Izinyembezi ziyisigqoko sokuvikela amehlo, ukugcina amehlo enomanzi, ukuhlinzeka izakhi ezibalulekile, nokuhlanza uthuli nezinye izinhlayiya. Uma amehlo engaboni izinyembezi ezanele noma ikhwalithi efanele yezinyembezi, umphumela wumgomo odokotela ngokuvamile abhekisela kuwo njengamehlo omile. Amanye amagama waleso simo afaka:
- i-keratitis sicca
- keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- i-xerophthalmia
- i-eye eye syndrome
Izimpawu Zama-Dry
Njengoba nje igama liphakamisa, lesi simo senza amehlo abe nomuzwa omile, oqhakazile, futhi onobuhlungu. Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:
- ukushisa
- ukushaya
- itching
- ubuhlungu
- ukuzwela ukukhanya
- ubomvu
- umbono ongenangqondo
- unomuzwa wokuthi kukhona ucucu lokungcola emehlweni
- ukuphuma kwezintambo ezivela emehlweni
Izinyembezi ze-Reflex
Amehlo anamekayo angabangela ngempela amehlo ukuba anamanzi. Lokhu kungenzeka uma amehlo ecasuliwe. Kufana nokukhiqiza okukhiphayo okubangelwa uma into efika esweni lakho. Zibizwa ngokuthi izinyembezi ze-reflex.
Izinyembezi ze-Reflex (uhlobo lwamanzi olwenziwa ngenxa yokulimala, ukucasuka, noma imizwelo) ayinayo izimfanelo zokugcoba ezidingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe amehlo omile. Ifilimu yokuphuza yenziwa ngamanzi, amafutha, kanye ne-mucus, konke okubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle. I-cornea, ehlanganisa phambili kweso, idinga izinyembezi ngokuqhubekayo ukuyivikela ekubhekaneni nesifo.
- i-anatomy iso yangaphandle nangaphakathi
- iso anatomy
Iningi labantu abanamahloni abomile baluthola ukufutheka okuncane ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Kodwa uma isimo sishiywa singalashwa noma siba sikhulu, umonakalo wamehlo nokulahleka kombono kungenzeka. Izinkinga ezinzima ngamehlo owomile zingabangela:
- iso lokuvuvukala
- ukutheleleka kwe-corneal
- ukuphumula
Uma izimpawu zamehlo ezomile zinzima, zingaphazamisa izinga lokuphila.
Abanye abantu bangase babe nenkinga yokugcina amehlo abo evulekile noma bangakwazi ukusebenza noma ukushayela. Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka.
Izimbangela ezivamile zama-Dry Eyes
Ukuguga
Ukuguga kungenye yezimbangela ezivamile zamehlo omile ngoba ukukhiqiza kwezinyembezi kunciphisa njengoba sikhula.
Izinguquko zamaHormonal
Iso elomile lithinta abesifazane abaningi kunamadoda ngoba izinguquko ze-hormone (njengalezo ezenzeka ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, ukuya esikhathini nokuya esikhathini) zinganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi.
Izingosi zemvelo
Izimo zemvelo zingabamba iqhaza ekwenzeni amehlo aphe; lokhu kufaka:
- umoya
- ukushisa
- uthuli
- umshini ongenisa umoya
- ukubhema ugwayi
- ngisho nezinwele ezomile zingenza amehlo ame
Abanye abantu bazuza ngokugwema izindawo ezinothuli, ezibhemayo, begqoke izibuko zelanga, besebenzisa i-humidifier ukuhambisa umoya ozungezile.
Akukona ukuphuza okwanele
Esinye isenzo esivamile asikhenyi okwanele, okwenzeka phakathi nemisebenzi efana nokubukela i-TV nokusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ubhala, ijaza amehlo ngezinyembezi. Uvame ukukhanya cishe ngemizuzwana engu-12. Izifundo zenzelwe abantu abadlala imidlalo yekhompyutheni, futhi bathola ukuthi abanye abantu baxubha kanye noma kabili emaminithini amathathu.
Imininingwane Yokuxhumana
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa cishe isigamu sabo bonke abantu abagqoka ama-lens oxhumana nabo ngamaso amile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-lens atholakalayo athambile, ehamba ngefilimu yezinyembezi ezihlanganisa i-cornea, athole izinyembezi emehlweni.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Laser Vision nezinye izinqubo
Iso elomile lenzekile noma libi nakakhulu ngemva kwe-LASIK nezinye izinqubo zokuhlinzwa, lapho izinzwa zomzimba ziqedwa ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwe-flameal flap. Izinzwa ezikhukhulayo zivuselela ukukhipha izinyembezi. Uma ngabe unamehlo owomile ngokugqoka amalensi oxhumana nabo noma nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu futhi ucabanga ngokuhlinzwa okuqhubekayo, lokhu kuyinto okufanele ucatshangelwe.
Imithi ethile
Amehlo amile angabangela nemithi ethile, kuhlanganise:
- antihistamines
- ukucindezeleka
- amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa
- ama-decongestants angamazinyo
- i-prescription ye-acne drug Accutane
Izifo ezizenzakalelayo
Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokuzenzakalelayo zingahlasela izinhlayizi zezinyembezi, njenge:
- i-lupus, isifo esizimele esingathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba
- isifo samathambo , isifo esibangelwa ukuvuvukala esibangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi kumalungu, kanye nemiphumela ehlelekile
- I-Sjogren's syndrome , isifo esizimele esisodwa lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibheka izigulane ezikhiqiza umswakama, okwenza ukuba umile omlomo nasemlonyeni
Ezinye izifo
Ezinye izifo nazo zingabangela amehlo abomile. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezithile zesifo se- thyroid zingaphazamisa ukukhanya. I-blepharitis, ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo, ingabaphazamisa ama-glands amafutha emehlweni.
