Iminyaka engu-20 yokuqala: 1984-2003
Umlando wokuqala wokuthuthukiswa komgomo we-HIV wawungenye yethemba nethembiso. Ngesikhathi nje igciwane lesandulela ngculazi litholakala, ososayensi, osombusazwe, kanye nezishoshovu ngokufanayo nabo bonke bakholelwa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-AIDS wawulungile. Kwakukhona abaphikisanayo, kodwa ikakhulukazi kwakukhona izithembiso. Kwathatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ithemba lithathwe esikhundleni sokudumazeka. Sebenzisa lo mgca wesikhathi ukuze ufunde ngomlando weminyaka yokuqala engu-20 yokuthuthukiswa komgomo we-HIV.
1984
I-HIV-1 itholakele. I-AIDS ayisisifo esiyimfihlakalo. Ososayensi baqala ukwethemba ukuthi bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa umgomo wokuvikela isifo esaziwa ngokuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, "I-Gay Plague."
Ngenkomfa yezindaba zango-Ephreli, uNobhala WezeMpilo wase-US uMargaret Heckler uthi kufanele kuhlolwe umgomo wokugoma nge-HIV eminyakeni emibili.
1985
Ukuthuthukiswa komgomo wokugoma i-HIV kuqala ngokucophelela. Ngeshwa, ososayensi bahlushwa izinkinga. Kuvela ukuthi i-HIV ihlelwe ngendlela evamile ukuze imelane nemigwaqo ejwayelekile yokuthuthukiswa komuthi wokugoma.
1986
Umgomo wokuqala wokugomela i-HIV uvunyelwe ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa.
1987
I-athikili emaphephandabeni i- Nature ibika ukuthi zonke izimpukane ezivivinyweni zokugoma zithole igciwane lesandulela ngculaza yize zihlakulela zombili izimpendulo zomzimba we-antibody kanye ne-T ezithintekayo ngemuva kokuthola umgomo. Ekubuyiseleni, lokhu kuhluleka ukutshela.
Iqembu le-AIDS Clinical Trials (ACTG) lakhiwa ukuhlinzeka inethiwekhi yamasayithi omtholampilo angasetshenziselwa izifundo zokwelashwa nge-HIV.
Isivivinyo sokuqala somtholampilo sokugonywa nge-HIV siqala e-United States. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sokuphepha sokuphepha sibhalisela amavolontiya angu-138 angenempilo, angavikelekile futhi athola ukuthi umgomo wokugoma awunayo imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
1988
I-AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group (AVEG) iqala ukubhalisa izisebenzi zokuzithandela.
1989
Ososayensi bamemezela ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwegciwane le-SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) elivikela iqembu elincane lezinkawu kusukela ekutheleleni.
1990
I-athikili emagazini i- Fortune ithi cishe kunomgomo wokuvimbela i-HIV ngaphambi kuka-1993.
1991
Uhlelo lokugoma lwe-HIV lwe-Pasteur-Merieux Connaught luqala.
Umgomo wokuqala wokuhlola u-AIDS ohlolwe e-US kuthiwa uphephile.
Ekupheleni konyaka, ukukhishwa kwegciwane lesandulelangculaza kukhishwe amalungelo angu-26.
1992
Isivivinyo sokuqala se-NIH sokuqala se-NIH sokuqala kokugoma i-HIV siqala. Kubhalisa abantu abanobungozi obuphezulu futhi ubalulekele ukuba bagweme ukuziphatha okulimazayo.
I-AVEG iqala isilingo sayo sokuqala sokugoma - esenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo kunokuvimbela ukutheleleka kokuqala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ibhalisa amadoda nabesifazane abathintekayo nge-HIV.
1993
Isivivinyo sokuqala sokugoma ukufaka imithi yokufaka igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza baqala.
Isivivinyo sokuqala sokugomela i-HIV NIAID sokuqala ukubhalisa abantu abanesifo se-HIV esiphezulu siqala.
