Uma usuzwile igama leminyaka yepakethe, ngokwesibonelo, ekunqumeni ukuthi ungahlangabezane yini nemigomo yokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu (bheka ngezansi), ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini. Ake sibheke incazelo, futhi kungani, leli gama libaluleke kangaka.
Incazelo
Igama elithi "i-pack-years" liyisilinganiso sokuthi umuntu usebheke kangakanani. Njengoba umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlobene ngokuqondile nenani likagwayi ukubhema, ukusebenzisa iminyaka yepakethe kungasiza odokotela ukubona ukuthi yibaphi abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Akuyona nje umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa futhi inani leminyaka yepakethe umuntu abhema ngalo liwusizo ekuhloleni isifo senhliziyo, ezinye izifo zamaphaphu, kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nezinye izifo kanye namagciwane okubangelwa ukubhema.
Unyaka owodwa wepakethe wokubhema kungasho ukuthi othile usebheke iphakheji elilodwa lagwayi (ama-cigarettes angu-20) nsuku zonke ngonyaka owodwa.
Ukusebenzisa iminyaka yepakethe kusiza odokotela hhayi kuphela ukubala ingozi ebonakalayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa ingozi yeminye imikhawulo eminingi ehlobene nokubhema. Inombolo yeminyaka yepakethe nayo iyasiza kakhulu njengenani lemigomo yenombolo kagwayi ebhemayo uma ubheka izifundo zokubhema nezifo.
Inani leminyaka yepakethe libhema futhi ingozi yesifo ingaba nemingcele ethile. Isibonelo, ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi abesifazane banomthelela kakhulu kwi- carcinogens kugwayi ngoba abesifazane bebonakala behlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu emva kweminyaka embalwa yokupaka kunamadoda.
Ukubala i-Pack-Iminyaka
Ake sibuke ezinye izibonelo ukuze ukwazi ukubala inani leminyaka yepakethe oyibhemayo.
Uma i-N imelela inombolo yamaphakheji kagwayi ebhemayo nsuku zonke, kanti T imele inani leminyaka yokubhema, bese i-PY ilingana neminyaka yepakethe iyibhema. I-equation ibonakala kanje:
N x T = PY
Manje ake senze izibalo ezimbalwa:
UJill ubhema ipakethe engu-1 kagwayi nsuku zonke iminyaka engama-20. Unomlando wonyaka wepakethe we-20 wokubhema. Ukuphindaphinda izikhathi ezingu-N (1 pack) 20 (iminyaka ukubhema) kufana neminyaka engu-20 yepakethe.
UFrank wayephuza amaphakethe amabili egwayi nsuku zonke iminyaka engu-30. Ukuphindaphinda N (amaphakethe amabili) ngu-N (iminyaka engu-30, u-Frank unomlando wokubhema oneminyaka engu-60 wokupaka
U-Eleanor wayebhema ugwayi 10 (1/2 iphakethe) ngosuku ngeminyaka engu-30. Ukwandisa N (0.5 amaphakethe ngosuku) ngu-T (iminyaka engu-30, u-Eleanor unomlando we-pack of age-15 wokubhema.
Ingozi yomdlavuza we-Lung
Ngokuvamile, iminyaka eminingi yokupaka usuyibhemayo, iningi likwazi ukuthola umdlavuza. Uma inani leminyaka yepakethe lifakwa egrafu, kukhona cishe ubuhlobo obuhambisana phakathi kwepakethe-iminyaka nomdlavuza. Inombolo yeminyaka yepakethe ithi okuningi mayelana nengozi yakho kunokuba ubude besikhathi obhema.
Lokho kusho ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwepakethe-iminyaka yokubhema nomdlavuza wamaphaphu yizibalo, futhi abantu ngabanye "abayilandeli njalo" imithetho. Umdlavuza we-Lung uvele kubantu ababhemayo futhi empeleni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangasoze baphumela yiyona eyesikhombisa eyimbangela yokufa komdlavuza e-United States. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi lethu liyazi ngomuntu owayebhema kakhulu futhi engakaze abe nomdlavuza wamaphaphu
Paka-Iminyaka, Abangabokuqala Ukubhema, kanye Nengozi Yomdlavuza We-Lung
Ukusebenzisa isibalo seminyaka yepakethe kubalulekile kulabo abaye baphuza kodwa manje bayeke. Ngokungafani nesifo senhliziyo, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba umuntu eyeka ukubhema futhi engabuyeli esimweni esivamile.
Labo ababhemayo bayaqhubeka besengozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngisho nangamashumi eminyaka emva kokushiya. Ngamanye amazwi, uma unomlando weminyaka engu-40 wepakethe yokubhema, kodwa ushiye eminyakeni engu-12 eyedlule, usesengcupheni. Ungase ulungele ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uyazi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Le ngozi eqhubekayo ilula ukuyiqonda uma ubheka inani labantu abatholiwe namuhla okwamanje abhema.
