Ngokuningiliziwe nge-Hepatitis C
I-Hepatitis C yisifo esithathelwanayo esibindi esibangelwa igciwane le- hepatitis C (i-HCV) . Kuvame ukusabalala ngokuxhumana ngegazi elinegciwane, kepha lingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana kocansi noma kudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa .
I-Hepatitis C yisifo esithuthuka kancane esingahamba ngobukhulu kusukela ekuguleni okunomsoco, okufana noketshezi oluhlala isikhathi eside amasonto ambalwa kuya esimweni esingathí sina, sokuphila esingaphazamisa isibindi.
Kuzo zonke izigameko ezinhlanu, igciwane lizocaca ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka, lingabonisi izimpawu zegciwane egazini. Kulabo abagulayo abahlala khona, ngokuvamile kukhona okumbalwa, uma kukhona, izimpawu zokugula iminyaka-ngisho namashumi eminyaka-emva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Ezinye izifo, empeleni, azithuthuki.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-30 amacala, i-hepatitis C ingadlulela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i- cirrhosis lapho isibindi sonakaliswe khona kakhulu njengokunciphisa ikhono layo lokusebenza kahle.
Lokhu kungathuthukela esiteji esibizwa ngokuthi i- cirrhosis ehlisiwe lapho isibindi singabi khona ukusebenza.
I-hepatocellular carcinoma (uhlobo lwesifo somdlavuza wesibindi) luvame ukubonakala ezimweni eziphakeme ze-hepatitis C, ngamazinga asebenza ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-17 zomphakathi jikelele.
Izinhlobo ze-Hepatitis C Virus
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutholakala kwawo ngawo-1980, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukubona okungenani ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lwe-HCV, okubizwa ngokuthi i- genotypes . Ama- genotypes ayisithupha amakhulu ama-HCV asakazwa ngokungalingani emhlabeni wonke, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni ezithile.
E-United States, i-HCV i-genotype 1 ilandisa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-80 azo zonke izifo, ilandelwa yi-genotypes 2 no-3. Ngokuphambene, i-genotype 4 yiyona inhlobo enkulu e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kuyilapho i-genotypes 5 no-6 ibonakala kakhulu eningizimu ye-Afrika ne-Asia, ngokulandelana.
Ukuhlonza i-genotype kubalulekile ngokungabi nje kuphela ukubikezela inkinga yesifo, kodwa ekunqumeni ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ezizosebenza kangcono ekulwa nomhlobo oluthile lwegciwane.
Izigaba ze-Hepatitis C Infection
Inkambo yokutheleleka kwe-HCV ayinakulinganiswa kangako ngoba igciwane lingakwazi ukucacisa kwabanye abantu, libe yi-infection ephikisayo kwabanye, futhi liqhubeke nokugula okungathí sina kwabanye. Izigaba zokutheleleka nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi zivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi ziba nzima, ezingapheliyo, noma ekupheleni kwesigaba.
Ukutheleleka okunzima yilokho okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuvezwa futhi kubonakala ukuqala okusheshayo kwezimpawu . Endabeni ye-hepatitis C, izimpawu cishe "zithule," zinabantu abambalwa kuphela abazobhekana nokugula okuncane, okunomkhuhlane (ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye okuvezwa).
Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okunzima, i-HCV izogxila ikakhulukazi amaseli wesibindi okuthiwa i- hepatocytes. Njengoba igciwane liphindaphinda ngokushesha-elikhiqiza amakhophi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngosuku-kungabangela ukulimala kwesibindi ngokubulala ngokuqondile i-hepatocyte nangokuvuselela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ekukhiqizeni izifo ezilwa nezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i- lymphocytes, ebulala namaseli anesifo.
Kuphi lapho kusuka amacala angu-20 kuya kwangu-25 wamacala, i-HCV izokhipha ngokuzenzakalela ngaphakathi kwesikhala sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kulabo abangenalo, i-HCV izoqhubeka futhi iqhubekele kulokho okuyaziwa ngokuthi igciwane elingelapheki .
Phakathi nokutheleleka okungapheli, ukuvuselelwa kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba kubangela impendulo yokuvuvukala, okukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen nezinye izinto. Lezi zinto, okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa ukwakheka kwesibindi, kancane kancane zakha ngokushesha kunokuba umzimba ungabhidliza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo ibangela ukuqoqwa kwezicubu ezibomvu, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-cirrhosis ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-10 kuya kwengu-15 abantu abangenasifo.
