Lapho Ama-Supplements Asizo Futhi Uma Amazi
Ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni enhlalakahle nenhlalakahle yomuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza njengalowo omunye umuntu. Kodwa izikhathi eziningi, ukudla okudinga kudinga ukulungiswa njengoba umzimba uphendula imithi ehlukene noma isifo ngokwayo.
Amavithamini namaminerali ngokuvamile angaqedwa ngesikhathi sezinkinga ezinzima noma ezinde isikhathi sohudo , isimo esingabangela izifo ezithile noma imishanguzo.
Izinguquko emafutheni omzimba, futhi ezihlobene nokwelapha noma ukutheleleka nge-HIV, zingadinga ushintsho oluphawulekayo ekudleni komuntu.
Nokho, ngokuphathelene nalokhu, umthelela wokungondleki kubantu abane-HIV. Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin A ne-B12, isibonelo, kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokukhula ngokushesha kwezifo kokubili izilungiselelo ezibonakalayo ezicebile nezinsiza. Amazinga e-serum ephansi ama-micronutrients, ngokuvamile abonakala kubantu abangondlekile, adinga ukuthi i-vitamin ayinayo kakhulu-ngokuvamile ihambisana nendlela yokudla okunomsoco.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, izithako zokudla okunomsoco zinendawo yazo ekwelapheni kokungondleki noma ukutholakala kokuntuleka kokutholakala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubangelwa isimo esihlobene ne-HIV noma ukudla okunomsoco ngokwabo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezisekupheleni kwesikhathi lapho ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nokuchitha isandulela ngculazi kubonakala njalo.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngomunye umuntu? Ingabe abantu abanesandulela ngculaza badinga izithako zokudla okunomsoco? Ingabe le mikhiqizo ihambisana nokwelashwa ngendlela eyanciphisa isifo sokutheleleka, iphuza ukuqhuma kwesifo, noma ibuyisela kabusha imisebenzi yomzimba yomuntu omqoka?
Noma ingabe sithembele nje ukuthi bazokwenza?
I-Supplements Industry
Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cishe isigamu sabo bonke abaseMelika badla izithako zokudla, kuhlanganise namavithamini, amaminerali, kanye nemifino. Lolu hlu lwemikhiqizo elandelwayo lulawulwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), okuchaza izithako zokudla ngokumane nje ngokuthi imikhiqizo "ehlose ukwengeza umsoco wokudla (ekungezeni) ukudla."
Ngokuhambisana nale ncazelo, ama-multivitamine nezinye izithako zokudla okunomsoco zilawulwa njengesigaba sokudla, kunokuba kube umkhiqizo wezokwelapha. Akufanele baphumelele ngokuphepha okunamandla, kokuphepha kwemakethe nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kahle futhi i-FDA ayinalo igunya lokudinga ukuhlolwa okunjalo.
Esikhundleni salokho, i-FDA ixhomeke ngokuyinhloko ekukhonjisweni kwemakethe okuqapha ukubhekwa komthengi futhi ifuna abakhiqizi ukuba balondoloze uhlu lwezenzakalo ezimbi. Kodwa-ke, le mibiko emibi yomcimbi (i-AERs) ithunyelwa kuphela ezimweni ezingathí sina emiphumeleni eyingozi yokuphila. Imicimbi elula yokulinganisela, efana nokukhanda ikhanda noma ukucindezeleka kwamathumbu, ayibikwa ngaphandle uma umenzi ukhetha ngokuzithandela ukwenza kanjalo.
Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu embonini yezokwelapha, echitha isilinganiso samaRandi ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi zamaRandi ngezidakamizwa ezingxenyeni zokucwaninga nezentuthuko ukuze uthole imvume ye-FDA. Ngo-2011, ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa zokudla kwathatha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-30 e-US, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ubukhulu bemakethe yezidakamizwa ze-HIV.
Ungakwazi Ukondla "Ukukhuthaza" Ukungavikeleki Emzimbeni?
Ukudla okunomsoco ngendlela yokudla okunomsoco kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umzimba usebenza kahle ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezidambisigciwane .
Indima yamavithamini nezinye izithako zokudla okunomsoco, ngokuphambene nalokho, ihlala ingenakwenzeka.
Ukudideka kugcwele indawo emakethe yabathengi, okuvame ukuxhaswa yizimboni mayelana nemikhiqizo exhaswe ngokucophelela ngucwaningo. Futhi ngenkathi i-FDA izama ukulawula lezi zimangalo, ukuhlolwa kuka-2012 nguMnyango wezeMpilo noHulumeni lwaMuntu kubike ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-20 e-supplement abuyekezwa enza izicelo ezingavunyelwe ngokuphelele, izikhathi eziningi ezungeze inkinga yokuxhaswa nge-immune. kangangokuthi lezi zimangalo zizenzeke ngokungekho emthethweni. Kuvele nje ukuthi ubufakazi obubhekiswe kuso ngokuvamile bungaqondakali noma bengahleleki kahle.
