Ukudlala kuyinselele kubantwana abane-autism
Uma ingane yakho ye-autistic inenkinga enzima ukudlala imidlalo, ukuziqhenya, noma ukuxhumana nezinye izingane aziyedwa. Bambalwa abantwana be-autistic badlala "njengabanye izingane," futhi abaningi bahlanganyela emisebenzini engabheki njengokudlala okuvamile. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kubazali njengoba bezama ukuthola izinsuku zokudlala kanye nemisebenzi yezingane zabo. Kungaba nzima nakancane ukuthola ukuthi ungadlala kanjani nengane yakho .
Indlela i-Autistic Play ihluke ngayo ku-Typical Play
Izingane ezine-autism zidlala ngokuhlukile kwezinye izingane. Ngisho nasesemncane kakhulu, izingane ze-autistic zinamathuba amaningi kunabo ontanga abajwayele ukuhlela izinto, ukudlala ngokwabo, nokuphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe izenzo ezifanayo. Bangekho amathuba okuba bahlanganyele emidlalweni edinga "yenza ukukholwa," ukubambisana, noma ukuxhumana nabantu.
Yiqiniso, izingane eziningi ngaphandle kwe-autism zihlanganisa izinto, zidlale yedwa, noma zikhethe imidlalo yebhodi noma imidlalo ngaphandle kokuzikhohlisa. Kodwa izingane ezivamile EZIPHILA izintshisekelo zabo ukuze zifunde amakhono amageyimu amasha, zibambisane nabanye, futhi zibuze imibuzo uma zididekile. Uma ingane yakho ibonakala ingazi ezinye izingane noma ibonakala ingakwazi ukufunda amakhono amageyimu amasha ngokubheka, ukubandakanyeka komphakathi, noma ukukhulumisana ngamazwi, ungase ubheke ifulegi elibomvu le-autism.
Nazi ezinye umehluko ozozibuka:
- Okuthandayo ukudlala yedwa cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi
- Ukungakwazi noma ukungathandi ukuqonda imithetho eyisisekelo yokudlala okwabelwana ngayo (ukuthatha ukuthatha, ukudlala indima, ukulandela imithetho yemidlalo noma yemidlalo yebhodi)
- Ukuhlanganyela ezintweni ezibonakala zingenasici futhi eziphindaphindiwe (ukuvulwa / ukuvala iminyango, ukufaka izinto, ukuhlanza indlu yangasese, njll)
- Ukungakwazi noma ukungathandi ukuphendula ngokubambisana kwabangane abadala noma ontanga
- Ukungaqapheli okubonakalayo ekuziphatheni kwamanye abantwana noma ngamazwi (ukuhamba phakathi kweqembu ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi bahlanganyela ekudlaleni, ukugibela kwisilayidi ngaphandle kokuqaphela kukhona umugqa, njll)
- Kubonakala sengathi akakwazi ukuqonda okuyisisekelo sokudlala okungokomfanekiso (sengathi uzomunye umuntu noma uzenze sengathi ithoyizi inezici zobuntu, njll)
I-Autistic Play ibukeka kanjani
I-Autistic "play" ye-Autistic ingase ibukeke ihluke kakhulu kumdlalo ojwayelekile. Eqinisweni, kungase kungabonakali njengokudlala nhlobo. Nakuba kujwayelekile ukuthi izinsana zihlanganyele ukudlala ngasese ngezikhathi ezithile, iningi labaphothulile ngokushesha lidlala "ngokufana" lapho ingane engaphezu kweyodwa ihlanganyela khona emsebenzini owodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo (izingane ezimbili zibala ngombala ofanayo, Ngokwesibonelo). Ngesikhathi bebabili noma abathathu, izingane eziningi zidlala ndawonye, zihlanganyela umsebenzi noma zixhumana ukuze zifeze umgomo.
Lokhu akuyona into yezingane ezincane ze-autistic, okuvame ukuba "ziboshwe" ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zodwa ukudlala. Nazi ezinye izimo ezingase zizwakale zijwayele kubazali abanezingane ezincane noma izingane ezincane kwi-spectrum:
- Ingane imile egcekeni bese iphonsa amaqabunga, isihlabathi noma ukungcola emoyeni kaningi.
- Ingane igcwalisa i-puzzle efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngendlela efanayo.
- Ingane ibeka izinto eziphethini ezifanayo futhi zibagwede noma zicasule uma othile ebabetha phansi.
