Indlela Ukuziphatha Okungahle Kuhlobanise Ngayo I-Autism Diagnosis
Uma ubuke izibonakaliso ze- autism , mhlawumbe uke wabona ukubhekisela "kokuntuleka kokuxhumana kwamehlo." Nakuba lokhu kubonakala kuchazwe kahle, kuningi kakhulu ekuziphatheni okungaphezu kwalokho umuntu angalindela.
Yeka ukuthi i-Autism iyatholakala kanjani
"Ukungaboni ngaso linye" kungenye yezinqubo eziningi ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukuxilonga i-autism. Akufanele siphakamise ukuthi umuntu ongakwazi ukubheka abanye iso kuyi-autistic; kungenzeka abe namahloni.
Esikhundleni salokho, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukwakha ubufakazi obufakazela ukuthi i-autism ingaqinisekiswa yini. Njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokucabangela ukwenza lokhu, odokotela kumele bathembele emvelweni wezinhlamvu zokuziphatha ezizoxilongwa. Uhlu lungabe luqhathaniswa nemigomo echazwe ku- Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) enyatheliswa yi-American Psychiatric Association.
Ngokusekelwe ebufakazini, udokotela angaqinisekisa noma akhiphe i-autism njengesizathu noma, noma kunjalo, ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa akuyona into ecacile.
Ukuxhumana Kwamehlo Njengesilinganiso Sika Autism
Ngokusho kwe-DSM-5, i-autism ibonakala "ngokuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezimo eziningi ezingenasibindi ezifana nokubuka amehlo, ubuso, ukuma komzimba, nokuthinta ukulawula ukuxhumana komphakathi."
Lokho kusho ukuthi ingane ayikwazi ukukhulumisana imizwa noma imicabango ngendlela abanye abantwana abenza ngayo, kuhlanganise nekhono lokuxhumana nomuntu.
Akusho ukuthi umntwana akafuni ukubheka; kumane nje ukuthi akakwazi ukuqonda umongo wokuxhumana kwamehlo ekukhulumisaneni.
Njengalokhu, ingane ekhuluma futhi isebenzisa ulimi lomzimba kodwa enqaba ukuxhumana naye amehlo ayinakwenzeka ukuba yi-autistic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingane engenakho ukuxhumana kwamehlo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokukhulumisana ngomlomo nangokwenyama (njengokukhuluma noma ukukhomba izinto), kungaba nezimpawu ze-autism.
Eminye Imigomo Yokuthola
I-DSM-5 ichaza i-autism njengokuntuleka okuqhubekayo kokukhulumisana kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezimo eziningi njengoba kubonakala ngokuziphatha okulandelayo :
- Ukuntuleka kokungenwa komphakathi-ngokomzwelo (ukushintshanisana kokubili kokufaka kanye nezimpendulo)
- Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana okungabonakali (kubandakanya ukuboniswa kombuso)
- Ukungakwazi ukuthuthukisa, ukugcina, noma ukuqonda ubudlelwane, ngokuvamile kubonakala sengathi abanye abanandaba noma abanandaba
Ngokusobala, ukungaboni kahle kweso kungadlala indima kuzo zonke lezi zici.
Indlela Yokutshela Uma Kunenkinga
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukungabi nokuxhumana kwamehlo akufanele kudingeke kubhekwe njengento ephawulekayo ye-autism. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu ezinganeni ezingase zingaboni ubuso kodwa ngokuvamile zizophenduka amakhanda abo ngokuya kobuso bomuntu.
Kodwa-ke, ungase ufune ukuphenya nge-autism uma ingane yakho ingaphansi kwezingu-3, ingenaso ukuxhumana kwamehlo, futhi ibonisa noma yiziphi ezinye izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhluleka ukuphendula egameni lakhe naphezu kokuzwa okuvamile
- Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kokubambisana kwezenhlalakahle
- I-autism evame ukuziphatha njengemisebenzi ephindaphindiwe, engeyona imisebenzi , ukungabi nalutho ukudlala okucabangelayo, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamathoyizi asetshenziselwa ukuzisebenzisa
Ungabe usuqunta ukuthi ungathintana nodokotela wezingane othuthukile noma isazi sezengqondo ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa ngokusekelwe ku-Autism Psychodynamic Assessment of Changes (APEC).
Kwenzekani Okulandelayo
Uma ingane yakho ithola ukuthi une-autism, ukwelashwa kungase kuqale ukuthuthukisa noma ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe okuxhumana jikelele.
Ngenkathi ezinye zokugxila zizofakwa ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana kwamehlo, ngokuvamile akuyona isisombululo sokuqala nokuphela. Kwabanye, ukuxhumana ngeso lengqondo kungabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kanye / noma ukucindezeleka , kuyilapho abanye bezophendula ngokubheka omunye umuntu isikhathi eside.
Ukubeka imigomo engokoqobo, nokwandisa njalo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa okufanele kakhulu kunesidingo sayo.
> Imithombo:
> Haag, G .; I-Botbol, M .; Graignic, R. et al. "Isilinganiso se-Autism Psychodynamic Assessment of Changes (APEC): Ukutadisha nokwethembeka kokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo okwakusanda kuthuthukiswa kwentsha enezimo eziphuthumayo zokuthuthukiswa". J Physiol Paris . 2010; 104 (6): 323-36. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.jphysparis.2010.10.002.
> Senju, A. noJohnson, M. "Ukuthintana kwamehlo e-autism: amamodeli, izindlela, nokuthuthukiswa." Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009; 33 (8): 1204-14. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.neubiorev.2009.06.001.