Izingane ezine-Autism zingase zilahleke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa
Isenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa sibonakaliso sokuthuthukiswa kwengane okujwayelekile. Izingane zifinyelela eziningana zezigigaba zentuthuko phakathi kokuzalwa nokudala. Izinyathelo zokuqala zihlanganisa ukumomotheka komphakathi, ukuqhubekela phambili, nokuhlala phezulu. Kamuva izinyathelo ezibalulekile zihilela ukutholakala kolwazi, amakhono omphakathi, ngokomzimba, nangokomzwelo, namakhono okuqonda.
Izingane ezine-autism zithatha ukungatholi zonke izinyathelo zabo zokuthuthuka ngezikhathi ezifanele.
Kodwa lawo mazwi aphezulu kakhulu ngokweqiniso ngoba:
- Izingane eziningi ze-autistic zifinyelela ezinkathini zokuqala zentuthuko ngesikhathi noma ekuqaleni, kodwa zilahlekelwe phansi.
- Izingane eziningi ze-autistic zifinyelela eminye yemigomo yazo yokuthuthuka ngesikhathi noma ekuqaleni, kodwa zifinyelele abanye ngasekupheleni noma cha.
- Ezinye izingane ze-autistic zifinyelela eminye yemigomo yazo yokuthuthuka ngokushesha kodwa zifinyelele abanye ekupheleni kwesikhathi esingavamile.
- Izingane ezine-autism zingabonakala zithola amakhono abalulekile-kodwa empeleni azikwazi ukusebenzisa lawo makghono ezimweni zangempela zomhlaba.
- Izingane eziningi ezine-autism zithiwa ngamakhono "okuphambana", okungaphumelela kakhulu kodwa okungawusizo empilweni yansuku zonke.
- Izingane ezigunyazayo, ikakhulukazi amantombazane asebenza kahle, ngezinye izikhathi akwazi ukufihla noma ukunqoba ukulibaziseka okuthuthukayo.
Njengoba kunamaphuzu amancane kangaka, akumangazi ukuthi bobabili abazali nabahlengikazi bangathola kunzima ukubona i-autism, ikakhulukazi ezincane kakhulu noma eziphezulu kakhulu zokusebenza ezisebenzayo.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona amamaki ambalwa okuthuthukiswa okungenzeka futhi avele kakhulu uma ingane i-autistic.
Yiziphi Izinyathelo Ezithuthukayo?
I-CDC ihlukanisa izinyathelo zokuthuthuka emaqenjini: ukunyakaza / ngokomzimba, ukuqonda, ulimi / ukuxhumana, ezomphakathi / ngokomzwelo. Bahlunga amazinga athile okuphumelela kuminyaka ngayinye, kusukela enyangeni engu-1 futhi ehamba ngokukhula.
Ngenkathi beveza ukuthi abantwana bangase bangafinyeleli noma yikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu eminyakeni echazwe kahle, baphakamisa nokuthi abazali bahlale behlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yabo ikhona noma ivaliwe.
