Iyini Indaba Ngendlela Yokushesha Yokugqugquzela i-Autism?
Soma Mukhopadhyay ungumama waseNdiya oye waba nekhono eliphumelelayo lokufundisa nokuxhumana nendodana yakhe ye-autistic, uTito. Ubiza le nqubo indlela yokuKhuthaza okuKhuphuka, noma i-RPM. UTito, manje osemdala, usalokhu ekhululekile , kodwa uye wakhula amakhono njengombongi, umbhali kanye nothisha. Le ndlela isebenza kanjani? Ingabe kufanelekile ukuzama?
Ukuthi i-RPM Yasungulwa kanjani
Ngo-2003, u-Soma Mukhopadhyay nendodana yakhe uTito bavezwe kwi-CBS 60 Amaminithi angu-II ukuhlola indlela yakhe eyingqayizivele yokwelashwa kwe-autism. Ngo-2008, i-CNN yaqhuba uhlelo olufanayo. Ebizwa ngokuthi i-Quick Rapping Method, yayihilelekile ukubuza imibuzo okuqhubekayo, okusheshayo, ukuxhuma, nokubandakanya, kuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kwebhodi elincane lezinhlamvu ze-alphabet zokuxhumana nge-spelled. Ngokusho kombukiso (futhi ku-Soma) le ndlela yavumela uTito, okokuqala, ukuba axhumane ngempela imicabango yakhe nemibono yakhe. Ochwepheshe abachaza ngokuphumelela kuka-Soma basikisela ukuthi mhlawumbe ijubane lokungenelela kuka-Soma liphazamisa ukuzithokozisa kwe-autistic futhi kuqinisa ukugxila emhlabeni omkhulu.
Lokhu kuboniswa, kanti omunye ku-PBS, wachaza ukuthi uPortia Iversen wafunda kanjani umsebenzi we-Soma futhi waxhumana naye ngamathemba ukuthi Soma angasiza indodana ka-Iversen ye-autistic, i-Dov. Iversen ungumkakhe womkhiqizi uJonathan Shestack; ndawonye, lo mbhangqwana wasungula isisekelo sokucwaninga esibizwa ngokuthi iCure Autism Manje (manje esengxenye ye-Autism Speaks).
Iversen kamuva waphuma encwadini okuthiwa uStange Son , echaza amasu ka-Soma futhi ethi RPM kanye "nokukhomba" (ebhodini lokupelomagama) bavumela i-Dov ukuba iqale ukuxhumana okokuqala ngqangi kumisho eyinkimbinkimbi, engqondweni.
Kusukela kushicilelwe iNdodana ye- Strange , i-Soma ne-Portia baye bahlukanisa izindlela, kodwa i-RPM ikhule ekuthandweni ngenxa ye-Soma inhlangano (Ukusiza i-Autism Through Learning and Outreach, noma i-HALO) newebhusayithi kaPortia.
Izimangalo ezenzelwe ukuphumelela kwe-RPM ekusizeni abantu be-Autistic ukuba bakhulume
U-Soma uthi ukusebenza kwakhe namaklayenti ase-Austin, eTexas, ihhovisi libavumela ukuba baziphathe ngokuzikhethela, bazikhethele phakathi kwezinketho, futhi baxoxisane lapho bephoqelelwe ukwenza kanjalo usebenzisa ibhodi lezinhlamvu. Funda manje unikeza izinhlelo zabazali kanye nokuqeqesha.
Inqubo, ngokusho kweHalo website:
... isebenzisa i-paradigm ethi "Phendula-Buza" ukuze ucele izimpendulo ngokusebenzisa izimpendulo ezizwakalayo, ezibukwayo, ezibonwayo kanye / noma ezithintekayo. I-RPM idinga amandla okukhulisa isithakazelo somfundi, ukuzethemba nokuzihlonipha. Ukukhuthaza ukuncintisana nokuziphatha komfundi ngamunye, futhi yakhelwe ukusiza abafundi baqale impendulo. Izimpendulo zabafundi zivela ekutholeni izimpendulo, ukukhomba, ukuthayipha nokubhala okuveza ukuqonda kwabafundi, amakhono okufunda futhi ekugcineni, amakhono okuxoxa. I-RPM iyindlela ephansi yezobuchwepheshe kulokho kudinga kuphela umfundisi, umfundi, iphepha nepensela kuphela. Kodwa isayensi ngemuva kokuthi kungani isebenza kwabanye abantu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ingabe i-RPM iphumelela ngempela?
Kukhona ucwaningo oluncane olubonisa ukuthi i-RPM iyindlela ephumelelayo yokufundisa abantu kwi-autism spectrum.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona izindaba eziningi zokuphumelela ezindala, eziningi zazo ezifakwe kuwebhusayithi yeHalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ochwepheshe abaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi i-RPM inomsoco ofanayo noKwaziswa Okufakiwe , indlela ekhona manje yokuthi abantu abane-autism abonakala sengathi "bakhulumisana" ngekhibhodi. Kwabe sekutholwa kamuva ukuthi okungenani amanye "okukhulumisana okukhulunywe" okwakubhekwe empeleni kwakuyinkinga ye "ochwepheshe" eqondisa izandla zomuntu ngamunye.
