I-Cisgenderism ukucwaswa ngokobulili
Ukwelashwa kuchazwa ngokuthi izifo ezimbili ezingapheli noma izimo ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kumuntu oyedwa. Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo yizifo ezivamile, okuyinto enengqondo ngoba ushukela ophezulu wegazi okhona egazini labantu abanesifo sikashukela uphela ukulimaza imizwa nemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo. Nakuba kunobunye ubufakazi ngaphandle kwalokho obangela ososayensi abaningi kanye nodokotela ukuba babhale i- autism kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili njengama-comorbidities, lobu buhlobo bubuhlungu.
Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo, ubuhlobo be-pathophysiological phakathi kwesifo sobulili nesifo se-autism akuqondwa kahle. Ngamanye amazwi, singaqagela ukuthi umuntu uthinta kanjani omunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushayisana kwezimo ezimbili kwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima nakakhulu. Futhi-ke kukhona inkinga yangempela ehlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili ku-autism kuyindlela ekhohlisayo yokubandlulula.
Ubulili Dysphoria Plus Autism
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuqonda kwethu, ukuxilongwa , kanye nesigamazwi kokubili ubulili besifo sobulili kanye ne-autism sekuguqukile.
Ekuqaleni okubhekwa ngokuthi u-transsexualism kanye nesifo sobulili esikhathini esizayo, ubuchopho besifo sobulili yisigama samanje kakhulu esibhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu ezwa ecindezelekile khona eceleni kokungaqondakali okubonakalayo phakathi kobulili obubelwe nobulili obuhlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-dysphoria bafuna ukuba omunye ubulili futhi bavame ukuthatha izinyathelo zokwanelisa lesi sifiso.
Isibonelo, umuntu onesifo sobulili obunesifo sobulili obanikezwa ubulili besilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa angase azizwe ecindezelekile ngalesi sabelo ngoba uzizwa engalungile futhi esikhundleni salokho ufisa ukuba owesifazane. Nakuba ubulili besifo sobulili buvame kakhulu kubantu abanikezwa ubulili besilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kubuye kwenzeke nakwabesifazane, ngezikhathi ezivela ku-1: 10,000 kuya ku-1: 20,000 no-1: 30,000 no-1: 50,000 emadodeni abelwe ukuzalwa nabesifazane abelwe ukuzalwa , ngokulandelana.
I-Autism, noma engaphansi kwe-colloquially kanye ne-autism spectrum disorder efanelekile, inqwaba yezimpawu, amakhono, nokukhubazeka okuthinta umphakathi, ukuziphatha nokuzimela. Abantu abane-autism bavame ukubonisa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezithakazelo ezilinganiselwe. Laba bantu bangaba nobunzima Ezimweni zomphakathi, esikoleni, nasemsebenzini. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, omunye kubantu abangu-68 une-autism.
Ucwaningo oluthile oluncane lwenziwe ukuzama ukulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-autism nobudlifiyasi. Isibonelo, ngo-2010, u-de Vries nozakwabo babike ukuthi amaphesenti angu-7.8 wezingane kanye nezinsana ezitholakale zibhekene nobulili besifo sobulili nazo zatholakala ukuthi zine-autism. Ngo-2014, iPasterski kanye nozakwethu bathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-5.5 abantu abadala abane-dysphoria nabo babenempawu ezibonisa ukuthi i-autism.
Ucabanga ukuxhuma i-Autism kanye ne-Sex Dysphoria
Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezizathu eziningana zokuxhumanisa i-autism ebuchosheni bobulili, kunokuntula kobufakazi obunzima obusekela eziningi zalezi ziqagelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi obusekela lezi "mbono" (ngokunembile, ukucabanga) kuzo zonke indawo futhi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuzihlanganisa zibe izingxabano ezihambisanayo nezihambelanayo. Noma kunjalo, ake sibheke ezinye zalezi zizathu:
- Ngokusho kwethethweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezobuchopho besilisa , abesifazane banamathele ekucabangeni ngezwi elizwelayo; kanti, amadoda ahlelekile kakhulu ekucabangeni kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga aphezulu e- testosterone (i-hormone yesilisa) esibelethweni iholela ebuchosheni obunzima besilisa noma ngesimo sabantu sokucabanga, okuholela kokubili i-autism kanye ne-dysphoria. Nakuba kukhona ubufakazi obulinganiselwe obusekela okunye okushiwo yi-theory eyinkimbinkimbi yobungqingili besilisa, ukuphikisana okukodwa ukuthi amazinga okwanda we testosterone okuholela ebuchosheni besilisa awachazi ukuthi kungani abafana abelwa ubulili, abanobuchopho besilisa, kakade bahlakulela i-autism kanye nobulili besifo sobulili uma kuvezwa emazingeni aphezulu e-testosterone. Esikhundleni salokho, laba bafana kufanele babe yi-hypermasculinized and more male in ukucabanga kwabo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sizathu sichaza ukuthi kungani amantombazane angathuthukisa lezi zimo.