Cishe amaphesenti angu-80 abantu abasanda kutholakala ukuthi ababhemayo, okusho ukuthi abazange baphuze, noma ukuthi bayeka esikhathini esidlule. Njengoba kuphela amaphesenti angama-10 kuya ku-20 amaphasitiki emaphaphu akhona kubantu abangakaze baphuze, inani elikhulu kunazo zonke labantu ababhekene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu namuhla bangabokubhema.
Ukuyeka ukubhema kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukunciphisa ingozi kunciphisa kancane kancane kunokunciphisa isifo senhliziyo.
Ingozi Yezinhliziyo Zezinhliziyo
Inombolo yeminyaka yepakethe omunye umuntu obhemayo ayihlanganisi nje ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa nesifo senhliziyo futhi. Eqinisweni, isifo senhliziyo senza inani elikhulu lokufa kwabantu abathuma, futhi ukubhema komswakama kungenzeka ukuthi kuholele esihlokweni senhliziyo kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ezinye izifo
Uma upheqa esikhathini esidlule, ungase ube nesithakazelo ekufundeni ngamanqamu amaningi ahlobene nokubhema kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezihlobene nokubhema .
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza
Muva nje, odokotela baye bafunda inani leminyaka yepakethe yokubhema ukuze banqume ukuthi ubani okufanele ahlolwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanomlando weminyaka engu-30 wokupaka, abaneminyaka engama-55 no-80 ubudala, futhi baqhubeke bebhema noma bayeke eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule, bangamalungu e-CT lung screening screening. Izifundo ezisebenzisa lezi zindlela ziye zathola ukuthi izinga lokushona lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lingaqedwa ngamaphesenti angu-20 abantu abahlangabezana nalezi zinqubo.
Isifo Sokugula
Amafomu manje atholakale lapho iminyaka-phakethe isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izimo ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ne-COPD. Ezingeni labantu, laba balawuli bangasinika ulwazi oluhle mayelana nengozi, kodwa kunemingcele eminingana lapho kubheka inani labantu ngabanye. Kunezici eziningi zobungozi bomdlavuza wamaphaphu,) noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu,) ongacatshangwa kulezi zibalo, futhi ingozi yomuntu ngamunye ingase ibe enkulu kakhulu noma ingaphansi kakhulu kunokuba ingabikezelwa ukusebenzisa lesi silinganiso sodwa.
Ukulinganiselwa
Ngenkathi inani leminyaka yepakethe umuntu ebhemayo kuyithuluzi eliwusizo ekunqumeni ingozi, akusilo iqiniso. Kunokuphikisana ukuthi isikhathi sokubhema kungenzeka sibe yisici esibalulekile sokucabangela, ikakhulu ekunqumeni ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuqala kokubhema kungadlala indima ebalulekile, isibonelo, abantu ababili abanengozi efanayo ebalwa ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yepakethe, lowo owaqala ukubhema ngesikhathi esingaphakathi kungenzeka abe engozini enkulu.
Izwi elivela
Njengoba usufuna incazelo yepakethe-iminyaka, ungase uzizwe ucabangele ngomlando wakho wokubhema (noma welungu lomndeni noma umngane.) Silapha ukukwazisa ukuthi ngisho noma uphuze esikhathini esedlule kukhona namanje izinto ongayenza ukuze uthuthukise kahle impilo yakho. Uma upheqa esikhathini esidlule, qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeze indlela yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uma ubhema, akukaze kube sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuyeka. Futhi kukhona njalo ongakwenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuze uthole imibono yokunciphisa ingozi yakho, ungadla ama-superfoods anganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni oluqinile lwesayensi.
> Imithombo:
> Blackmon, S., no-S. Feinglass. Izincomo ze-United States Preventive Services Task Force yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imitholampilo yezokwelapha . 2015. 25 (2): 199-203.
> Fucito, L., Czabafy, S., Hendricks, P. et al. Izinsizakalo zokuqeda ukubhema nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu: Isiqondiso somtholampilo esivela ku-Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence kanye neNhlangano Yezokucwaninga ngeNicotine noTuba. I-Cancer . 2016. 122 (8): 1150-9.
> Guaraldi, G. et al. Ukulunywa Kwamahlumela Nezinhliziyo Kungcono Okubikezelwa I-Pack-Iminyaka Kunokuba Isimo Sokubhema noma Isikhathi Sokubhema Ukuyeka Ukwelashwa Kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. PLoS One . 2015. 10 (12): e0143700.
> Peto, J. Ukuthi ukubhema kufanele kulinganiswe eminyakeni yepakethe: izimfundiso ezingalungile 4. I-British Journal of Cancer . 2012. 107 (3): 406-407.