Ukukhulumisana okuhlelekile kuyinkinga enkulu.
Ukukhulumisana Okuhlelekile kuyindlela eseduzane-debunked yokuxhumana nabantu abangekho amazwi e autism spectrum . Kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwekhibhodi kanye "nomgqugquzeli" omsebenzi wakhe ukusekela umuntu we-autistic njengoba bethayipha izimpendulo zabo kumbuzo, imicabango, nokukhathazeka. Kwezinye izimo, ukusekelwa kuhlanganisa ukuthinta ngokomzimba izingalo zomuntu we-autistic.
Ngabe abasekeli be FC bachaza kanjani inqubo
I-Syracuse University of Education of the Institute of Communication and Inclusion iyaqhubeka nokufundisa iFF njengendlela efanele yokuxhumana. Nansi indlela abachaza ngayo manje ukuthi bayishayela kanjani "ukuthayipha okusekelwe":
Ukukhulumisana Okuhlelekile (FC) noma UkuTlola Okusekelweyo kuyindlela yokukhulumisana okunye okungeyona eyengeziwe (AAC) lapho abantu abakhubazekile kanye nokukhubazeka kokuxhumana beveza ngokwabo ngokukhomba (isib. Ezithombeni, izincwadi, noma izinto) futhi, ngokuvamile, ngokuthayipha (isib. ekhibhodi). Le ndlela ihilela umlingani wokuxhumana onganikeza isikhuthazo esingokomzwelo, ukuxhaswa kokuxhumana (isib. Ukuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ubheka ikhibhodi futhi ahlole amaphutha we-typographical) kanye nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, isibonelo ukuphuza nokuzinza ukunyakaza komuntu, ukuvimbela ukukhomba okuphazamisayo, noma ukukhuthaza umuntu ukuba aqale ukukhomba; umgqugquzeli akufanele ahambe noma ahole umuntu.
Kuvame ukubhekiswe kwezinye izindlela njenge-Facilitated Communication Training ngoba umgomo uthayipha ngokuzimele, ukuthayipha okuzimele (isib. Isandla ehlombe noma ukuthinta okuphakathi) noma inhlanganisela yokukhuluma ngokuthayipha - abanye abantu baye bahlakulela ikhono lokufunda umbhalo ngokuzwakalayo futhi / noma ukukhuluma ngaphambili futhi njengoba bethayipha. Ukuthayipha ukukhulumisana kukhuthaza ukufinyelela kokuxhumana komphakathi, izifundiswa, nokuhlanganyela ezikoleni ezibandakanya nemiphakathi.
Umlando Wokuxhumana Okuhlelekile
Ukukhulumisana okuhlelekile kwaqala ukutholwa ngu-Australian Rosemary Crossley, isisebenzi sikaSt. Nicholas Hospital eMelbourne, e-Australia. Ngesithakazelo sika-1980 kule ndlela yayikhula. Uma kufanelekile, i-FC ingase ikwazi "ukuvula" izingqondo zabantu abangabonakali, okwenza bakwazi ukuxhumana imicabango yabo, imibono nezidingo zabo.
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1990, isithakazelo esikhulu kuFC sasiholela ekubonweni okubonakala njengemiphumela engavamile: abantu abangenaso ukubandakanyeka okubonakalayo emhlabeni bavele beveza imibono nemibono eyinkimbinkimbi. Kwezinye izimo, bebuye bechaza izimo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Ngemuva kokuphikisana okukhulu, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abantu abacatshangwa ukuthi "baxoxisana" babecishe babeqondiswa ngokomzimba ngabagqugquzeli babo.
Ngo-1994, i-American Psychological Association ngokusemthethweni yathi akukho bufakazi besayensi obusekela FC. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association kanye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics bakhipha izitatimende ezifanayo. Ukukhathazeka kwabo-ukuthi iF FC ingaba yingozi ngempela - yayisixhaswa lapho abantu abaningana be-autistic, besebenzisa i-FC, kuthiwa babethi babedlwenguliwe ngabanakekeli babo.
Ngemuva kokuphenywa nokudabuka okukhulu, amacala axoshwa.
Naphezu kokuthola okungahambi kahle nokuphikisana, isithakazelo ku-FC saqhubeka. I-Syracuse University, eyasungula i-Facilitated Communication Institute, yenza ucwaningo. Amadokhumenti, kuhlanganise ne-2005 Academy Award-ekhethwe i- Autism Is World , igcina isithakazelo somphakathi siqinile. Abacwaningi eSyracuse, kanye neYunivesithi yaseKansas kanye neYunivesithi yaseNew Hampshire (phakathi kwabanye) baqhubeka becwaninga FC ngokuqonda ukuthi kuyinkinga esemthethweni yokutadisha.