Iningi lezingane ezine-autism zitholakale zisencane kakhulu-ngokuvamile zineminyaka engu-3. Nansi uhlu olwenziwe lula lwezingane ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala kusukela ku-CDC:
Ezomphakathi kanye Nomzwelo
- Ikopisha abadala nabangani
- Ibonisa uthando lwabangani ngaphandle kokususa
Ivula imidlalo
Ibonisa ukukhathazeka ngomngane okhalayo
Uqondisisa umqondo wokuthi "umgodi" nokuthi "wakhe" noma "u-hers"
- Ibonisa ububanzi bezimzwelo
- Uhlukanisa kalula kumama nobaba
- Ungathukuthela ngezinguquko ezinkulu esimisweni
- Izingubo zokugqoka futhi ziphazamise uqobo
Ulimi / Ukuxhumana
Ulandela imiyalo ngezinyathelo ezimbili noma ezintathu
Ungabiza izinto ezijwayele kakhulu
Uqonda amagama afana nokuthi "ku," "ku," futhi "ngaphansi"
- Igama lokuqala, iminyaka, nobulili
Igama lomngane
Amagama afana nokuthi "Mina," "mina," "thina," kanye "nawe" nezinye eziningi (izimoto, izinja, amakati)
Ikhuluma kahle ngokwanele ukuze abantu abangabazi baqonde isikhathi esiningi
Uqhuba ingxoxo usebenzisa imisho emibili kuya kwemi-3
Ukuqonda (ukufunda, ukucabanga, ukuxazulula izinkinga)
- Ungasebenzisa amathoyizi ngezinkinobho, ama-levers, nezinsimbi ezihambayo
- Idlalwa ukukholelwa ngamadonki, izilwane nabantu
- Uqeda amapuzzli ngezingcezu ezingu-3 noma ezine
Uqonda ukuthi yiziphi "ezimbili" okushoyo
- Ikopisha umbuthano ngepensela noma ikrayoni
- Iguqula amakhasi encwadi ngesinye isikhathi
- Yakha imibhoshongo engaphezulu kwezingu-6
- Izikrini futhi zingagcini izitsha zamabhodlela noma ziphendulela isibambo somnyango
Ukuhamba / Ukuthuthukiswa Komzimba
- Ikhuphuka kahle
Igijima kalula
- Ukuhamba nge-tricycle (ibhayisikili elingu-3)
- Ihamba ngezinyathelo eziphezulu nezansi, unyawo olulodwa kwisinyathelo ngasinye
Uma Izinyathelo Eziphuthumayo Eziphuthumayo zingase ziphakamise i-Autism
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abantwana bephuthelwa izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa. Ezimweni eziningi, asikho isizathu esithile sokukhathazeka. Kungenxa yokuthi:
- Izingane zihlukile komunye nomunye futhi, ngokwemvelo, zikhula ngamazinga ahlukene.
- Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingase ziphuthelwe izinyathelo kodwa zivame ukubamba.
- Abafana bavame ukukhula kancane kunokuthuthukisa amantombazane, kodwa cishe njalo bayabamba.
- Izingane eziningi zigxile ezintweni ezithile ezingase ziphuthelwe abanye. Isibonelo, ingane enhle kakhulu ngokomzimba ingase ifinyelele emigqumeni ebonakalayo ebonakalayo futhi kamuva ibambelele emigomeni yezenhlalakahle.
- Izinselelo zezokwelapha zakudala zinganciphisa intuthuko-kodwa izingane eziningi zikwazi ukubhekana nezingane zabo ezifanayo.
- Izinselele ezithile ezilungiswayo, njengengqinamba ngokuzwa, zinganciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko kodwa zingabi nethonya elincane ekuthuthukiseni isikhathi eside.
Ngakho abazali kufanele bakhathazeke nini nge-autism? I-CDC inikeza uhlu olufushane lwezindaba okufanele ziphakamise amafulegi abomvu .
- Ayikwazi ukusebenza amathoyizi alula (njengamapulangwe we-peg, i-puzzle elula, i-handle handle)
- Awukhulumi emisho
- Awuqondi imiyalo elula
- Ayidlala ukuzenzisa noma ukukholelwa
- Akafuni ukudlala nezinye izingane noma ngamathoyizi
- Ayiboni ukuxhumana kwamehlo
- Ubeka amakhono ayewake waba nawo
Nakuba lezi zinkinga zingaba izimpawu ze-autism, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi azikho. I-Autism cishe uma izingane zingaphezu kweyodwa yalezi zinkinga noma zinezinye izinkinga ezihlobene emiphakathini yomphakathi / yomzwelo noma yokuxhumana.