I-World Health Organization kanye noHulumeni waseThailand bahlanganyele ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lukazwelonke lokuhlola umgomo wokugoma i-HIV.
UMassachusetts umemezela ukuthi uhulumeni oqala ukuxilongwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
1994
I-NIH isetha iziqondiso ekubandakanyekeni kwamancane ezinkulweni zomtholampilo.
Isivivinyo sokuqala sokugonywa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi e-Asia siqhubeka.
1995
Iphaneli yezeluleko evoti ukuthumela umgomo wokugoma we-Salk ekwelashweni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
1996
Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba III se-Salk vaccine, manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Remune, kuqala ukubhaliswa e-US naseThailand.
I-International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) idalwe.
Isivivinyo sokugonywa kwe-gp160 siphetha ngempumelelo, kodwa asihlukumezi i-HIV noma sinciphise inkinga yesifo.
1997
UMengameli uBill Clinton ubeka umgomo wokuthuthukisa umgomo wokugoma i-HIV eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngesikhathi ekhuluma neqembu labafundi eMorgan State University, uthi "Akusekho umbuzo wokuthi singakwazi yini ukuhlakulela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, umane nje umbuzo wokuthi nini.
Futhi ayikwazi ukufika usuku ngokushesha kakhulu, "futhi uthembisa ukusungula isikhungo sokucwaninga ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi esikhungweni seNational Institutes of Health.
Izivivinyo zokugoma i-HIV ezingaphezu kwezingu-95 seziphelile.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abangaba ngu-2 000 baye bahlanganyela ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo yokugonywa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ezindaweni ezivivinywa zeSandulela Ngculazi
I-UNAIDS ihlanganisa umhlangano ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zokuziphatha ezihlobene nokuhlola ucwaningo lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza emazweni asathuthuka.
1998
UVaxgen uqala ukuhlolwa kwesigaba III somuntu ogulayo umgomo wokugoma i-HIVVAX.
1999
IBhodi YokuLapha UkuPhathwa KweDatha iphetha izivivinyo ze-Phase III Remune lapho kungekho umehluko obonakala phakathi kwegciwane kanye namaqembu we-placebo.
I-Uganda iba yindawo yokuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi lokuqala.
UVaxgen uqala ukuqashelwa isilingo se-AIDSVAX eThailand.
2000
I-HIV Vaccine Trial Network yakha. I-HVTN iyimbambano yomphakathi-yangasese yabacwaningi bamagciwane. Iphezu kwe-Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center e Seattle, futhi ixhasiwe yi-NIH.
I-UNAIDS iveza idokhumenti esemthethweni yokuqondisa ngemigomo yokucwaninga ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza emazweni asathuthuka.
Isivivinyo sokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi siqala eKenya.
Isigaba I sokuhlolwa kwesiguli se-DNA se-NNA siqala.
2001
Abacwaningi be-NIH bahlangana namaqembu omphakathi ukuhlola ukubamba iqhaza kwentsha ekuhlolweni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Ukukhishwa kwe-May ku-HVTN kumemezela ukuthi banezivivinyo ezine zokugonywa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanti omunye uhlele ukuqala kamuva ngonyaka.
Isilingo sohlelo lwe-Prime-Boost sitholwa ukukhombisa izithembiso ezinkomeni.
2002
I-AIDSInfo iya bukhoma.
U-GlaxoSmithKline umemezela ukuthi uzoqala ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kugxile ku-NefTat ne-gp120.
U-Merck uqala ukuhlolwa kokuphepha komgomo wokugoma.
2003
Kumemezelwa ukuthi icala le-AIDSVAX eThailand lihlulekile.
Isigungu se-Epimmune HIV-1090 siya ezivivinyweni zesigaba I. Umgomo uqukethe ukulandelana kwe-HIV DNA okwenziwe ngezici ezingu-21 ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane ezigcinwe kakhulu. Umgomo wayo ukugqugquzela impendulo ye-cytotoxic cell. Ngumdlali wokuqala wokugonywa yingculaza okufanele afundwe ngesikhathi esisodwa e-US nakwamanye amazwe.
