izindwangu zendlu zingaphinde zibeke amaqanda ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihlanganisa imfucuza yendawo, imfucuza yezilwane kanye nodoti. I-fly fly ibeka amaqanda angaba ngu-150 emthonjeni wokudla owohlozayo.
Umjikelezo wokuphila wendlu uvame ukuhlala cishe amasonto amathathu.
Izimpukane zendlu zihlala cishe emavikini angu-2.5 ezimweni ezifudumele, kodwa zingaphila ezinyangeni ezintathu emakhazeni.
Indlela Izimpukane Ezithumela Ngayo Izifo
Izimpukane zizalwa emthonjeni wokudla. Indlu iqhuma, isibonelo, ubeka amaqanda emanzini noma emanzini. Amaqanda aphuza amahlumela, adle ukudla okuzungezile. Ama- maggots ekugcineni aphenduka ama-pupae, ngaphakathi lapho ashintshe ukuguqulwa kwawo kokugcina abe yi-fly wings.
Ngemuva kokuba sebeqedile ngokugcwele, izimpukane ezivuthiwe ziqhubeka nokufuna kwabo ukudla. Imithombo yabo yokudla-ejwayelekile, emanzi futhi ekhulayo yendalo-iqukethe amabhaktheriya , amaningi ayo ayingozi kubantu. Lapho inyoni idla, ibuyisela ingxenye yesisu sayo ekudleni kwayo okusha; isisu esiswini sidla ukudla bese izindiza ziphuza.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpukane zidla udoti, umanyolo, nezinye izinto eziphathekayo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi zihlambalaza isisu esisemhlabeni lapho abantu abangenza khona ukuxhumana njalo, amademoni aphikisana nawo angakwazi ukudlulisela izifo ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezihlukahlukene, okufaka:
- Umkhuhlane we-typhoid
- Isisu
- Ikholera
- I-Anthrax
- Isifo sofuba
- Uchoko
Ngisho noma izindiza zingadli ebusweni abantu abathintana nabo, kungenzeka ukuthi izindiza ziye zashiya ama-droppings aqukethe la mabhaktheriya.
Ukulawula ama-Fly Populations
Ochwepheshe eMnyangweni We-Entomology wePenn State batusa izinqubo ezine ezihambisanayo zokuphatha abantu abahamba ngezinyawo:
- Ukuhlanzeka . Nciphisa umthombo wokudla ohamba ngezinkanuko ngokugcina udoti oboshiwe noma ezinkantini. Qhubeka ubola izinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izinqwaba zomquba, ephethwe kahle. Ukuhlukanisa ukudla okukhethwa yizimpukane kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha ukuze uzigcine usendaweni.
- Ukukhipha . Ukugcina izimpukane ziphuma endlini yakho, funa izindlela abangangena ngazo. Qaphela ngokucophelela izikrini eziphukile, izikhala ezungeze amapayipi nama-conduits, kanye nama-vents. Izivunguvungu zemifantu, isibonelo, ungafaki ngaso sonke isikhathi isikrini esinama-tight okwanele ukugcina izinambuzane ezindizayo eziphuma e-attic noma isikhala.
- Izicupho ezingezona amakhemikhali . Amadivaysi afana nezicupho ezinamathele, izicupho ezikhanyayo ze-ultraviolet, kanye nezicupho ezindizayo ezindizayo zizobamba izimpukane ukuze zingasakazeki.
- Izicupho zamakhemikhali . Ama-pesticides aqukethe i-pyrethroid yokwenziwa, esetshenziswa ngumchwepheshe wezinambuzane ezilawulwa yizinambuzane, azohlala izinsuku eziningana noma ngesonto noma amabili uma efakwe ngaphandle kwendlu yakho. Ama-pyrethroids azwela ukukhanya kwelanga futhi azophumula ngokushesha. Ngaphakathi kwendlu, ungasebenzisa i-aerosol defogger ukuze uyithole. Thatha izinyathelo eziqaphile zokugwema ubuthi noma izilwane ezifuywayo ngokugcina i-pesticides kude nemithombo yamanzi nokudla.
> Imithombo:
> I-Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences. Izimpukane Zezindlu. http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/house-flies
> UMnyango wezeMpilo kahulumeni wase-Illinois. Izimpukane zeNdlu yeFly Fly kanye nezinye. http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/pcfilthflies.htm