Isigaba sokuphela kwesifo se-hepatitis C sichazwa ngokucacile njengesigaba sesifo lapho ingozi yokufa ikhuphuka ngenxa yokuhluleka kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi, noma izinkinga ezingezona isibindi ezifana nokuhluleka kwezinso. I-cirrhosis ehlukumezekile ne-hepatocellular carcinoma yizona zimo ezimbili ezivame ukuphela kwesigaba esiphathelene nokutheleleka kwe-HCV. Iziphumo zombili zombili ngokuvamile zihluphekile, zithatha isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda amaphesenti angu-50 namaphesenti angu-30, ngokulandelana.
Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kubhekwa ukuthi kuyindlela ephumelelayo kuphela yeziguli ezinesifo sokuphela kwesibindi, nakuba i-HCV iyaziwa ukuthi ibuyele emaphesenti angaba ngu-80 amacala.
Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Hepatitis C
Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis C kuqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okuthola amaprotheni avikelayo, okuthiwa ama-antibodies , aqondene negciwane. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 ukuze umzimba ukhiqize ama-antibodies anele ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi unembile. Ngaphandle kokuhlola okujwayelekile, ukuvivinya okusheshayo manje kuyatholakala, okungaletha imiphumela kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30.
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Ukuthatha i-Harvoni (ledipasvir / sofosbuvir) ye-Hepatitis C
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Izinhlelo Zokusiza Kwalabo Abangeke Bakwazi Ukubhekana Nemithi Yokushisa I-Hepatitis C
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C okwamanje kunconywa bonke abantu abadala abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka , kanye nanoma yimuphi umuntu ozalwa phakathi kweminyaka ka-1945 no-1965.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba C ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe lapho umuntu ekhombisa izimpawu zesibindi sokuvuvukala kwesibindi. Inkambo kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kunqunywe yi-genotype yesifo somuntu, kanye nesigaba esitholakale sokutheleleka.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kwe-hepatitis C yokwelashwa akuzange kumangalisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi i-HCV yaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1989. Namuhla, ama- anti-anti-virus asebenzayo amasha (DAAs) amasha nje ayenesifo esibi kakhulu futhi adinga ukwelashwa okufutshane, ashintshe ukwelashwa amazinga angaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-99 kwamanye amaqembu.
Nokho, ngokungafani ne- hepatitis A noma i-hepatitis B , akusekho umgomo wokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis C.
Izibalo zezwe kanye ne-Global Hepatitis C
Emhlabeni jikelele, abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-150 kuya ku-200 banesandulela ngculazi nesifo sofuba, noma cishe amaphesenti amathathu emphakathini. Ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwezifo kubonakala eNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseCentral naseMpumalanga Asia.
Nakuba ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuhlala umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka emazweni athuthukile, izinqubo ezingelapheki zezokwelapha-ikakhulukazi ama-injection engaphephile-zibhekwa phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hepatitis C ezweni elithuthukayo.
E-United States, i-hepatitis C namuhla iyisifo esithwala igazi, esithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.2 baseMelika (noma cishe amaphesenti angu-1.5 abantu abadala). Ukufaka ama-akhawunti wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-80 azo zonke izimo, kulandela ukuxhumana kocansi (amaphesenti ayishumi), ukudluliselwa komama kuya kwengane (amaphesenti angu-4), nokulimala kwenaliti (amaphesenti angu-2).
Cishe abathathu kwabaseMelika abane abahlala nesifo sofuba C namuhla bazalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965, ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi okungcolile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu okuhlola kuye kwehlisa ingozi enjalo engaphansi kwesigidi esisodwa kwezigidi ezimbili.
Nakuba izinga lokutheleleka e-US ngonyaka liye lazinza emacaleni angu-17 000 ngonyaka, inani lokufa liye landa, kunqoba i- HIV / AIDS njengesizathu esiholela ekufeni kwabantu abadala.
Emhlabeni wonke, i-hepatitis C ibangela ukufa kakhudlwana unyaka ngamunye kune-HIV nesifo sofuba kuhlangene.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Association ye-Study of the Liver Illness (AASLD). Ukuhlola i-Global and Regional Burden of Liver Illness. Washington, DC; ukushicilelwa okukhishwe ngoNovemba 3, 2013.
> Holmberg S, Ly K, Xing J, et al. Umthwalo Okhulayo Wokufa Ohlanganiswe ne-Viral Hepatitis e-United States, 1999-2007. Umhlangano Wonyaka Wama-62 we-American Association for the Study of the Liver Disease (AASLD 2011); I-San Francisco; Novemba 4-8, 2011, abstract 243.
> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. I-Hepatitis C Virus Infection. I-Rockville, e-Maryland; Kugcine ukubuyekezwa Okthoba 28, 2014.
> I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Isifinyezo sokugcina sokugcina: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C. I-Rockville, e-Maryland; eshicilelwe ngoJuni 2013.