Iningi labakhiqizi, isibonelo, njalo likhomba isifundo se-2004 yiHarvard School of Public Health, esibheke umphumela we-multivitamines ekukhuleni kwesifo kwabesifazane abangu-1,097 abakhulelwe eTanzania. Ekupheleni kwalolu cwaningo, amaphesenti angu-31 abesithathe ama-supplement ayefa noma athola isifo esichaza i- AIDS namaphesenti angu-25 eqenjini le-placebo. Ngokusekelwe kulobu bufakazi, abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwe-multivitamin (ikakhulukazi uB, C, no-E) akubambezeli nje ukuqhubekela phambili kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kodwa "kwindlela ephumelelayo, ephansi yokubambezela ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral HIV- abesifazane abathintekayo. "
Lapho kushicilelwa ucwaningo, abakhiqizi abaningi babhekisela kulolu cwaningo "njengobufakazi besayensi" bezindawo zabo zokukhuseliswa komzimba. Yilokho okwenqaba kakhulu ukukwenza, noma kunjalo, kuhlolisisa ukutadisha, ukungazinaki izici eziningi ezihlangene emiphumeleni-okungenani okungenani amazinga aphezulu ompofu, indlala, nokungondleki okukhona phakathi kwabantu abampofu base-Afrika.
Ekugcineni, akukho okunye kulolu cwaningo okuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ama-multivitamine, angenawo, angabonisa izinzuzo ezifanayo-noma athole iziphetho ezifanayo-ezilungiselelweni ezicebile ezibonakalayo njenge-US noma iYurophu. Imiphumela evela ekufundeni okulandelwayo ngokuyinhloko ayihambisani, kuhlanganise nokucwaninga kuka-2012 okukhombisa ukuthi ama-multivitamine aphezulu kakhulu angase akhulise ingozi yokufa kubantu abondlekile kakhulu. Ezinye izifundo zokwelashwa ziye zabonisa izinzuzo kuphela kulabo abanezifo eziphambili ( izibalo ze-CD4 ngaphansi kwe-200 cell / mL), kanti abanye bengabonakali nzuzo nhlobo.
Yiziphi izifundo eziningi eziye zisekela ukuphepha kwama-multivitamini ezinkampanini zansuku zonke ezinconywayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-HIV abangenasondlo noma ezingeni eliphezulu zezifo.
Uma Izithako Zenza Kakhulu Kakhulu Kunokuhle
Okuncane kakhulu kuyaziwa ngezinzuzo zamavithamini, amaminerali, kanye nezinye izinto ezilandelanayo. Ucwaningo oluningi eminyakeni yamuva lugxile engxenyeni ye-selenium, i-mineral nonmetal enezici ezibizwa ngokuthi i-antioxidant. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa selenium ekuqaleni kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kufana nokulahlekelwa kwama-CD4 cells ngesikhathi ukubhula nokudla okungondleki ngokuvamile kungabonakali njengezici.
Njengoba kucindezela njengoba lobu buhlobo bungase bubonakale, ucwaningo alukazanga ukusekela noma iyiphi inzuzo yeqiniso ye-selenium supplementation, noma ekugwemeni ukugula okuhlobene ne-HIV noma ukuvuselelwa kwe-CD4. Imiphumela efana nayo ibonwe nge-magnesium ne-supplement zinc, lapho ukunyuka kwamazinga e-plasma akuzange kube nobudlelwane bokuxhumanisa noma ukuqhuma kwesifo noma umphumela.
Ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kwezidakamizwa ngabanye abantu abane-HIV kugcizelelwa yinkolelo yokuthi imikhiqizo "yemvelo" inikeza ukusekelwa komzimba okungokwemvelo okungasiza kalula ukwelashwa kwe-HIV. Lokhu akuvamile neze. Eqinisweni, izithako eziningana zingathinta kakhulu abantu abane-HIV, noma ngokuphazamisa ukuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa zabo noma ngokubangela izidakamizwa ezinciphisa noma yikuphi ukuhlomula okungeziwe kokuxhaswa.
Phakathi kokukhathazeka okungenzeka:
- I-Megadose vithamini A-Amandla amaningi okuthiwa i-vitamin A (ngaphezulu kwama-25,000 IUs nsuku zonke) angandisa ingozi yezinyosi ezinobuthi, ukuphuma kwangaphakathi, ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi, nokulahleka kwesisindo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ayincomo ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini A ekukhulelwe abesifazane abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ngokucwaninga okubonisa ukuthi umthamo we-IU 5,000 nsuku zonke ungase ukwandise ingozi yokudluliselwa komama nomntwana .
- I-Megadose vithamini C -Noma ngabe ucwaningo oluthile luphakamisa ukuthi ukuphakama okukhulu kwevithamini C kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuzivikelweni kwamaselula, ubufakazi buphikisana kakhulu. Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi ukuphakama okukhulu kwevithamini C kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwamathumbu kanye nesifo sohudo (okukugcina okungathinta ukugonywa kwemithi ethile yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi). Ama-Vitamin C amanani angaphezulu kuka-1000 mg ngosuku ayaziwa nangokunciphisa amazinga we- Crixivan (indinavir) kwezinye.