Isifundo esisodwa esilandelayo, esenziwa ngo-2012, sabona ukuziphatha okuhambisana ne-RPM. Nakuba lolo cwaningo luveza ukuthi ukuziphatha kungase kuhambisane nokufunda nokuxhumana, abacwaningi abaningana abasungulwe kahle babheka amaphutha ekutadisheni ngokwawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi nabo bafaka le caveat ephepheni labo:
Sichaza, okwamanje, umbuzo obalulekile wokuthi ngabe ukuxhumana okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwabiwa kwe-RPM kuyiqiniso. Inhloso yethu kulesi sigaba sokuqala, isifundo esilandelayo kuphela ukuhlolisisa imiphumela yokuziphatha eyohambisana necebo lika-RPM elifunayo kanye nenqubo: ingabe kukhona ukubekezela kwembiko ye-RPM ye-anecdotal? Uma imiphumela elinganiselwe ihambisana nezinqubo ezifunwayo, umbuzo wokuthi, kungobani, futhi ngaphansi kweziphi izimo i-RPM eyenza ukuxhumana okuvumelekile kungaba yindaba efanele yekusasa, ehlukile, isifundo esikhulu.
Ngo-2014, uMnyango wezeMpilo wezeMpilo waseWisconsin kanye nezinye ukukhubazeka kweNtuthuko , okwesibili, wathi akukho ukucwaninga okwanele ukusekela ukwelashwa. Kuye kwashicilelwa amaphepha amabili kuphela agxile ku-RPM, futhi: "Akekho kulawa maphepha ahlolisisa ukuhlola ukuphumelela kokumemezela okusheshayo."
Kufanele Uzame i-RPM?
I-RPM nokukhomba ayithwali izingozi zangempela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, azixhaswa ngokucwaninga okufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala kulula ukuthola imiphumela emihle ngokusekelwe ekukhulumisaneni okusemthethweni kodwa ngokulindelwe kwababelapha nabazali.
Ngenxa yethando lokucwaninga, abazali abaya e-Austin for services zika-Soma benza kanjalo ngesisekelo sobufakazi be-anecdotal kanye nethemba - futhi ngezindleko ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uqale i-RPM futhi "ukhomba" ngokwakho, ngokusebenza kusuka kumanothi, amavidiyo kanye nemiyalelo ehlinzekwe kuwebhusayithi ye-HALO.
Izwi kusuka
Indlela kuphela yokwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza yini ukuqala ngesisekelo sokuqala, ukusetha imigomo, nokurekhoda ngokucophelela izinqubo nemiphumela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama i-RPM noma enye imithi yokwelapha, qiniseka ukuthi usebenza nomhlengikazi wengane yakho ku:
- Hlola isimo samanje somntanakho esihlobene nokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma ukwelashwa kufanele kuzisize ingane yakho ukuba ikhulume, yiziphi amakhono akhe okuxhumana okwamanje? Ngabe angasebenzisa amagama akhulunywe? Mangaki? Kulungile kanjani? Angakwazi ukuthayipha? Ingabe usebenzisa ukuthayipha ukuxhumana futhi, uma kunjalo, kuhle kangakanani? Okungcono, uzofuna ukwazi ukuqhathanisa inqubekelaphambili yengane yakho kumgangatho wezinombolo (x ngaphandle kokuzama, X% yesikhathi, x inombolo yamagama, njll).
- Hlela imigomo ecacile nomthandi. Yini ngempela enethemba lokuyifeza nomntanakho, futhi uzizwa kanjani umgomo onengqondo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esinikeziwe? Isibonelo: sebenzisa amagama amathathu amasha ngokufanele ngaphakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha, noma sebenzisa i-spoon ngendlela efanele emivivinyeni emihlanu kokuyisithupha.
- Qhathanisa imiphumela yangempela kubhenkmark kanye nemigomo. Kulula ukuthi udokotela akutshele ukuthi "bheka, uJohnny manje uhlanganyele kakhulu futhi uxhumane!" Kodwa ingabe ngempela? Noma ingabe wayenjengezinyanga ezedlule? Ukuze uthole ukuthi, wena kanye / noma umhlinzeki wakho kuyodingeka ukuthi uhlole amakhono kaJohnny okwesibili bese uqhathanisa imiphumela ekuhloleni kwakho kokuqala kanye nemigomo oyibeke.
> Izinsiza:
> Chen, GM, Yoder, KJ, Ganzel, BL, Goodwin, MS, & Belmonte, MK (2012). Ukubheka ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe ukubandakanyeka nokufunda ekwelapheni amanoveli kwe-autism: ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola. Imingcele ye-Psychology , 3 , 12. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00012
> Elliot, uJames. Impi ngenqubo yokuphikisana yokuxhumana kwe-autism. I-Atlantic. Ngo-Julayi 20, 2016.
> Lang, uRussell. Ukuhlola okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugqugquzela okusheshayo kunamaphutha amakhulu okusebenza kodwa idatha ibonisa ukuthi cishe umphumela ukuthembela okusheshayo. UkuHlola okuHlangene noHlelo lokuThuthukiswa koMphakathi kanye nokuVikela. I-Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2014.
> Ukusiza i-Autism Ngokufunda nokuPhuma (HALO) Iwebhusayithi