Ukuxilongwa kwama-Dry Eyes
Odokotela bamehlo basebenzisa inhlanganisela yezikhathi zokuhlola izivivinyo kanye nezinye izivivinyo eziqondile zamehlo omile. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-Schirmer kusebenzisa umdwebo omncane wephepha elibekiwe emaphethelweni wezinwele ezingaphansi. Lokhu kuthatha ukuthi umswakama ungakanani emehlweni, futhi kuyasiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu benkinga. Odokotela bangase basebenzise idayi, efana ne-fluorescein noma i-rose bengal, ebeka iso ukuze ithole ubuso. Lokhu kuzokubona ukuthi ubukhulu beso buye buthinteka kanjani owomile. Esinye isilingo, isikhathi sokuphumula (TBUT), silinganisa isikhathi esithathayo ukuze izinyembezi ziphule ezweni.
Ukuphatha ama-Dry Eyes
Izinyembezi zokufakelwa
Umzila wokuqala wokwelashwa kwamehlo owomile uvame ukungaphezu kwamaconsi amancane e-demulcent, eyaziwa nangokuthi izinyembezi zokufakelwa. Lokhu kugcoba iso futhi kulula izimpawu. Izithako ezivame ukutholakala kule mikhiqizo zifaka i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, isithako se-Bion Izinyembezi ne-GenTeal, ne-carboxymethylcellulose, equkethwe ku-Refresh Plus ne-Thera Tears. Hlala ufunda izikhombisi-ndlela, kepha lemikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile njengento edingekayo usuku lonke.
Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uyokuqondisa ekukhetheni okulungile kuwe. Abanye abantu basebenzisa amaconsi ngamehlo abomvu, kodwa lokho kungenza amehlo aphule nakakhulu. Amehlo abomvu angabangelwa yizici eziningi, kusukela emzimbeni we-allergies kuya ekuthelelekeni kwamehlo, yingakho ukuxilongwa okufanele kubalulekile. Uma ugqoka ama-lens oxhumana naye, sebenzisa amahlaya okubuyisela ngokuqondile amalensi oxhumana nabo. Ezinye izinhlobo zamaconsi zingaqukatha izithako ezilimaza i-lens.
Restasis
I-Restasis (i-cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion) iyona kuphela umkhiqizo wokugulisa amehlo omile ongapheli. Kuvunywe yi-Food and Drug Administration ngo-2002, lo muthi ukwandisa ukukhiqiza izinyembezi, okungase kuncishiswe ngenxa yokuvuvukala emehlweni. Esivivinyweni somtholampilo esibandakanya abantu abangu-1 200, i-Restasis yandisa ukukhiqiza kwezinyembezi ngamaphesenti angu-15 weziguli, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-5 esigulini se-placebo.
I-Restasis ivame ukunikezwa kabili ngosuku, amahora angu-12 ahlukene. Akufanele isetshenziswe ngabantu abanezifo zamehlo noma ama-hypersensitivity ezingxenyeni. Akukahlolwe kubantu abane-infection ye-herpes ye-virus. Umphumela ovame ukwedlula wonke ukuzwa okuvuthayo. Ezinye imiphumela emibi ingafaka:
- ukubomvu kweso
- ukukhishwa
- amehlo enamehlo
- ubuhlungu beso
- ukuzwa komzimba wangaphandle
- itching
- ukushaya
- umbono ongenalutho
Amaphutha we-punctal
Kubantu abangazange bathole ukusizwa kwamehlo okomile ngezidakamizwa, ama-plug punct angasiza. Lezi zigcinwe abantu abanesilingo esilinganiselwe noma esinomile uma omunye ukwelashwa kungakanele.
Ehlweni ngalinye, kune-puncta ezine, ukuvuleka okuncane okukhipha izinyembezi zibe amathanga ezinyembezi. Ama-plug punctal afakwa ku-puncta ukuvimbela amanzi ezinyembezi. Abanye odokotela bazama amaphugi okwesikhashana okwenziwe i-collagen kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-plugs angapheli ngeke abangele ukugqwengula ngokweqile. Amaphakheji angapheli avame ukuwenziwa nge-silicone. Amanye ama-plugs avunyelwe ukuthi akhiwe ngezinto eziphathekayo ezisebenzayo. Ezinye zazo zifakwe ku-punctum njengetshezi bese zikhuni futhi zivumelanisa nesistimu yomsele womuntu ngamunye. Ezinye ziqala ziqinile futhi zibe zithambile futhi ziguquguquke, zivumelanisa nosayizi womuntu ngamunye uma zifakiwe. Izinyembezi zokufakelwa zivame ukudingwa emva kokufaka isikhwama se-punct.
Ochwepheshe bacindezela izingozi zamaphakheji ama-punct asincane kakhulu, kodwa kunengozi yokucasula amehlo, ukuphuza ngokweqile, futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka.
Amafutha okudoba
Ama-omega-3 fatty acid supplement supplements nawo anconywa kubantu abanamehlo abomile.
Imithombo:
Ukubhekana Ne-Eye Emile, yi-Michelle Meadows, i-FDA Office YezemiSebenzi Yomphakathi, Umagazini we-FDA Consumer, May-June 2005 Issue
Iso elomile. Association American Optometric.
http://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions/dry-eye#3