Ungakwazi Ukuthola I-Leukemia Kusuka Ethomeni Noma Engenayo I-Radiation Ionizing?
Ingabe ukuvezwa kwemisebe kungabangela i-leukemia? Yiziphi izinhlobo zemisebe eziyingozi futhi ungazi kanjani ukuthi uphephile?
Sibutsetelo
I-radiation ingakwazi futhi ibangele i- leukemia , kodwa ngaphambi kokuthuthumela, sizokhuluma kancane ngezinhlobo zokuchayeka kwemisebe okungaba yingozi. Ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ziyaziwa ukuthi zibangelwa umdlavuza, kanti ezinye azikho. Nsuku zonke izidumbu zethu zitholakala emisebeni ye-ray-ray, imishini yokuxilonga yezokwelapha, ama-microwave, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, amagagasi omsakazo, ngisho nemisebe yelanga, kodwa akusiwo wonke umuntu ozalwa ne-leukemia.
Ake siqale ngokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe.
Izinhlobo zeMisebe
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemisebe:
- Imisebe engeyona ionizing: - Lolu hlobo lwemisebe lubuthakathaka, futhi yilokho okushiwo efonini yakho kanye neskrini sakho sekhompyutheni. Ngenkathi kunezinye izinto ezikhathazayo ngemisebe engeyona ioni, isibonelo, ingozi ekhulayo yezicubu zobuchopho eziye zaphawulwa kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa iselula, ingozi ye-leukemia ibhekwa kakhulu.
- Imisebe ye-ionizing: Lolu hlobo lwemisebe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lunamandla amaningi . Eqinisweni, unamandla okwanele ukuphula izibopho ezithile zamakhemikhali, ukususa ama-electron kuma-athomu, nokulimaza i-DNA kumaseli ethu angabangela umdlavuza. Wonke amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu angalimazwa ngokuvezwa kulolu hlobo lwemisebe.
Imithombo Ye-Radiation Ionizing
Imisebe ye-ionizing iyasizungezile futhi ingabangela umdlavuza. Imithombo ingafaka:
- Imishanguzo yezokwelapha: ama-x-ray, ukuhlola kwe-CT, ukuhlola kwe-PET, ukuhlola kwethambo, ukuxilongwa kwemithi nokuningi
- Imikhiqizo yotshwala: ngokuyinhloko kusuka ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa imishini emhlabathini lapho ikhule khona
- Ukwehla kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo emadwaleni nasemhlabathini
- I-Radon: I-Radon iyi-gesi engenambala, engenambala ekhishwa yi-decay evamile ye-uranium enhlabathini ngaphansi kwamakhaya ethu emakhaya ethu. I-Radon yimbangela yesibili eholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu emva kokubhema, kodwa akuyazi kahle ukuthi indima yayo ikuphi ku-leukemia
- Ukuvezwa kwemisebenzi njengemayini.
- Izingozi zenuzi ezifana neChernobyl nuclear power plant
- Ibhomu le-Atomic
Ukulinganisa amazinga omsindo
Ososayensi basebenzisa imigomo emibili eyinhloko lapho bexoxa ngamazinga okuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing. Lezi zibhekwa njengezilinganayo. I-millisievert (mSV) ne-milligray (mGy). Kulabo abasebenza emisebenzini ngokuchayeka imisebe, umkhawulo wokuchayeka ungama-50 mSv ngonyaka ongu-1, noma i-100 mSv ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu .
I-Leukemia ne-Ionizing Radiation
I-leukemia ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza oqala emva kokuvezwa kwemisebe futhi ngokuvamile utholakala eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemihlanu. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ezifana ne- myeloma , zingathatha iminyaka engu-15 ukuthuthukisa.
I-radiation ionizing itholakala ukuthi i-carcinogenic (noma i-cancer-causing) eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokuba kutholakale ama-X ray. Ososayensi bokuqala baqala ukulandelela ukugula phakathi kwabasebenzi be-radiation futhi baqaphela ukuxhumana okusobala phakathi kokuvezwa kwemisebe nomdlavuza. Muva nje, abantu abaningi bavezwe emisebeni yomswakama ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-Hiroshima naseNagasaki, abavukuzi be-uranium, kanye nabantu ababenakekelwa izimo zezokwelapha ngokusebenzisa i-radiotherapy baye bafundiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana.