- Ingane ibheke amathoyizi ngendlela efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Njengoba izingane ezine-autism zikhula, amakhono abo athuthuka. Labo bantwana abanekhono lokufunda imithetho yokudlala umdlalo bavame ukwenza kanjalo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, noma kunjalo, ukuziphatha kwabo kusehlukile nakwezinye zezingane. Isibonelo, banga:
- Yibani-ke ukulawula ukuthi abakwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko ezidingekile kwinombolo yabadlali, ubukhulu bokudlala kwenkambu, njll.
- Thola ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwabelana ngemidlalo nezinye izingane (imidlalo yevidiyo ingaba ukucindezeleka okuzimele)
- Yigxile ngokweqile kwisici sezingxenye zomdlalo (ukuqoqa izibalo zebhola ngaphandle kokulandela noma ukudlala umdlalo webhola)
Kungani I-Play So Tough yezingane ene-Autism?
Kungani izingane ezine-autism zidlala ngokuhlukile? Abaningi babhekene nezinselelo ezinzima:
- Ukungabi namakhono okulingisa. Izingane ezikhula ngokujwayelekile zibuka ukuthi abanye badlala kanjani ngamathoyizi futhi balingise. Isibonelo, ingane evamile-ethuthukayo ingase ikhethe ukuhlanganisa ibimbela omunye komunye ngesikhathi sokuqala abadlala nabo. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ingane evame ukukhula ibona abanye bakha ngamabhuloki, uzoyilingisa lokho kuziphatha. Ingane ene-autism kungenzeka ingaqapheli ukuthi abanye bayadlala ngamabhuloki nhlobo futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba babone ukuziphatha kwabanye bese beqala ukulingisa lokho kuziphatha.
- Ukungabi namakhono okudlala okungokomfanekiso. Ukudlala okuyisimane kungenye igama lokudlala, futhi lapho uneminyaka emithathu, izingane eziningi ziye zahlakulela amathuluzi afanelekayo wokudlala ngokulinganayo kokubili kanye nabanye. Bangase basebenzise amathoyizi ngendlela ehlelwe ngayo-badlala "indlu" ngekhishi lokuziqhenya futhi badla ukudla kwepulasitiki. Noma bangase bazakhele ukudlala ukuziqhenya, bajike ibhokisi enqabeni noma isilwane esithende sibe ngumlingani okhuluma naye. Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukuthuthukisa amakhono okudlala angokomfanekiso ngaphandle kosizo. Bangase bajabulele ukubeka izinjini kwithrekhi, kodwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba benze izigcawu, benze imiphumela yomsindo, noma bazenzele izitimela zabo zokudlala.
- Ukungabi namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Ukuze uphumelele ekuziqapheleni nokulingisa, ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa izingane zifuna ukuzibandakanya nokuxhumana, futhi ngokushesha zifunde 'ukufunda' izinhloso zabanye abantu. Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukuba zizimele, futhi azifisi ukuxhumana noma ukuzibandakanya nabalingani bezemidlalo.
- Ukungabi namakhono okubambisana ngokuhlanganyela . Amakhono okubambisana amakhono esiwasebenzisayo lapho sihambela okuthile komunye umuntu. Sisebenzisa amakhono okubambisana ngokuhlanganyela ndawonye umdlalo, ubuke iphazili ndawonye, noma ucabange futhi usebenze ngeqembu noma iqembu. Abantu abane-autism bavame ukukhubazeka ngamakhono okubambisana.
Ukufundisa Amakhono Amageyimu
Uma ukungabi namakhono okudlala kungumphumela we-autism, kungenzeka yini ukufundisa ingane nge-autism ukudlala? Impendulo, ezimweni eziningi, iYebo enomdlandla. Eqinisweni, izindlela eziningi zokwelashwa zigxila ikakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekulungiseni amakhono okudlala, futhi abazali (kanye nabantakwethu) bangabamba iqhaza ekwenziweni. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Methodtime Method
- UkuPhuthukiswa kokuThuthukiswa koBudlelwano (RDI)
- I-Play Project
- I-Naturalistic Applied Behavioral Therapy
Imithombo:
LC Murdock. "Ngibonise Ukudlala: Ukwandisa Ukuzenzisa Ukudlala Izingane Ze-Autism Spectrum Disorders." J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Sep 25.
LC Murdock. "Ukufundisa amakhono okulingisa okuzenzakalelayo kubantwana abancane abane-autism besebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha yokuphila ngokwemvelo: imiphumela ngolimi, ukuzenza sengathi uyazibandakanya nokubambisana." J Autism Dev Disord. 2006 Meyi; 36 (4): 487-505.
MM Manning. "Indima yezinga eliphakeme lokudlala njengendlela yokusebenza komphakathi ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-autism." J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Meyi; 40 (5): 523-33.