Ukushaywa yi-ischemic uhlobo lwesifo sokushaya isifo esiwumphumela wokuntuleka kwegazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuhluke ngesifo esiwumhubhe , esibangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni. Cishe u-70-80% wezigubhu kukhona ukushaywa kwe-ischemic, kuyilapho ezinye izibhamu zinemikhuba ye-ischemic ne-hemorrhagic, kanti ezinye ziyingozi.
I-Ischemia ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, kuhlanganise nobuchopho, lapho umshini ohlinzeka isifunda somzimba ngegazi uvinjelwe i-clot yegazi noma ezilimele ngendlela ephazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi.
Igazi eligeleza nge-arteries liphethe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ahambisa oksijini kumaseli aseduzane. Igazi eligeleza ngemithambo yegazi libuye linikeze amanzi, izakhi, namaminerali kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni, ngenkathi kususwa izinto ezidlulayo. Ngakho ukuphazanyiswa kwegazi kunemiphumela emibi ngoba wonke amangqamuzana emzimbeni adinga oksijini, amanzi, izakhi kanye namaminerali ukuze aphile. I-Ischemia ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, futhi uma kwenzeka ebuchosheni, ibizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic stroke.
Ukulimala okubangelwa yi-Iskemia kubizwa ukuthi akusizi
Ngokuvamile uma ischemia ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, izinguquko eziphilayo eziyingozi ziqala ukuqala. Lezi zinguquko eziphilayo zonakalisa ubuchopho ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-infarction, noma i-infarct. Ubuchopho buba nemiphumela emihle ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwamaseli obuchopho. Izinguquko zikhiqizwa ngokuvuvukala nokukhululwa kwezinto ezidakayo ezilimaza amangqamuzana, kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi abizayo okwenza ukuvuvukala, nokuguqulwa emithanjeni yegazi.
Isikhathi sokulimala kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni obuqalile kuqala phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa emva kwe-ischemia, sikhathele emahoreni ambalwa futhi siqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amahora angama-24-48. Ekugcineni, ukulimala okungapheli kungase kwenzeke esifundeni esithintekile sengqondo uma ukugeleza kwegazi kungabuyiselwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqashelwa ngokushesha kwezibonakaliso zesifo sofuzo nokuphulukisa ukwelashwa kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kuvimbele ukukhubazeka okukhulu esiqhingini.
Uma isifunda sobuchopho sibhekene nesifo esingenasici, abantu bahlangabezana nezimpawu zezinzwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wesifunda esingakhubazekile sobuchopho. Izimpawu zezinzwa zihambisana nendawo eyonakele ebuchosheni .
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamuva luye lwavumela odokotela ukuba baqaphelisise futhi baqonde kangcono inqubo ye-ischemia, esiza ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa okungcono ekuvikeleni i-neuro iziguli ezihlaselwa. Ukucwaninga endaweni yokuvimbela i-neuro ne-stroke ekugcineni kungabangela izindlela zokuncipha noma ngisho nokuqeda umonakalo obangelwa isifo.
I-Iskemia Yesikhashana
Lapho i-ischemia ivela, bese iphenduka ngokushesha, abantu bahlangabezana nokushaywa yesikhashana, okuvame ukubhekwa njenge-stroke mini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okudlulayo , noma i-TIA, ngoba i-ischemia iphela isikhathi eside futhi ayihlali isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukudala umonakalo unomphela. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana ne-TIA, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi yisibonakaliso sokuxwayisa esibonisa ukuthi usengozini yokushaya isifo, futhi uthole usizo ngokushesha .
Izici zengozi
Izingozi zengozi ye-ischemic zihlanganisa noma yisiphi isifo esibangela ukufakwa kwesimo segazi esingavamile noma noma yisiphi isifo esilimaza ukukhanya kwangaphakathi kwemithanguzo ebuchosheni (ubuchopho be-cerebral), okubenza bavame ukuvala.
Isifo senhliziyo, i- cholesterol ephakeme , ukubhema , isifo se-cerebrovascular , isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi okuyiwona wonke ama-risk factor for stroke ischemic.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo so-ischemic
Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngesifo sochungechunge lwe-ischemic kuhlanganisa ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokuphathwa kwengcindezi yegazi kanye noshukela wegazi kanye nokuphathwa kwegazi eliqinile. Ukuphathwa kabuhlungu kwesikhashana ischemic kubandakanya ukulondoloza ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuhle, ukuphathwa kwesifo senhliziyo, ukulawula ushukela egazini, ukwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi mhlawumbe ukuthatha igazi elincane ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezindwangu zegazi ezilimazayo.
Imikhuba ethile, njengokudla, ukuzivocavoca nokubhema kungathinta kakhulu amathuba okushaya ischemic.
Imithombo:
Ukusebenza kokwelashwa kokucabanga kwengqondo ebuchosheni obunzima be-ischemic, uVon Kummer R, Dzialowski I, Gerber J, Journal of Neuroradiology, November 2014
Isikhathi sesikhathi sokufa kwe-neuronal elandela i-endothelin-1 ischemia egxile ekuguleni, i-Nguemeni C, Gomez-Smith M, Jeffers M, Schuch CP, Corbett D, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, January 2015