Naphezu kwentuthuko yesayensi yezokwelapha nokuqonda kwethu nge-HIV, igciwane elidala i-AIDS, e-US ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi umthetho we-HIV nesayensi ye-HIV awuhambisani. Izifunda eziningi zenze imithetho, ezinye zazo zingabangela isigwebo sejele iminyaka engaba ngu-20, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka noma cha.
Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), imithetho engama-67 emazweni angu-32 igxile kubantu abane-HIV kusukela ngo-2011.
Emazweni angu-24, umuntu onesandulela ngculaza kudingeka adalule isimo sakhe kubalingani babo bocansi. Izifunda eziyishumi nesine zidinga ukudalulwa kwesimo se-HIV kumalingani okwaba nesosha, kanti emazweni angu-25 namanje ahlukumeza ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene okungekho engozini yokudlulisela i-HIV.
Imithetho eminingi ye-HIV njengamanje isendaweni eyasungulwa yizishayamthetho ezithintana nezisayensi ezisheshayo, ezingakwazi ukuqonda-noma ngokungafuni ukwamukela-izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudlulisa noma izingozi . Kwezinye izifundazwe, imithetho ibonisa ukucwaswa okusebenzayo ngokumelene nabesifazane (ukuhlukumeza isifebe, kodwa hhayi ikhasimende), ngokumelene namadoda (kuchaza ukuchayeka njengokuba khona kwembewu), noma ngokumelene nabantu basejele (ukushushisa izenzo umphakathi ongenakuze ujeziswe ).
Ngisho nasezifundeni ezifana neTexas, ezingenayo imithetho yobugebengu eqondene ne-HIV, kuye kwabekwa imisho kulabo abanesandulela ngculaza babhekwa njengesikhali.
Ngo-2008, owesilisa ongenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ongenakhaya, watholakala enecala lokuphambanisa emehlweni ephoyisa, isenzo asinikezwe isigwebo sentambo ejele iminyaka engu-35-ngenxa yesimiso se-Texas sokuziphatha kabi, kanye neminyaka eyi-10 ukuhlaselwa okuhlasimulisayo ngesikhali "esibulalayo".
Imithetho Yomsulwa Ye-HIV Kahulumeni
(Sicela uqaphele ukuthi umhlahlandlela olandelayo uhloselwe ukunikeza ukubuka okufushane kwemithetho eqondene ne-HIV yombuso ngamunye, futhi akufanele isetshenziswe njengesithenjwa somthetho.
Uhlu alufaki imithetho noma izimiso ezithinta ukudluliselwa kwesifo esithathelwanayo , lapho kwezinye izifundazwe kungabuye kujeziswe isigwebo esihle kanye / noma ejele. Ukubhaliswa okuphelele, okuvuselelwe kweMbuso kaHulumeni we-HIV kuyatholakala kuyi-intanethi kusuka ku-CDC.)