- Ukulukhuni nokusebenzisana kwezenhlalo kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthuthukiswa kobulili obunesifo sobulili ezinganeni ezine-autism. Ngokwesibonelo, umfana one-autism ohlukunyezwa abanye abafana angase angathandi abanye abafana futhi abone amantombazane.
- Abantu abane-autism banenkinga yokuxhumana nabanye. Lokhu kunciphisa kungabangela abanye ukuthi balahlekelwe izinhla zokuxhumana ngokobulili obubelwe okungase kwandise amathuba okuthuthukisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Ngamanye amazwi, ngoba abanye abantu abatholi izinkomba zobunikazi obubekwe ngabantwana, ingane ayiphathwa ngendlela ehambisana nalokho okwenziwe ngokocansi futhi kungaba amathuba okuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-dysphoria yobulili .
- Ubulili besifo sobulili kungaba ukubonakaliswa kwe-autism, futhi izici ezifana ne-autistic-ezifana nazo zingadlulisa ukushada kwesifo sobulili. Isibonelo, ingane enobulili obesinikwa abesilisa kanye ne-autism ingase iqale ukugqoka izingubo zesifazane, amathoyizi kanye nemisebenzi. Eqinisweni, lokhu kubonakala sengathi ubulili besifo sobulili kungase kungabi yi-dysphoria nhlobo kodwa ku-OCD.
- Izingane ezine-autism zingabonisa ukuqina ngokuphathelene nokuhlukana kobulili. Kungase kube nesikhathi esinzima ukubuyisana umehluko phakathi kobulili obunikwe futhi obunokuhlangenwe nakho noma obufunayo. Lokhu kwanda ekucindezelekeni kungase kukhulise ubuhlungu besifo sobulili futhi kwenze kube nzima ngabo ukuphatha le mizwa.
- Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngokungafani neningi labantu abasha abanesifo sobulili kuphela, intsha ene-autism kanye ne- dysphoria ka-gender ngokuvamile ayidonseli kumalungu obulili abelwe ngokuzalwa (okungukuthi, i-homosexual subtype ye-sex dysphoria). Leli qembu labantu lingase libhekane nezinkinga ezinkulu ze-autism nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo.
- Esikhathini esedlule, abanye ochwepheshe bathi abantu abane-autism behluleka ukwakha ubunikazi-lokhu kwakunqatshelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukudideka ekuthuthukiseni ubulili umazisi noma indlela eguquliwe yokuthuthukiswa kobulili kungasiza ekwenzeni ubulili besifo sobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi nalutho emcabangweni nasekuzweleni, okuvamile kubantu abane-autism, kungenza kube nzima kubantu abane-autism ukuthi babone iqembu elithile lobulili.
Izinkinga zokwelapha
Nakuba singasaqondi ubuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kwe-autism nobuchopho besifo sobulili, akuzange kuvimise odokotela abathile ukuba bangaxilongo lezi zimo ezimbili ndawonye kumuntu ofanayo futhi baphathe lezi zimo, futhi.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sobulili kubantu abasha nge-autism kubhekene namathuba okuba nemiphumela engalindelekile futhi engaphenduki.
Ngisho noma kungakaze kube nemibono esemthethweni yokuvumelanisa noma iziqondiso zomtholampilo ezisemthethweni mayelana nendlela yokwelapha isifo sobulili kulabo abane-autism, ngo-2016, abacwaningi bashicilela isethi yokuqala yemikhombandlela yemitholampilo ku- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology esekelwe ekufakweni ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezincomo:
- Uma kungekho mtholampilo onekhono kokubili i- autism nokuxilonga ngokobulili, ukuhlangana okuhambisana nobulili besifo sobulili kanye ne-autism kumele kutholakale yithimba lomtholampilo elibandakanya ochwepheshe bobulili kanye ne-autism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukuthi kuthathe isikhathi esengeziwe ukuxilonga nokuphatha ukuhlangana kwezimo. Ngamanye amazwi, kungcono ukuthi ungaphuthuli ekutholeni izifo kanye nokwelashwa futhi ucabange izinto phakathi kweqembu labachwepheshe.