- I-Vitamin B6 (i-pyridoxine) Ukudla ngokweqile kwamavithamini B6 (ngaphezulu kuka 2,000 mg ngosuku) kungabangela ukulimala kwamantombazane okuguquguqukayo, okwandisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwezandulela -ngculazi eziguli ezithintekile isimo.
- I-Vitamin E- Amandla amaningi okuthiwa i-vitamin E (angaphezu kuka-1 500 IUs) angaphazamisa ukugaya igazi, kuyilapho isikhathi eside, ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuhuda, ubuthakathaka be-muscular, kanye ne-nausea.
- I-St John's Wort (i-hypericin) -Ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukucindezeleka okukhulu, iSt John's Wort iyaziwa ukunciphisa amazinga azo zonke i-protease inhibitor (PI) kanye nemithi engekho nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) isiguli esengozini yokuphikisa izidakamizwa nokuhluleka kokwelashwa.
- I-Garlic-I-Garlic amaphilisi nama-supplements kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa amazinga e-serum emithi ethile ye-HIV, ikakhulukazi i- Invirase (saquinavir) engancishiswa ngesigamu lapho kuthathwa ngokufanayo kanye nezithako ze-garlic. Ngokuphambene, i-garlic esisha noma ephekwe ayibonakali ithinte amazinga wezidakamizwa ze-serum.
- Ijusi le-Grapefruit - I -glass ye-ounce ye-juice yamagilebhisi asanda kutholakala ne-Crixivan inganciphisa amazinga e-serum ngamaphesenti angu-26, kuyilapho ingilazi efanayo yesirayi ingakhuphula amazinga e-Invirase ngamaphesenti angama-100 (okwandisa imiphumela engaba khona). Ngesikhathi ama-grapefruit juice akufanele alahlekelwe ekudleni komuntu, akufanele kuthathwe amahora amabili ngaphambi kokuqala noma amahora amabili emva kwesilinganiso semithi.
Izwi elivela
Ukubaluleka kokudla okunempilo nokudla okunempilo, okunempilo akukwazi ukucindezeleka. Ukwelulekwa ngokwempilo kungasiza labo abanesandulela ngculazi ukuba baqonde kangcono izidingo zabo zokudla ukuze kube ngcono:
- Ukufeza nokugcina isisindo somzimba enempilo
- Gcina amazinga we-lipids enempilo, kuhlanganise nama-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides
- Ukuqaphelisisa izinkinga zokudla ezingase zibangelwe imithi ethile ye- antiretroviral
- Ukubhekana nezinkinga zokudla ezingase zivele ezimpawu ezihlobene ne-HIV
- Gcwalisa izinyathelo zokudla ukuze ugweme izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithatha ukudla
Indima yokuzivocavoca ayikwazi ukunakwa, enezinzuzo kokubili impilo yomzimba nengqondo (kubandakanya ukunciphisa ingozi yokukhubazeka okuphathelene ne-HIV ).
Ngokuphathelene nokwengezwa, i-multivitamin yansuku zonke ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izidingo ze-micronutrient zihlangene, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangakwazi ukufeza imigomo yokudla okunomsoco. Noma kunjalo, ukuthatha amavithamini ngaphezu kwesabelo sabo samanje nsuku zonke akukwaziswa. Akunakho idatha yokusekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbal supplement ekuphatheni ukwelashwa kwe-HIV noma ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezidambisigciwane ngokunciphisa umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza .
Sicela utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isisetshenziswa ongase uthathe lapho ekhuluma ngokuphathwa nokuphathwa kwe-HIV yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuVimbela (CDC). "Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezidinga Ukudla Phakathi Kwabantu Abadala base-United States Kusukela Ku-NHANES III (1999-1994)." I- NCHC Data Short. Isikhungo sikaZwelonke seZempilo zeZempilo; I-Hyattsville, eMadland; Ngo-Ephreli 2011; Inombolo 1.
> Fawzi, W .; Msamanga, G .; I-Spiegelman, D .; et al. "Isivivinyo esingahleliwe se-multivitamin supplements kanye nesifo se-HIV nesifo sokufa." I- New England Journal of Medicine ; 351 (1): 23-32.
> Isanaka, S .; UMugusi, F .; Ama-Hawkins, C; et al. "Umthelela we-dose high vs standard-dose multivitamin supplementatio n ekuqalisweni kwe-HAART ekuthuthukeni kwesifo se-HIV nokufa eTanzania: icala elingalawulwa ngokungahleliwe." I- Journal of the American Medical Association. Okthoba 17, 2012; 308 (15): 1535-1544.
> Constans, J .; I-Delmas-Beauvieux, M .; USergeant, C .; et al. "Ukunakekelwa kwe-antioxidant yonyaka owodwa ne-beta-carotene noma selenium yeziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi: isifundo sezindiza." Izifo Ezibangelwa Izifo Zomtholampilo ; 23 (3): 654-656.
> Villamor E .; Msamanga, G .; I-Spiegelman, D .; et al. "Umthelela we-multivitamin ne-vitamin A supplement s ekuzuzeni isisindo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abane-HIV-1." 76 (5): 1082-1090.