Ukusuka Ezifweni Ezivamile Zomlomo Kungenzeka Ukuphila Kusongela Izifo
Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal kuvamile kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza futhi bangabonisa ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zesifo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwesigaba esiphuthumayo kuya kwesigaba se- AIDS esichazayo . Izifo ezintathu ezivame ukwanda kwe-fungal ziyaziwa ngokuthi i- candidiasis , cryptococcosis , i- histoplasmosis , ne- coccidiomycosis.
Candidiasis
I-Candidiasis ibangelwa uhlobo lwesilonda esibizwa nge- Candida .
Ukutheleleka okuvame ukuveza emlonyeni nasesiswini, nakuba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesandulela ngculaza).
Uma iveza emlonyeni njenge- thrush, ijwayele ukubhekwa ngama-patches amhlophe, omhlophe olimini nezinye izingxenye zomlomo nomphimbo. Uma iveza ngesiswini njengesifo sevuvu , ihlukaniswe ngukuthi "ukukhishwa kwe-cottage-cheese-like".
Uma lesi sifo sisakazeka ku-esophagus, bronchi, trachea, noma amaphaphu, ukutheleleka kubhekwa njengokungathi sína futhi kubekwe ngokomthetho njengesimo esichaza i-AIDS kubantu abane-HIV.
Izimpawu ze-candidiasis zifaka:
- Ama-patches amhlophe ngaphakathi komlomo, umphimbo ophezulu noma ulimi.
- Umkhuhlane kanye nezinguquko ekunambeni zivame.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba kanye nobunzima ukugwinya ukuhamba ne-candidiasis esophageal.
- Ukukhipha umgogodla, ukuvutha, nokukhishwa okumhlophe okumhlophe kubonisa i-candidiasis yesisu.
Cryptococcosis
I-cryptococcosis isifo esibulalayo esibulalayo esihlasela abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye. Kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, lingase liqhubekele phambili esimweni esaziwa ngokuthi i-cryptococcal meningitis, esithinta isistimu yomgogodla oyinhloko futhi namuhla yiyinkimbinkimbi yesithathu ejwayelekile kubantu abane-AIDS.
Isikhunta se-causal, C. neoformans noma C. gatti, sitholakala enhlabathini equkethe ama-droppings ezinyoni. Ngokuvamile, umzila wokutheleleka ungukungena kwe-spores ye-fungal. Ukungena kwezinhlamvu akubhekwa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokudlulisa, kuyilapho ukudluliselwa komuntu kuya komuntu kuthathwa njengokungajwayelekile.
I-cryptococcosis engaphezulu (okufaka phakathi i-cryptococcal meningitis) ihlukaniswa yi-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) njengesimo esichaza i- AIDS kubantu abane-HIV.
Izimpawu ze-cryptococcal meningitis zifaka:
- umkhuhlane
- Umbono ophukile nge-photophobia (ukuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni)
- ukudideka kwengqondo
- ikhanda
- intamo elukhuni, ebuhlungu
Histoplasmosis
I-Histoplasmosis ibangelwa i-fungus ebizwa ngokuthi i- H. capsulatum , engatholakala njalo emithonjeni ye-soild, inyoni yehla, ne-guano. Ukutheleleka kwaziwa ukuthi sekusabalalisa empumalanga naseningizimu ye-US (kanye nase-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eningizimu ye-Yurophu, nase-Central naseNingizimu Melika), nakuba abantu abaningi abathintekayo bayobe bebona izimpawu ezincane, ezibhebhetheka komkhuhlane ngaphandle komthelela ohlala njalo.
Kodwa-ke, kubantu abane-HIV ephakeme, i-histoplasmosis ingaba isifo sofuba esingapheli esifana nesifo sofuba . Ingasakazeka kahle ngaphezu kwamapayipi futhi ithinte izitho eziningi eziningi, ngokuvamile ezigulini ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngezibalo ze-CD4 ngaphansi kuka-150.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-histoplasmosis iye yahlukaniswa yi-CDC njengenkinga yokuchaza i-AIDS kubantu abaphila ne-HIV.
Izimpawu ze-histoplasmosis zingabandakanya:
- umkhuhlane
- i-lymph glands
- ukukhwehlela
- ukuphelelwa umoya
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu
Coccidiomycosis
I-Coccidioimycosis ibangelwa i-fungus C. immitis noma i- C. posadaii , futhi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Valley Fever. Lathinta abantu abaningi eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-US, kuhlanganise neTexas naseNingizimu-Kalifornia, nasenyakatho yeMexico, Central America, naseNingizimu Melika.
Njenga-cryptococcosis, i-coccidiomycosis isakazwa yizinhlamvu ezifayo ezitholakala enhlabathini, ezihamba emoyeni futhi zihanjiswe emaphashini.
Izimpawu ngokuvamile zikhawuleka futhi zibucayi futhi zingabandakanya:
- umkhuhlane
- ikhanda
- ukukhwehlela
- ukuphelelwa umoya
- ubuhlungu besisu
- ukukhathala
Kodwa-ke, uma ukutheleleka kusakazeka emaphashini kuya kwamanye ama-organ systems kuthathwa njengesimo esichazayo se- AIDS , okuholela ekuguleni okuhlukahlukene okuvela ezilonda zesikhumba, i-meningitis, i-bone lesions, nokushisa kwenhliziyo.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza nengculazi: Okudingayo ukwazi ngezifo ezifakwe fungal." I-Atlanta, Georgia; kufinyelelwe uMeyi 27, 2016.
I-CDC. "Imihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela Nokunakekelwa Kwezifo Ezingavamile Ezinganeni Ezikhulelwe Ne-Adolescent". Ukubukwa Kwamaviki nokuhlaselwa Kwamaviki Omzimba. 2009; 58 (RR04): 1-198.