I-Chromosome yamaFiladelphia

I-chromosome yamaFiladelphia yilokho okutholayo ekufakweni kwamagciwane omuntu omhlophe-okuthola ukuthi kunomthelela we-leukemia. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukubhekisela ku "Philadelphia le-chromosome-positive leukemia."

Ngokuqondile, i-leukemia ingase ibizwe ngokuthi "i-Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph +) engavamile i-myeloid leukemia " (i-CML) noma "i-chromosome-positive (Ph +) ye-chromosome-positive (Ph +) i-leukemia ye-acute lymphoblastic" (KONKE).

I-Chromosome Yokuvuselela

E-nucleus yeseli ngayinye, i-molecule ye-DNA ihlanganiswe zibe izakhiwo ezinjengezintambo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-chromosomes. I-chromosome ngayinye yakhiwa i-DNA ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile-izikhathi eziningi-ezungeze amaprotheni okuthiwa i-histones. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-cell ihlukaniswe kabili, ama-chromosomes awabonakali ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus-ngisho nangaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esitokisini esingahlukanisi, i-DNA ayiphakanyisiwe futhi ihambe kahle kangaka, njengoba isetshenziselwa iseli ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukene. Kodwa-ke, i-DNA eyenza ama-chromosomes aqina ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kweseli bese ubonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope njenge-chromosome.

I-chromosome ngayinye inesimo sayo sesimo, futhi indawo yezakhi zofuzo ezithile zingatholakala ngokuphathelene nokuma kwe-chromosome. Lapho zonke izici zofuzo esitokisini somuntu zihlanganiswa, kunezinhlangothi ezingu-23 zama-chromosomes, ngokulingana kwama-chromosomes angu-46 esitokisini ngasinye.

Eqinisweni, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane zinamanani ahlukene we-chromosomes. Ngokwesibonelo, i-fly fly, inezinhlangothi ezine zama-chromosomes, kanti isitshalo selayisi sineshumi nenja, 39.

I-Chromosome yamaFiladelphia

I-chromosome yeFiladelphia inomlando nokulungiselelwa, kodwa ngezinhloso ezingokoqobo, ingachazwa njengokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosome 22 lapho ingxenye ye-chromosome 9 idluliselwa kuwo.

Ngamanye amazwi, ucezu lwe-chromosome 9 nesigcawu se-chromosome 22 siphume futhi sithengise izindawo. Uma lokhu kuhweba kwenzeka, kubangela izinkinga emagenjini - isakhi esibizwa ngokuthi "bcr-abl" sakhiwe nge-chromosome 22 lapho isiqeshana se-chromosome 9 sifaka khona. I-chromosome 22 yashintsha ibizwa ngokuthi i-chromosome ye-Philadelphia .

Amangqamuzana e-bone omzimba anama-chromosome e-Philadelphia atholakale e-lemonemia engapheli futhi ngezinye izikhathi atholakala ku- acute leukemia ye-lymphocytic . Nakuba i-chromosome yamaFiladelphia ivame ukucatshangwa mayelana ne-CML ne-ALL, ingavela nakwezinye izimo, njengokuthi "ukuhanjiswa kwe-Philadelphia okuhlukile," nesifo se-myeloproliferative "se-chromosome-negative chronic".

Ngakho-ke, ubona, i-chromosome yamaFiladelphia ishintsho esithile sezakhi zofuzo esiye saba uhlobo oluphawulekayo kwezokwelapha, oluwusizo ekuboneni ezinye zegciwane ngokutholakala kwalo, kanye nezinye umdlavuza ngenxa yokungabi khona kwayo.

Njengengxenye yokuhlola kwabo, odokotela bazobheka ukutholakala kwe-chromosome yeFiladelphia ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi isiguli sithinteka yini ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia.

I-chromosome ye-Philadelphia itholakale kuphela kumaseli egazini echaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yomonakalo we-DNA, i-chromosome yamaFiladelphia ibangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme engavamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-tyrosine kinase.

Kanye nezinye izinto ezingavamile, le enzyme ibangela ukuba umdlavuza wekhanda ukhule ngokungalawuleki.

Odokotela bazobheka ukutholakala kwalokhu okungavamile lapho behlola amasampula avela emthonjeni wamathambo wakho kanye ne-biopsy ukuze usize ukuxilongwa kahle.

Ukuhlonza i-chromosome yamaFiladelphia ngawo-1960 kwaholela ekuthuthukiseni okukhulu kwe-CML. Lokhu kwabeka isisekelo senkathi entsha ye-CML yokwelapha okuthiwa "i-tyrosine kinase inhibitors," njenge-Gleevac (imatinib mesylate) ne-Sprycel (i-dasatinib).

Muva nje, u-Tasigna (nilotinib) uvunyelwe ukwelapha abantu abadala abasanda kutholwa i-Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) CML esigabeni esingavamile.

I-Nilotinib nayo ibhekwa njenge-tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

_Imithombo

_{Goldman, J. noDaley, G. (2007). I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Ngo-Melo, J., noGoldman, J. (Eds.) Ukukhathazeka kwe- Myeloproliferative (pp.1-13). I-New York. Springer.}

_{USherbenou, D. noDruker, B. "Ukusebenzisa ukutholakala kwe-chromosome yaseFiladelphia" I-Journal of Clinical Investigation August 2007 117: 2067-74.}

_{Adamson PC. Ukuthuthukisa Umphumela Wezingane Ezine Cancer: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinhloso Ezintsha Ezihlosiwe. I-CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65 (3): 212-220.}

_{I-PC ye-Nowell. Ukutholwa kwe-chromosome yamaFiladelphia: umbono womuntu siqu. I-Journal of Investigation Clinic. 2007; 117 (8): 2033-2035.}