| Isimo | Kucatshangwa ubugebengu kubantu abane-HIV eyaziwa | Okungalungile | Felony |
| I-Alabama | Ngokuzibandakanya ezenzweni ezingase ziveze omunye umuntu nge-HIV. | I-Class C | - |
| Alaska | Uveza umuntu engozini noma ukwesaba i-HIV ngesikhathi sebugebengu obuqhekekile. | - | Kungavumela ukugwetshwa okungeziwe lapho kwenzeka isigwebo esicacile |
| Arkansas | Kungenzeka ukuthi umunye umuntu unesandulela ngculaza ngegazi noma ngezocansi noma ngaphandle kwamasamu okwamanje. | - | I-Class A |
| Uhluleka ukudalula isimo sakhe se-HIV kudokotela noma wamazinyo . | I-Class A | - | |
| California | Ukwazi ngokunikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu. | - | Ukugwetshwa isigwebo seminyaka emibili, emine, noma eyisithupha |
| Ihluleka ukudalula isimo sabo se-HIV, ngenhloso yokuthelela omunye umuntu ngokusebenzisa ubulili obungavimbelwe . | - | Ukugwetshwa isigwebo seminyaka emithathu, emihlanu, noma eyisishiyagalombili | |
| Uhlanganyela ebufebeni ngemuva kwesenzo sangaphambilini esithinta ucansi. | - | Yebo | |
| Colorado | Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyingqingili noma uhlonipha isifebe, ngolwazi olugcwele ngesimo sabo se-HIV. | - | Iklasi 5/6 |
| EFlorida | Uhlanganyela emlonyeni wesondo ngaphandle kokudalula isimo sabo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi nokwamukela imvume enolwazi. | Isiqu sesi-3 | |
| Ukwazisa ngegazi, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu. | - | Isiqu sesi-3 | |
| Georgia | Uhlanganyela ocansini ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yokuthola ulwazi; ukwabelana izinaliti ; uhlanganyela ebufebeni; noma unikela ngomzimba wamanzi, izitho, noma izicubu zomuntu. | - | Ilungiswa ngokungaphumi kweminyaka engu-10 |
| Yenza ukuhlaselwa kumapholisa noma izikhulu zokulungiswa ngenhloso yokudlulisa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngegazi, ematheni, nanoma yimuphi omunye umthamo womzimba. | - | Yebo | |
| Idaho | Ngokuziwayo unikela ngomzimba womzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu . | - | Yebo |
| Illinois | Kungenzeka ukuthi ubeka omunye umuntu i-HIV ngokuxhumana naye obuseduze; unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, noma izicubu zomuntu; noma iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezingenayo oyinyumba. | - | I-Class 2 |
| Indiana | Ukwazisa ngegazi noma igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. | - | I-Class C yokwenza icala futhi i-Class A uma ukudluliswa kwenzeka |
| Yenza ibhethri esikhungweni samaphoyisa, isikhulu sokulungisa, noma yimuphi omunye umuntu onomzimba omswakama noma odoti lomzimba. | - | I-Class D yokwenza icala; I-Class C uma lo muntu engazi ukuthi umzimba owuketshezi noma udoti unesandulela ngculaza; kanye ne-Class A uma ukudluliswa kwenzeka | |
| Iowa | Kungenzeka ukuthi ubeka omunye umuntu i-HIV ngezocansi; umnikelo wezifo zomzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu; noma uhlanganyele ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okwabelwana ngazo. | - | Isigaba B |
| Kansas | Ngokwenhloso uhlose ukuthelela omunye umuntu ngezocansi, ukwabelana ngezinaliti, noma ukunikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu. | I-Class A | - |
| Kentucky | Uhlanganyela ebufebeni, uhlonipha isifebe, noma uzama ukunikela izitho noma izicubu zomuntu (kodwa hhayi igazi) | - | I-Class D |
| Louisiana | Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu uthola igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngesandulela ngculaza ngaphandle kokuthola imvume enolwazi, noma ukumisa ukulimala ngokuthi "ukugawula, ukulimaza, ukugwaza ngento ephikisana nengculaza, noma ukuphonsa igazi noma ezinye izinto zomzimba" komunye umuntu. | - | Ihlawuliswa yinhlawulo engekho ngaphezu kwama-$ 5,000, noma ijele iminyaka eyishumi. Uma isisulu singumphathi wezomthetho, isijeziso singakhula. |