Icala elibhekene ne FC
Ngokuvamile, odokotela abavamile bayenqaba i-FC, nezinhlangano ezibandakanya i-American Speech-Hearing-Language Association, i-American Psychological Association, kanti abanye banezinqubomgomo ezithile ezichaza ukuthi iFC iyizinqubo ezingavumelekile ezingakwazi ukulimaza ngaphezu kokuhle.
Labo bantu abenqaba i-FC bathi i-FC facilitator - osekela ngokomzimba ingalo noma isandla se-typer - empeleni, ukufaka imicabango yakhe noma engazi lutho. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezo zizathu zifake izicelo ezingenasisekelo zokuhlukunyezwa kwabazali nabanakekeli.
Ukuze achaze isenzakalo seF FC, abanye abacwaningi baye baqhathanisa iFC nebhodi le-Ouija. Ibhodi le-ouija ibhodi elinamakhophi kulo. Abantu ababili babeka iminwe yabo emakethe, futhi imimoya yabafileyo kufanele iqondise izandla zabo ezincwadini ebhodini, ipela umlayezo ovela ngaphesheya ethuneni. Isikhathi esiningi umlayezo u-spelled out - kodwa ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi ngokwabo bahamba ngezandla ngokungazi.
Icala le FC
Labo bantu abasekela iFC njengethuluzi langempela lokuxhumana nabantu abangabonayo embukisweni we-autism baye benza ucwaningo lwabo siqu. Esikhathini esiningi, izifundo ezixhasayo ziye zagxila ekuhloleni kwesinye isifundo. Ukufakazela ukuthi u-typer, empeleni, ukuthayipha imicabango yakhe, babuza imibuzo ukuthi umsekeli akakwazi ukuphendula. Kwezinye izimo, u-typer empeleni washayipha izimpendulo ezenza kahle.
I-Institute for Communication ne-Inclusion ibala izinhlolo zocwaningo eziningi ezibukezwa kontanga njengalezo ezichazwe ngenhla, iningi lalapho kusukela ekuqaleni nangaphakathi kuka-1990 lapho iFC ithandwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo entsha kodwa efanayo ebizwa nge "Rapid Pointing" isize ukukhulisa isithakazelo esisha endleleni. Ukuchazwa okusheshayo kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe encwadini kaPortia Iversen ka- Strange Son, kanti iFC ingabonakala isenzo kuvidiyo ye- Autism: The Musical.
Kufanele Sizame FC?
Kuyilinga kakhulu umzali wengane ene-autism engekho emthethweni ukuzama i-FC (noma i-Rapid Pointing). Umqondo wokuthi kukhona ingqondo ebanjwe ngaphakathi kwengane yakho, nje ukulinda amathuluzi okuvela, iphoqeleka ngokweqile.
Kodwa ingabe umqondo omuhle ukuzama FC?
Ngenkathi zikhona izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo ezizohlinzeka ngoqeqesho lwe-FC (kufaka phakathi iSyracuse University), FC ayiyona yokukhetha yokuqala yokuxhumana. Ngaphambi kokubandakanyeka ne FC, kunengqondo ukuzama ukufundisa ingane nge-autism ukusebenzisa amasu awaziwa kangcono, aqondwa kangcono. Ezinye izinketho zihlanganisa amakhadi wesithombe , uLimi Lwezandla LwaseMelika, amathuluzi kagesi njengamadivaysi okukhuluma okukhushulwa, ama-digital pads, futhi, okwamanje, ukuthayipha okujwayelekile (okungasekelwe). Akuzona nje kuphela ukuthi lezi zinkambiso aziphikisana kakhulu, kodwa zisebenza kakhulu futhi ziqondwa kakhulu.
Uma kunjalo, amathuluzi ajwayelekile ahlulekile, iFC ingaba isiqondiso esingazama ukuzama. Uma uzama i-FC, qiniseka ukuthi uphenye umhlinzeki kanye nodokotela ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awusona isisulu se-scam.
Imithombo:
U-Elliott, uJames. >> Impi ngenqubo yokuphikisana yokuxhumana kwe-autism. I-Atlantic . Julayi 2016.Ingxenye yokuxhumana nokufakwa. Umlando wokuthayipha okusekelwe. I-Syracuse University. Iwebhu. 2016
> Trembath, D. et al. Ukuqapha: i-myth ilandela! "Ukukhulumisana okuhlelekile, umzali kanye nomsebenzi wokuziphatha ngokuqondene nomkhuba osuselwe ebufakazini, namandla okungaqondisi kahle. Ukuhlola Ukusekelwa Kwamaqiniso Okusekelwe Nokungenelela Vol. > 9 Issue 3.2015