- Ukuqonda ama-Lymphocyte T e-cytotoxic
I-Merck ne-Aventis ithimba ukwenza isilingo semigomo yabo ye-gag ehlangene kumasayithi angu-18.
Imithombo:I-Coulter AH "Isimo Sanje Sokuthuthukiswa Kwegciwane: Ingabe Siphakathi Kakhulu?" Ukunakekela Ukwelashwa Kwama-AIDS. Juni 1992, 6 (3): 123-125.
I-Deeks SG kanye ne-Walker BD "Abalawuli Bama-Virus Immunodeficiency Virus: Izindlela Zokulawulwa Kwemishanguzo Ehlala Yilapho Kungabikho Ukwelashwa Kwe-Antiretroviral" Ingculazi. 2007; 27: 406-16.
I-Dolgin E. "Izinhloso ezintsha zinikeza ithemba lokugoma i-HIV" Nature News. NgoSeptemba 3. 2009. (Kuthunyelwe ku-intanethi 10/1/09)
UMededema F. "Umlando omfushane wokucwaninga ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza: ukubuyela emuva ebhodini lokudweba?" AIDS. 2008 Sep 12; 22 (14): 1699-703.
UMurphey-Corb M et al. "Umgomo ophelele we-SIV ongenqatshelwe ngokomthetho uqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kuma-macaques" Isayensi. 1989 Dec 8; 246 (4935): 1293-7.
I-Walker BD, uBurton DR. "Ngomgomo wokugoma i-AIDS." Isayensi. 2008 Meyi 9; 320 (5877): 760-4.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ye-HIV Imithi - I-NIAID Fact Sheets. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/clinrsch.htm (Kufinyelelwe ngo-10/1/09)
I-HVTN Fact Sheet. http://www.hvtn.org/media/FactSheet.pdf (Kufinyelelwe ngo-10/1/09)
I-WHO: Iforamu yesithathu yoHlelo lweNgculazi le-AIDS http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr53/en/index.html (Ukufinyelelwa ngo-10/9/9)
Uhlu lwama-Trivia Uhlolo Lokuhlolwa Kwama-AIDS. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/Vaccines/MainSearch.aspx?strPreventive=on&strTherapeutic=on&strSponsor=All&strRecruiting=on&status=1&strNoRecruiting=on&NRstatus=1 (Kufinyelelwe ngo-10/1/09)
I-AIDS Info Release Press: I-HIV / AIDS Imishanguzo http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/aprs/release.aspx?an=A00070 (Kufinyelelwe ngo-10/1/09)
I-AEGIS Fact Sheet - Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha nge-HIV / AIDS I-Vaccineshttp: //www.aegis.org/factshts/NIAID/1997/niaid97_fact_sheet_clinrsch.html (Ukufinyelelwa ngo-10/1/09)
UMSEBENZI OTSHA WOKUSEBENZA NGESA AIDS Kukhona ithemba langempela emva kwakho konke: Umuthi wokugoma ungase ube khona ngo-1993. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezitholakalayo ngokushesha kufanele ziphuze noma ziyeke ngisho nalesi sifo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi ka-AZT. Ngo-February 26, 1990 i-Fortune Magazine. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/26/73115/index.htm (Kufinyelelwe ku-intanethi 10/1/09)
I-AIDS Vaccine Bulletin Issue Esikhethekile - Ukubuyekezwa Kwonyaka ka-2005. January 2006 • Vol.4 • No.1 http://www.iavi.org/lists/iavipublications/attachments/11b8f27a-4f78-4a9f-9e52-167f3f522901/iavi_vax_table_jan_2006_eng.pdf (Ukufinyelelwa ngo-10/1/09)