I-chickenpox yintsholongwane yegciwane, okusho nje ukuthi kubangelwa igciwane elithile elisakazeka kalula kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu. Ngenxa yokugoma okuphumelelayo kakhulu ekuvimbeleni inkukhu , ukugula kuye kwanda kakhulu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile. Abantu abasha nabadala basagula ngenkukhu, kodwa, futhi kwabanye, ukutheleleka kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela zezinkukhu, ngubani osengozini yokuza nayo, nokuthi uzivikele kanjani uma uvezwe.
I-Virus
Igama lezokwelapha elibangela inkukhu ye-chickenpox yi-varicella zoster virus (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa odokotela nabacwaningi njenge-VZV). I-Varicella iyi-virus ye-herpes, ikubeka emndenini owodwa njengezinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka okunjengama-herpes okuzala ngokobulili kanye nezilonda ezibandayo noma izibhansela zemfiva.
I-VXV nayo igciwane elidala isimo sesikhumba esibuhlungu kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-shingles. Ngokungafani nezinye amagciwane, ngemva kokupheka kwezinkukhu, i-virus ye-varicella ixhomeke esimisweni sezinzwa kunokuba idlulele emzimbeni. Ama-shingles aqala kubantu asebekhulile ababenenkinga yezinkukhu njengabantwana uma igciwane lenziwa ukuba liphinde liphinde lisebenze.
I-Varicella yi-virus kuphela yabantu, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola inkukhu yezilwane ezivela esilwaneni, noma ubangele inja yakho noma ikati ukuba igule uma ugula.
Lokhu kuhle ukwazi ngoba ezinye izifo ezenza ukuqhuma, okufana ne-ringworm, kungadluliselwa phakathi kwabantu nezilwane.
Ama-virus afana ne-varicella enza abantu bagule ngokuhlasela amangqamuzana anempilo futhi basebenzise ukuphindaphindeka, ngakho-ke uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emzimbeni sibona ukuba khona kwegciwane emzimbeni, sishaya isenzo, sikhiphe izimpawu ezingahle zibe mnandi kodwa zenzelwe ukulwa ukutheleleka.
Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi umkhuhlane usiza ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba. Eqinisweni, umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezibandayo kanye nomkhuhlane zivame ukubonakala ngaphambi kokushaywa komuntu lapho umuntu ehla ne-inkukhu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu kubantu abadala, ngokusho kwamaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ngakho-ke, nakuba igciwane elithile libangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-chickenpox, izimpawu zilethwa ngendlela eyingqayizivele yokuthi amasosha omzimba aphendule igciwane.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Ngaphambi kokuba i-varicella idutshuke ibe yingxenye ejwayelekile yesimiso sokunconywa sokugonywa kwezingane, inkukhu yezinkukhu yayivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Futhi-ke, ngokusobala, into enkulu kakhulu engozini yokuthola inkukhu yezinkukhu yayiyingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-15. Manje izici eziyingozi zokuhlaselwa nge-chickenpox ziphelela ku:
- Ukungagonywa: Ukuhlangana noVZV uma ungagonywanga akuyona isiqinisekiso uzogula, kodwa ingozi iphezulu: I-CDC ithi ngamaphesenti angu-90 abantu abangenacala abangenawo igciwane ukuphefumula ngokugula. Ukuthola umuthi wokugoma wama-varicella we-dose ezimbili kuphumelela kakhulu: Ngokusho kwe-CDC, ngemuva kokudubula kokuqala, umgomo usebenza ngamaphesenti angama-85 ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-varicella. Ngemuva kokubili kokulinganisa, umgomo usebenza ngamaphesenti angu-98 ekuvimbeleni i-varicella.
- Ungakaze ube ne-chickenpox: Uma usuvele unesifo senkukhu, umzimba wakho uzokuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke, ngakho-ke ngisho nokuxhumana ngqo ngqo negciwane le-varicella akumele kukugulise. Kodwa uma ungakaze ube ne-chickenpox, usengozini enkulu yokugula uma uhlala nabanye abagulayo. Futhi, igciwane liyasakazeka ngokulula kalula, ikakhulukazi esiteshini esiseduze. Izingane ezingavunyelwe zengozi enkulu yenkukhu uma ihamba esikoleni noma isikhungo sokunakekela izingane, njengabafundisi nabanye abantu abadala abangazange bagonywe noma babe nokugula, isibonelo.
Ukukhathazeka Okukhethekile
Iningi labantu abathola inkukhu, ikakhulukazi izingane, abagula isikhathi esifushane (cishe ngesonto) bese belula ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Kodwa kukhona abanye abasengozini enkulu yokwenza izinkinga. Zihlanganisa:
Abantu abadala
Abantu abathola inkukhu okokuqala lapho bekhulile cishe bazoba nezibonakaliso ezinzima futhi, ngokusho kwe-National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), "abantu abadala banamathuba amaningi kunokuba izingane zife noma zibe nezinkinga ezinkulu uma zithola inkukhu."
Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezifakiwe
Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izingane ezine-leukemia noma i-lymphoma; noma ubani one-disorder-system disorder; kanye nabantu abaphuza imithi eyaziwa ukuthi igweme amasosha omzimba, njenge-systemic steroids noma imithi yokwelapha.
Amantombazane Abanikazi Babo Ababelethelwa Ngayo Virus Ye-Varicella
Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinsana ezingakabiphi ngaphambi kokuba zivulelwe i-varicella noma i-herpes zoster noma yikuphi phakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuba zizalwe ezinsukwini ezimbili emva kokuzalwa zengozini enkulu yokwelapha okunzima okubangelwa ukutheleleka. Ngokuqondile, ngokwe-CDC, lokhu kufaka:
- Izitha ze-esibhedlela ezizalwe emavikini angu-28 noma kamuva omama abangenawo amagciwane e-varicella virus
- Izingane ezibelethwe esibhedlela ezingakazalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa noma ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-28 noma ezilinganisa amakhilogremu angu-2,2 noma ngaphansi kokuzalwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikhulelwe kanjani
Abesifazane abakhulelwe abangenalo Umlando we-Chickenpox noma Ukugonywa
Ingozi lapha kubantwana abangakazalwa. I-NFID ithi umntwana ozalwa nowesifazane othola inkukhu ngesikhathi samasonto amabili okuqala wokukhulelwa unezithuba ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye zokuthuthukisa ukukhubazeka okunzulu okuvela emaceleni noma emilenzeni efinyelelekile noma emifushane; i-cataracts; usayizi omncane wekhanda; ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okungavamile; nokuphuza kwengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "I-Chickenpox (i-Varicella): Uhlolojikelele lweMitholampilo." NgoJulayi 1, 2016.
> CDC. "I-Varicella Vaccine Ukusebenza Nesikhathi Sokuvikela." Aug 30, 2012.
> I-National Foundation yezifo ezithathelwanayo. "Amaqiniso Nge-Chickenpox Kubantu Abadala." Jan 2012.
> Pergam, SA, Limaye, AP, kanye ne-AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. "Virus ye-Varicella Zoster." U-J J Ukutshala. Dec 2009; 9 (I-Suppl 4): S108- # 115. I-DOI: 10.1111 / j.1600-6143.2009.02901.x.
> I-University of Florida Health. "Imifudu ingaba yinzuzo." Mar 12, 2012.