Kungani Ukuqapha Ukuthuthukiswa Okubalulekile Kwe-Autism Kungadukisa
Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezine-autism zilahlekelwa izinyathelo eziningi futhi zibe nokuphuza okucacile nokucacile kokuthuthukiswa. Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezinkulu ezingabanjwanga zingagxila noma zingabonakali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingane ezine-autism azigcini nje ukubambezeleka; bafunda futhi baziphathe ngendlela ehlukile kubangane babo abavamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-autism ayibonakali ngokusobala kusukela ekuzalweni. Izingane eziningi ezine-autism zikhula ngendlela evamile isikhathi esithile bese zihamba kancane, zithuthukise idiosyncratically, noma empeleni zivuselele. Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, kungaba nzima ukubona i-autism nje ngokubuka izinto ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa.
Lapha isibonelo sokuthi i-autism ingenza kanjani kube nzima ukuqapha izimpawu ezinembile kumuntu oneminyaka engu-3 ubudala.
UJohnny uneminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Wazalwa ngesikhathi esiphelele futhi wahlangana nazo zonke izinyathelo zakhe ezineminyaka engu-2. Unolwazi lwamagama amaningi, amanye awo angamazwi esayense angaphezu kwezinga lesithathu elineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Ukwazi futhi ukusho imisho eminingi yamagama njengokuthi "Ngifuna ijusi," noma "ikhukhi iqala ngo-C." UJohnny naye angabalelwa ku-20. Ngokusekelwe kule ncazelo, kubonakala sengathi uJohnny wenza kahle, futhi uhlangabezane nokudlulela iningi lazo zokuxhumana nezindlela zokuzicabangela.
Kodwa uJohnny kokubili okhanyayo ne-autistic. Ngenxa yalokho, uye wabamba ngekhanda imisho eminingi yamagama kusukela ku-TV. Uma ulalela ngokucophelela, uzobona ukuthi akaphenduli izimo zangempela okwamanje. Esikhundleni salokho, "ubuyisela kabusha" izinkulumo ezivela eSesame Street, ngendlela efanayo nesitayela njengabalingiswa abasembukisweni. Angakwazi ukubala ku-20, kodwa kuphela uma enza kanjalo ngezwi elifanayo njenge "Bala" kusukela kusibonisi se-TV.
Uma kuvivinywa, kuyacaca ukuthi uJohnny akakwazi ukuhlehlisa kabusha amagama esilulumagama ukwakha imisho yombhalo. Angakwazi ukukhuluma kuphela ngama-dinosaurs lapho ehlaziya imibhalo evela kumadokhumenti. Futhi ngenkathi ekwazi ukuphindaphinda izinombolo zakhe, akakwazi ukubala izinto.
Kungathatha isikhathi eside abazali bakaJohn ukuthi baqaphele ukuthi amakhono olimi lukaJohnny awalangazelelwanga kahle-kodwa yi-idiosyncratic. Othisha bangase bacabange ukuthi unengqondo kakhulu-futhi, yiqiniso, uyisimangaliso ngezindlela ezithile. Ngaphambi kokuba babone noma yiziphi izinkinga ezibalulekile, abantu abadala kuJohnny bangadinga ukubona ezinye izinselelo ziphakama, njengokunzima ngamakhono okudlala, ukuxhumana kwamehlo, noma ukuxhumana nabantu.
Ukuthi Ukulahla Kwemvelo Kungagubha noma Kufihliwe
Ezinye izingane ezine-autism zinokulibaziseka okunzima kokuziqonda, izinselelo zokuziphatha, noma "izinhlanzi" zomzimba (ukugwedla noma ukuphawula) okwenza kube sobala ukuthi kukhona okungalungile. Kodwa izingane eziningi ze-autistic zinokulibaziseka okuncane noma okuncane, izinselelo, noma izinkomba. Uma kunjalo, ukulibaziseka kwentuthuko kungase kube nzima ukubona.