- Ukwelashwa kwesifo sobulili kanye ne-autism ngokuvamile kuvame. Ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa kwe-autism, intsha ingathola ukuqondisisa okungcono, ukucabanga okuguquguqukayo nokukhulumisana okusiza ekuqondeni ubulili. Izidingo eziphathelene nobulili kufanele zihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuqonda okulinganiselwe ngobulili kungenza kube nzima kumuntu onokuzivocavoca ukucabanga ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yezinqumo zabo. Izinsana kufanele zinikezwe isikhathi sokuqonda ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokobulili nokuqonda izidingo zabo nezifiso zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kunezinkulumo ezingezona zobuningi bobulili obudinga indawo yokuhlala. Mhlawumbe, osemusha onomdlavuza wesifo sobulili akasakhathaleli ukugqoka ngendlela engavumelani nobulili noma athathe elinye igama.
- Intsha kanye nabazali bayo kumele bathole ingqondo nokufundiswa ngokuphathelene nokubambisana kwe-autism kanye ne-dysphoria.
- Akukho ukuvumelana ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa okungadonselwa. Ukwamukela ukwelashwa kungase kube nzima kubantu abasha abane-autism kanye ne-gender dysphoria ngoba laba bantu banenkinga yokuqonda izingozi zesikhathi eside kanye nemiphumela engapheli yokungenelela ngokobulili. Umtholampilo kufanele athuthukise uhlelo olukhethekile lokuvuma ngezingozi nezinzuzo ezinikezwe ngendlela yokukhonjiswa, isinyathelo-esihlakaniphile nokufinyeleleka. Ukususwa kwentsha ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone kuyindlela enhle kwabaselula abavuma ngoba kuvuselelwa. Nakuba ngisho noma beyekekile, ama-hormone obulili ocansi angase abe nemiphumela engapheli. Abanye abacwaningi batusa ukulinda ukuphatha ama-hormone e-sex-sex and ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa kuze kube umuntu omdala lapho ubunikazi ubunikazi bucacile.
I-Cisgenderism
Ngenkomfa ye-Psychology ye-Women Section (POWS) ka-2012, uNatacha Kennedy unikeze inkulumo eyinhloko eyenza ukuphikisana okuqinile okuchaza ukuthi ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwe-autism nobulili besifo sobulili buyisimo se- cisgenderism noma ukucwaswa.
Ngokusho kukaKennedy, i- cisgenderism yamasiko ichazwa kanje:
- ukuhlehliswa kwesistimu nokuxazulula inkinga yabantu abathintekayo
- ukubaluleka kobulili
- ubhanari obulilili
- ukungaguquki kobulili
- ukufakwa kwangaphandle kobulili
I-cisgenderism yenkcubeko inika amandla futhi inike amandla umbukeli ukuthi ahloniphe umuntu olwa nobulili, ngaphandle kokufaka komuntu ngamunye.
Le nqubo iqala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa lapho ingane isabelwa ubulili futhi iqhubeka nayo yonke impilo njengoba abanye benza izinqumo mayelana nobulili bomuntu. Abantu baseTransgender baxilongwa futhi baphathwe ukuze kube nokuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle kobulili okuqinisekisiwe futhi kwenziwe. Noma kunjalo, le nqubo yonke ibheka ukuthi ubulili buyingqayizivele (noma owesilisa noma owesifazane), alinakuguqulwa, kubalulekile, futhi awunamanzi.
Nakuba kuhlangene nathi sonke, i-cisgenderism ayikhulumi kakhulu enkulumweni yeningi. Kwenzeka nje. Isibonelo, sibeka ngokuzenzakalelayo izibizo yena kanye nabanye, sibheke izingubo njengabantu besilisa noma besifazane futhi silindele abanye ukuba basebenzise indawo yokugezela yabesilisa noma yabesifazane.
I-adolescents nge-dysphoria yobulili ithatha lokhu ku-cisgenderism futhi iyaqaphela ukuthi ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ukuba abantu bangenzi izinqumo ezingavumelani ngokuqondene nobulili. Ngenxa yalokho, laba bafana banqanda izinqumo ezingezona ngokobulili ngenxa yokwesaba isahlulelo nokuhlekwa usulu.
I-Cisgenderism Ithinta Izingane Nge-Autism
Ngenxa yokuthi i-cisgenderism iyinhloko futhi ayikhulumi enkulumweni yomphakathi, izingane ezine-autism cishe azikwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma laba bantwana beqaphela i-cisgenderism, bangase bangakhathaleli. Ngakho-ke, lawa bantwana abane-autism cishe angenza izinqumo ezingavumelani nobulili eziqashelwa ngabanye ngokuthi ubulili besifo sobulili.
Kubonakala sengathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kufana nezingane nasebancane kokubili nangaphandle kwe-autism. Kodwa-ke, labo abane-autism ngeke bakwazi ukuzivimbela ngokwedlulele kwamanye amazwe aqhubekayo aqhubekisela phambili ama-cisgenderism. Ngokungafihli izintandokazi zabo, izingane ezine-autism zingase zibonwe njengezifo zesifo sobulili.
Ngaphandle kwe-cisgenderism yamasiko, uKennedy uthi abahlengikazi nabacwaningi baphinde baqhubekisele phambili ubuciko bokubheka ubulili njengokungabonakali, okungaguquguquki, nokubalulekile. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuhloswe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhomba ngendlela engavumelani nobulili. Ochwepheshe bahluleka ukubona ukuthi ubulili akuyona nje indoda noma owesifazane kodwa kunalokho i-spectrum.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe banikezela okuhlangenwe nakho kobulili obuhlukile ngokuzibiza ngokuthi "izigaba" ezizodlula. Cabangela iseluleko esilandelayo esivela ku-NHS, uhlelo lwezempilo lwezwe lonke e-UK:
Ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo lokuziphatha luyingxenye nje yokukhula futhi luzodlula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kulabo abanesifo sobulili obuqhubekayo buyaqhubeka besencane bese bekhulile.
Ngaphansi
Nakuba kubhalwe phansi, asikaqondi kahle ngokubambisana kwe-sex dysphoria ne-autism. Ukuzama ukukhomba ukuthi ubhekene nobani phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili akuqinisekisiwe. Ochwepheshe nabo abaqondi ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukuphatha lezi zimo ezimbili lapho behambisa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi imvamisa yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili phakathi kwezingane ezine-autism ilingana nezingane ezingenayo i-autism. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezingenayo i-autism zizovimbela isifiso sokwenza ngendlela engavumelani nobulili ngenxa yokulindela ubulili bomphakathi; kanti, izingane ezine-autism aziqapheli lokhu okulindelwe noma azikhathaleli.
Nakuba kungavamile ukukhulunywa ngakho, ubulili bubhekwa njengento ebalulekile, engaguquguquki, nobunambitheka kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi kubandakanya ochwepheshe abaqhuba izifundo nokunikeza ukwelashwa. Izwe lihlelelwe ukuboniswa kokubili ngokobulili: owesilisa nowesifazane. Sivame ukunikeza ubulili kwabanye ngokungacabangi, futhi ochwepheshe bazama ukuveza izinkulumo ezingavamile nezifo ezifana ne-sex dysphoria. Eqinisweni, kufana nokuzibandakanya kwezocansi, ubulili cishe buwuketshezi futhi bulele emgqeni.
Umphakathi ulindele ukuthi abantu bahambisane kahle emabhokisini amabili obulili, ngakho-ke kukhona izindlu zokugezela ezibesilisa nabesifazane, amakamelo okushintsha, amaqembu ezemidlalo nokunye. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukucindezeleka okwedluliselwa izingane kungase kubangelwe ukulindela jikelele ukuthi ubulili buyingqayizivele. Mhlawumbe, uma umphakathi ukwemukelwa kangcono futhi wamukeleka ubulili, khona-ke lezi zingane zizozizwa zikhululekile futhi zingakhathazeki kakhulu.
> Imithombo
> Anna, IR, et al. Ubulili be-dysphoria ne-autism spectrum disorder: Ukubuyekezwa okulandayo. Ukubukezwa Kwamazwe Omhlaba We-Psychiatry. 2016; 28 (1): 70-80.
> Baron-Cohen, S. The Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism. I-TRENDS ku-Scientific Cognitive. 2002; 6 (6): 248-254.
> UGeorge, R, no-Stokes, M. "Ubulili Akusikho Ekuhambeni Kwami!": Ubulili bukaDisphoria ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder. Ku: Mazzone, L, noVitiello, B. Izimpawu Zengqondo Nezifo E-Autism Spectrum Disorder. ISwitzerland: I-Springer; 2016.
> Kennedy, N. Cisgenderism Cultural: Imiphumela ye-imperceptible. I-Psychology yabesifazane Ukubukeza Isigaba. 2013; 15 (2): 3-11.
> Strang, JF, et al. Izikhombandlela Zokuqala Zomtholampilo Zokusebenza Kwama-Autism Spectrum Disorder kanye nobulili Ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukungenwa kwe-Incongruence kuma-Adolescents. I-Journal ye-Clinical Child & I-Psychology ye-Adolescent. 2016; 1-11.