| Maryland | Iphutha ngokweqile noma izama ukuthelela omunye umuntu. | Ukugwetshwa ngomusho ongaphezu kweminyaka emithathu noma imali engu-$ 2,500, noma kokubili | |
| Michigan | Ifaka phakathi kobulili obungenayo (kufaka phakathi ubulili bomlomo) ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yokuqala. | - | Yebo |
| Mississippi | Ngokwazi ukuveza omunye umuntu noma Ibonisa isikhulu sokulungisa, isivakashi esikhungweni sokulungisa, noma esinye isiboshwa | - | Felony |
| Missouri | Ukwazisa ngegazi, izitho, noma izicubu zomuntu; noma ukuveza enye i-HIV ngezocansi ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yokuqala. | - | I-Class B felony ne-Class A uma ukudluliselwa kwenzeka |
| I-Montana | Ngokwazi ukuveza omunye umuntu nge-HIV ngokusebenzisa ucansi. | Yebo | - |
| I-Nevada | Uyazibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuhloswe noma okusemandleni okudlulisela i-HIV, noma ukwenza ubufebe ngemuva kokuhlola i-HIV. | - | Isigaba B |
| E-New Jersey | Yenza ukungena ngocansi ngaphandle kwemvume yokuqala enolwazi. | - | Isiqu sesi-3 |
| I-New York | Uhlanganyela ocansini ngokobulili nomunye umuntu. | Yebo | - |
| North Carolina | Ngokuzithandela udlulisela amanzi omzimba komunye umuntu. | - | Ubugebengu bobulili beClass A |
| E-Ohio | Ngokwazi uhambisa igazi komunye umuntu ngenhloso yokumpontshelwa igazi. | - | Isiqu se-4 |
| Oklahoma | Uhlanganyela ebufebeni noma wazi ngokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni lapho uketshezi komzimba kungadluliselwa komunye umuntu. | - | Ukugwetshwa ngomusho ongakapheli iminyaka emihlanu |
| Iveza omunye umuntu (kufaka phakathi umlingani oshadile) ne-HIV. | - | Yebo | |
| Pennsylvania | Kubangela esinye isiboshwa esikhungweni sokuqondisa izigwegwe ukuze uxhumane namanzi akho omzimba | - | Isiqu sesibili (noma ukubulawa kuka-2 kwesiboshwa esicasulayo kusemgqeni wokufa noma usuvele ugwetshiwe ukuboshwa ejele) |
| Uhlanganyela ekufebeni, uhola isifebe, noma ukhuthaza isifebe onesandulela ngculaza. | - | Isiqu sesi-3 | |
| South Carolina | Ukwazi ngokuhlanganyela ubulili nomunye umuntu ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yokuqala; uhlanganyela ebufebeni; iphoqa umlingani womthetho ukuba abe nobulili; ukwabelana izinaliti; noma unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu. | - | Ukugwetshwa isigwebo esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 noma imali engekho ngaphezu kwama-$ 5,000 (nakuba imvume enolwazi ingabhekwa njengokukhululwa) |
| South Dakota | Uhlanganyela ebuthweni bobulili; unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, noma izicubu zomuntu; ubamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezingekho oyinyumba; noma ngenhloso yokwenza omunye ahlangane negazi noma umuthi. | - | I-Class 3 |
| Tennessee | Ukwazi ngokuhlanganyela "ukuxhumana okusondelene" nomunye umuntu; ubamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezingekho oyinyumba; noma unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu. | - | I-Class C |
| I-Utah | Uhlanganyela ekufebeni noma uthola isifebe. | - | Isiqu sesi-3 |
| Virginia | Uhlanganyela ngokuzithandela kwezocansi (kufaka phakathi ubulili bomlomo) ngenhloso yokuthelela omunye umuntu noma ukunikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho noma izicubu zomuntu | - | I-Class 6 |
| Uhlanganyela kwezocansi (kufaka phakathi ucansi lomlomo) ngaphandle kokudalula isimo sabo se-HIV kuqala. | I-Class 1 | Isiqu sesi-3 | |
| Washington | Ukuhlose ukulimaza umzimba ngokuveza noma ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu | - | Ukuhlukunyezwa kweKlasi A |
> Imithombo:
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "Yisho imithetho yama-HIV." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-Julayi 15, 2013.
> Isikhungo soMthetho weNgculazi kanye neNqubomgomo, i-State and Federal Laws and Prosecutions kubuyekezwa ngoMeyi 2015