I-Leukemia ne-Medical Radiation
Siyazi ukuthi imishanguzo yezokwelapha ingabangela umdlavuza .
Isikhathi esiningi, kodwa, ingozi iyinto encane kakhulu futhi iyamukeleka ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo.
Ulwazi oluningi lwethu luvela kulabo abaye bathola ukwelashwa kwemisebe yomdlavuza . Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kulezi zilungiselelo kungandisa ingozi ye-leukemia phansi komugqa ngemali encane, kodwa ingaba nezinzuzo ezinkulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza okwamanje.
Ukukhathazeka kuvela lapho ukhuluma ngezivivinyo ezenziwa kubantu abaningi - izivivinyo ukuthi kwezinye izimo zingase zibe nezinye (njenge-ultrasound noma i-MRI) ezingenayo ingozi yomdlavuza wemisebe. Ukuvezwa kwemisebe yezokwelapha kuye kwanda kakhulu eMelika.
Ngo-1982 isilinganiso samaMelika sasivezwe ku-0.5 mSv ngonyaka. Ngonyaka ka-2006 okwakususwe ku-3.0 mSv ngonyaka - ukukhuphuka kwamaphesenti angu-6 ekuvezeni okushiwo ikakhulukazi emisebeni yezokwelapha.
Okwamanje asikwazi ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-radiation okuphawulekayo ekuvivinyweni kokuhlola kuyini, kodwa ukulinganisa kwenziwe ngezincike ekuchazeni ibhomu kwe-athomu. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa, kucatshangwa, ngokusho kwe-FDA, ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-10 mSV kwandisa ingozi yokufa komdlavuza ngo-1 ngo-2000 .
Muva nje, kuye kwaba nokunciphisa ukunciphisa inani lezingcingo ezingadingekile ze-CT, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, okungenzeka ngenxa yobudala bazo engozini enkulu ukusuka ekuvezweni. Hlola le mibuzo ukuze ubuze ukuthi ingane yakho inesisindo se-CT . Ukuze ube nomqondo mayelana nemisebe ungase uvezwe kuwo, nansi ezinye izibonelo:
- Indiza yendiza (imisebe ye-cosmic) - 0.005 mSV / ihora emoyeni
- I-x-ray yesifuba (umbono wesi-2) - 0.10 mSV
- I-Chest CT scan - 8.0 mSV
- Ukuhlolwa kwesisu kwe-abdominal - 10.0 mSv
- I-Mammogram - 0.7 mSV
Izinga Elivikelekile Lokuziveza?
Ngenkathi izimbangi ezinjengalezo ezivezwa emazingeni aphezulu emisebe yesikhashana esikhathini esifushane kakhulu kulula ukulandelela nokutadisha, ososayensi bayazi kangako mayelana nobungozi kubantu abavezwa emazingeni aphansi asemisebeni. Sonke sibhekene nesilinganiso esithile somswakama nsuku zonke, kodwa sonke asitholi umdlavuza. Abacwaningi abazi ukuthi kuningi kangakanani ama-radiation nokuthi yimaphi amazinga abhekwa njengama-"ephephile" amanani okuvezwa.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Ingabe ama-x-ray nama-gamma rays abangela umdlavuza? Kubuyekezwa 02/24/15. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/radiationexposureandcancer/xraysgammaraysandcancerrisk/x-rays-gamma-rays-and-cancer-risk-do-xrays-and-gamma-rays-cause-cancer
I-Djomina, E. no-Barilyak, I. "Imiphumela Yezokwelapha Nezofuzo Zezinhlekelele Zomshuwalense" I- Cytology and Genetics 2010. (44) 186-193.
I-Environmental Protection Agency. "Ukuvikelwa kwezidakamizwa" https://www.epa.gov/radiation#riskofcancer Kubuyekezwe 09/16/15.
I-World Health Organization. (2006) "Imiphumela Yempilo Yengozi YaseChernobyl nezinhlelo Ezikhethekile Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo" http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43447/1/9241594179_eng.pdf Kufinyelelwe 03/05/16.
Yarbro, J. Carcinogenesis. EYarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M. kanye noGenenwald, S. eds (2000). Ubunakekeli beCancer : Izimiso Nezenzo 5th Jones noBartlett: Sudbury: MA (kk. 48-59).