Nazi amaqembu amancane wezingane eziphuthumayo zokukhula okungeke zibonakale kuze kudingeke ukwanda kwezenhlalakahle, ngokomzwelo, noma ekukhulumisaneni (ngokuvamile emva kwamabanga 1 noma 2):
- Amantombazane : I- Autism ngokuvamile ibangela izingane ukuba zithule, zihoxiswe emphakathini, futhi zingenakukwazi ukuphakamisa izandla noma zikhulume. Bangase babonakale "baphupha" noma bangaboni. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zihambisana namasiko amantombazane ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, amantombazane amancane ase-autistic angayitholi izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa angase ahlasele ngaphansi kwe-radar. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "namahloni futhi ethule," futhi, mhlawumbe, hhayi ukukhanya okukhulu. Kungathatha isikhathi esithile kubazali nothisha ukuqaphela ezinye izimpawu.
- Izingane ezinokuhlakanipha okuthakazelisayo noma amakhono okuhlukana . Abantwana abambalwa abane-autism baqhakazile kakhulu noma banamakhono amangazayo angaphezu kweminyaka yabo. Isibonelo, ezinye izingane ezine-autism zingakwazi ukuxazulula puzzle eziyinkimbinkimbi, zifunde zisencane kakhulu, noma zibonise izibalo ezihlaba umxhwele, umculo, noma amakhono wekhompyutha. Kungenzeka nokuthi baye baphuthumisa amagama asezindaweni zabo zentshisekelo ekhethekile. Uma kunjalo, abazali nabafundisi bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi umntwana ofana naye ongakwazi ukuxazulula ubunzima bokulinganisa izibalo akakwazi ukudlala ngeso lengqondo noma ukubamba ibhola.
- Izingane ezinezihlobo zakini ezinesihawu noma ontanga. Kweminye imikhaya namakilasi, izingane zakini ezinomusa noma ontanga zingabamba imoto nge-autism enye yengane. Lezi zingane ezimangalisayo zizithathela zona ukuze zifunde ukuqonda ithanga labo elizimele futhi zikhulume ngabo. Nakuba ngokungangabazeki lokhu kungomusa nokukhathalela, kuyindlela yokuvumela ukuthi lokho kungenze kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi ingane ye-autistic ingayenzani yona ngempela.
- Izingane zabazali abanezici ze-autistic. Akuyona into engavamile ukuba izingane ezine-autism zibe nabazali abangaxilongwa nge-autism esebenzayo noma abaphethe okuthiwa "isithunzi" izici ze-autism. Uma kunjalo, abazali bangase babone izingane zabo njengezikhula ngokujwayelekile-noma "njengezikhukhula ezisebhange elidala." Kungaba nzima kakhudlwana kulabazali ukubona ingane yabo ibhalwe nge-autistic, njengoba leli bhalo lingasebenza kubo kalula.
Okushiwo Abazali
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ibambezelekile yentuthuko futhi ingaba yi-autistic, thatha isenzo . Buza udokotela wakho wezingane ukuthi ahlolisise ingane yakho ngokulibaziseka , ngokugcizelela okukhethekile emphakathini, ekukhulumisaneni nasemakhono angokomzwelo.
Uma intuition yakho ingalungile, awulahlekelwe lutho kodwa ihora lesikhathi nomthwalo wokukhathazeka. Uma ingane yakho yenza, empeleni, ukulibaziseka kwentuthuko uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ungalindela ukuthola ngokushesha izinsiza nezinhlelo ezingamsiza ukuba anqobe noma yiziphi izinselele.
Ngezansi, awunakho okulahlekile futhi konke okuzuzayo ngokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha!
> Imithombo:
> Harrison, uPham. Izigaba Zokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Autism Ezinganeni. Imibuzo yeziMpilo zeMedscape. I-CME. Kukhishwe: 11/14/2012.
> Semrud-Clikeman M, et al. Ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwabantwana abanezingane ezine-autism spectrum disorder, i-nonverbal learning disorder futhi ngokuvamile ekhulisa izingane ezinyathelo zokusebenza okuphezulu. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Feb; 44 (2): 331-42.
> CDC. Amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa.