Ukushaya isisu kuhlobene eduze nesifo senhliziyo. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, ungase ulingeke ukuba ungayinaki noma uhlehlise ukwelashwa uma ungenayo izimpawu ezihlupha kakhulu. Kodwa, uma uthola ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungayinaki. Kufanele nakanjani uqiniseke ukuthi uya kuma-aphoyintimenti akho yokwelashwa anconyiwe ngoba isifo senhliziyo singaba nemiphumela emikhulu yezempilo, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu eziyingozi.
Izinhlobo Zezifo Zenhliziyo Ezihambisana Ne-Stroke
Isifo senhliziyo sibangela kanjani ukushaywa yisifo? Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo senhliziyo ezihambisana nesifo sohlangothi futhi zingabangela isifo ngenxa yokuxhumana okuphakathi kwenhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni.
I-Heart Rhythm Okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
Inhliziyo enempilo ibetha njalo, yenza inhliziyo ibe njalo. Inhliziyo ngayinye ngokuthembekile iphoqa igazi emzimbeni wakho cishe izikhathi ezingu-60-100 ngomzuzu.
Kukhona uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esibonakala ngenhliziyo engavamile. I-heartbeat engavamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-arrhythmia. Lapho inhliziyo iqhuma ngokungavamile, lokhu kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezenzakalo ezingabangela ukushaya.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-arrhythmia lubizwa ngokuthi i- fibrillation ye- atrial. I-fibrillation ye-atrial ibangelwa ukudubula kagesi okungavamile enhliziyweni ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwe-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo, etholakala egumbini lenhliziyo elibizwa ngokuthi i-atrium elungile.
I-fibrillation ye-ventricular ingenye ye-arrhythmias ye-cardiac ejwayelekile. I-fibrillation ene-ventricular ibonakala ngokudubula kagesi okungaqondakali kwenhliziyo.
I-Arrhythmias ifaka isandla ekushayweni ngoba lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokungavamile, igazi aligeli ngendlela efanele njengoba kufanele. Eminye yegazi ingase iqhume endaweni, esikhundleni sokugeleza kahle.
Lokhu kuqhuma kwegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-stasis, kugcina kuphela ama-millisecond, kodwa isikhathi esanele segazi ukwenza ama-clots.
Ama-clots egazi awakhiwa angakwazi ukuhamba esuka enhliziyweni kuya emithanjeni ye-carotid noma ebuchosheni, ephazamise ukusakazwa ebuchosheni futhi kubangele imivimbo ye-ischemic . Ukulimala kobuchopho ngezibhamu zesichemikhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni ngokusebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuguquguquka kwesisu. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwesifo se-ischemic kungase kuvele ngemivimbo ebangelwa isifo senhliziyo.
Ama-Arrhythmias atholakalayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo. Uma udokotela wakho elalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope , ulalela isigqi, ngakho-ke angakwazi ukuthola ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ibetha ngesigqi esivamile noma esingavamile. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nezivivinyo zokuxilonga ezifana ne-electrocardiogram (EKG), i-echocardiogram, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka noma umqapha we-Holter kungadingeka ukuthi uhloniphe kangcono iphethini kanye nesibangela senkinga yesigqi.
Ama-arrhythmias amaningi ayaphathwa ngemithi noma ukuhlinzwa. Uma une-arrhythmia, kungase kudingeke uthathe igazi elincane ukuze usize ukuvimbela isifo, ngisho noma uthola ukwelashwa nge-heartbeat yakho engavamile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-arrhythmia ngokwayo kungase kungasebenzi ngokuphelele. Ukuhlinzwa noma imishanguzo ye-arrhythmia ngokubambisana negazi egcizelele igazi kutholakale ukuthi iyasebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni imivimbo kunokwelashwa kwe-arrhythmia ngaphandle kwegazi elincane.
Ukungaphumeleli Inhliziyo
Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yiwona amagama asetshenziselwa ukuchaza inhliziyo uma ebuthakathaka futhi engasebenzi kahle. Abantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuxoshwa cishe cishe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ukubhekana nesifo esingaphezu kwabantu abangenayo ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kubangela izimpawu eziningi, kuhlanganise ukukhathala, amandla aphansi, nokuphefumula.
Lezi zimpawu ziwumphumela wokulethwa kwegazi okungenasiphelo emzimbeni ngenxa yobuthakathaka besisu senhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abanesifo senhliziyo banesifo senhliziyo esiphuthumayo, okuyinto imizamo yenhliziyo yokukhokhela isenzo sokubuthaka esibuthakathaka senhliziyo.
Incazelo yenhlangano phakathi kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nokushaya isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlobene nezinto eziningi. Enye yezindlela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okwenza ukuba uhlaselwe yizimpendulo zomzimba we-physiologic ekuhlinzekeni okwanele kwe-oksijini nomsebenzi wezinhliziyo ezibuyisela. Umzimba uzama ukukhokhela lezi zinkinga ngokukhulula ama-hormone amaningi enza ukuthi igazi livame ukugqamuka, okubangela ukushaywa.
Enye indlela umzimba ozama ngayo ukubuyisela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokuguqula ukucindezeleka kwegazi ngezindlela ezingaholela ekushayweni. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungase kuholele ekwenzeni inhliziyo okungavamile noma okungaqondakali, okungabangela inhliziyo ukuba ihlanganise ama-clots egazi angaya emithanjeni ye-carotid noma ebuchosheni, iphazamise ukuhlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni futhi ibangele isifo. Futhi esinye isizathu sokuthi ingozi yokunyuka kwesifo ehambisana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo yukuthi izinqubo ezifanayo zezinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo zibangelwa nezifo zemithangu yegazi, okuholela ekubunjweni kwegazi kanye nemivimbo.
Izifo ze-Heart Valve
Ama-valves enhliziyo angaphansi kwezakhiwo ezincane ezisezindlini zenhliziyo nasemithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo. Lezi valve zisebenza ukugcina indlela efanele yokugeleza kwegazi njengoba ihamba enhliziyweni, ngaphakathi enhliziyweni, nangaphandle kwenhliziyo.
Ama-valve yenhliziyo ahlukumezayo angabangela imiphumela embi kakhulu. Igazi lingase livule noma 'libuyele emuva' ngendlela engafanele, okubangelwa ama-blood clots ngenxa ye-stasis. Igazi, i-cholesterol nezinye izinto zingabamba futhi zifake ukukhula okuncane kumagesi. Lezi zikhula zingagqamuka futhi ekugcineni zihambele ebuchosheni, zivimbele izitsha ezincane zegazi ebuchosheni, ziphazamise ukugeleza kwegazi futhi zidale imivimbo ye-ischemic. Ama-valves enhliziyo angathatha igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, athumele izidakamizwa kanye nezinto ezinamathele ezingavimbela imithwalo yegazi yobuchopho.
Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo ziyabonakala ngesikhathi sokuqashwa kwezokwelapha uma udokotela wakho elalela inhliziyo yakho umsindo nge stethoscope. Amaphutha we-valve yenhliziyo abonakala ngokuhlukile, imisindo yenhliziyo engavamile. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nezivivinyo zokuxilonga ezifana ne-echocardiogram kungabona kangcono uhlobo oluthile lwesici se-valve senhliziyo futhi kusize ekwakheni uhlelo lokulungiswa kwe-valve, okungabandakanya imithi noma ukuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlaselwa Inhliziyo
Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, okubizwa nangokuthi i-infarction ye-myocardial (ukubulawa kwesisu senhliziyo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi) ngokuvamile kuyisenzakalo esibuhlungu esibonakala ukuphefumula okukhulu nokucindezela esifubeni. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yenhliziyo eyonakaliswe ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ukulimala kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwesifunda esonakele.
Uma ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kulimaza enye yezinhliziyo zenhliziyo ezilawula isigqi senhliziyo, i-arrhythmia ingenzeka. Uma ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kulimaza imisipha yenhliziyo, khona-ke inhliziyo ebuthakathaka emisipha yokunyakaza ingase iholele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Esikhathini sokuhlasela okukhulu kwenhliziyo, kungase kube khona ukuntuleka kwegazi okwanele ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angabhekana nesifo ngesikhathi esisodwa njengokuhlasela kwenhliziyo.
Ingozi yesikhathi eside yengozi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ingenye yemiphumela emibi eyaziwayo yalesi simo. Yingakho esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwe-post-heart kuhlanganisa ukubhekana nokuvimbela isifo, okuhlanganisa ukugcina izinga le-cholesterol enempilo nokucindezela kwegazi kuhla oluphakanyisiwe .
Izifo Zenhliziyo Nokuvutha
Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo nezifo ezivuthayo zenhliziyo akuzona ezivamile. Izifo zenhliziyo zandisa amathuba okuba nesifo sochungechunge noma isifo esibi kakhulu. I-endocarditis uhlobo lokuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwezicubu zenhliziyo. I-endocarditis ingase ihlotshaniswe nezinto ezinobungozi ezifana namagesi wezinhliziyo. Isifo se-valve esifana nesifo senhliziyo se-rheumatic enye ingozi ye-endocarditis yokutheleleka. Ukuphathwa kwe-endocarditis kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu kakhulu, futhi ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
Izinkinga zezinhliziyo ezingenayo
Izinkinga eziningana ezizalwa ezinhliziyweni zihlotshaniswa nethuba elikhulayo lokuba nesifo sohlangothi. Izimo zenhliziyo ezingenayo zivame ukubhekwa njengeziphambeko zenhliziyo ezizalwa ngaphakathi. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeziphambeko zenhliziyo ezizalwa ngaphakathi, kufaka phakathi ukukhubazeka kwe-valve yenhliziyo kanye nokukhubazeka kwesakhiwo semithambo yegazi enhliziyweni. Isifo senhliziyo esivame ukuzalwa esisodwa sivulekele noma 'umgodi' kule septum, okuyinto isakhiwo esahlukanisa amakamelo, abizwa ngokuthi amakamelo, enhliziyweni.
I-patent foramen ovale (PFO) iyisici esifundeni se-septum esahlukanisa i-atria efanele yenhliziyo kusuka e-atria yangakwesokunxele yenhliziyo. I-PFO ibilokhu ibhekwa njengengozi enkulu yokulimala iminyaka eminingi, kepha ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi lungase lube yingcosana yengozi kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambili. Njengamanje, abantu abane-patent foramen ovale abahlale bekwaziswa ukuba babe nokukhanda okuhlinzekwayo.
Iningi leziphambeko zenhliziyo ezibangelwa ukubeletha litholakala ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi izintuthwane zenhliziyo ezikhulile zikhuphula amathuba okuba nesifo ngesikhathi esencane, ithuba lokuba nesifo sokushaya isisu ngesikhathi esincane kuncane kakhulu.
Uma unesifo senhliziyo esisencane, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho wezingane uyitholile lapho usumntwana noma omdala osemusha. Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine ukuvakashelwa nesifo senhliziyo yonke impilo yakho kuze kube yilapho ususulwa ngokuphathelene nesici sakho senhliziyo esiswini.
Ungazi kanjani Uma Unesifo Senhliziyo?
Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo senhliziyo sinjani. Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo ziveza umuzwa wokukhathala, kuyilapho ezinye ziveza ukugqotshwa, kanti ezinye ziveza ukukhathala ngokuhambisana nokuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Isifo senhliziyo singabonakalisa ngesizungu .
Ngenkathi ezinye izimo zenhliziyo zingabangeli izimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zisezingeni eliphansi noma zisencane ekuqaleni, izidakamizwa zakho ezijwayelekile zihloselwe ukusiza ukuthola izifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nesifo senhliziyo. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uthole ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo kufanele uqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingeni lakho lamandla futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlela izivivinyo zakho eziphakanyisiwe ngokomzimba.
Izwi elivela
Isifo senhliziyo asivamile, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi akufanele uthathe ngokungathí sina. Uma unezibonakaliso zesifo senhliziyo, akufanele ukwephuze ukwelashwa. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha zesifo senhliziyo sekufikile futhi iningi lezinkinga zenhliziyo lingaphathwa kahle ukuvimbela imiphumela efana nesifo sohlangothi.
Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthola ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezempilo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga zezempilo zitholakale kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba zenze izinkinga ezinkulu.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuqokomisa ukubaluleka okubalulekile ezigulini zokugwema izimpawu kanye nemiphumela yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, i-Hauber AB, i-Obi EN, i-Price MA, i-Whalley D, i-Chang CL, i- Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Jul 13: 1-26.