Ngokungafani nezinye ezinye izifo zomdlavuza, akukwazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza we-ovarian. Kodwa-ke, izici eziyingozi (ama-hormonal, i-genetic, kanye nezindlela zokuphila) (kubandakanya isisindo) kungenzeka ukuthi bonke badlale indima-cishe inhlanganisela. Ukuqaphela ingozi yakho kungase kungakutshengisi ukuthi ushintsho ongakwenza ukuze unciphise ingozi kodwa ukwandisa ukunakekelwa kwakho kunoma yiziphi izimpawu ongazithola ukuze ukwazi ukuzikhulisa nodokotela wakho ngangokunokwenzeka.
Njengoba ufunda, kubalulekile ukukhumbula umehluko phakathi kokulungiswa (isici esiyingozi esihlotshaniswa nesifo) kanye ne-causation (leso sici esiyingozi sibangela lesi sifo). Ukuba nomthelela engozini yomdlavuza we-ovarian akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa lesi sifo, ngisho noma ingozi yakho iphezulu. Ngokufanayo, abantu abaningi abahlakulela umdlavuza we-ovarian abanalo yizici eziyingozi.
Izingozi Ezivamile Zengozi
I-Cancer iqala ngemuva kochungechunge lwezinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo (i-DNA) yamangqamuzana omdlavuza okubenza bakhule ngendlela yokungaziphathi kahle, cishe njengokungathi abafi. Izinombolo eziningi mayelana nokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka kuhlongozwa.
I-Estrogen Therapy
Lokhu kungandisa noma kuncishise ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovari, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo. Ukwelashwa kwe-hormone esikhundleni (HRT) kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovari, kodwa kuphela uma uthatha imithi ye-estrogen kuphela. I-estrogen / progesterone ehlanganisiwe i-HRT ayibonakali engozini.
Ukulawulwa Kwokuzalwa
Ukuthatha isisu somlomo (i-pilisi), ngokuphambene, kunciphisa ingozi yakho ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50, isikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa sihambisana nokunciphisa okukhulu. Lokhu ukunciphisa ingozi kuqhubeka okungenani iminyaka engama-30 ngemuva kokuyeka iPillisi. Ukulawulwa kokubeletha kudutshulwa (Depo-Provera) kuhlangene nengozi ephansi.
Ukuba nengane
Ukubeletha ingane ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-26 kunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-ovarian, njengoba uncelisa. Ukuba nomntwana wokuqala oneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35, noma kunjalo, kuhlobene nengozi ephakeme kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuphela kwesikhathi
Ukungena esikhathini sokugcina kwesikhathi kuhlobene nokufaka ingozi ephakeme. Kungenzeka ukuthi inani elikhulu lemijikelezo ye-ovulatory lidlala indima ekwakhiweni kwala makhansela. Ukuvuthwa kubangela ukuvuvukala, nokuvuvukala kuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza, kodwa indlela ecacile ayisaziwa.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-tubal ligation kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian ngamaphesenti angama-70 kwezinye izifundo, nakuba izindlela zalokho zingacacile. Ukuba ne-hysterectomy kunciphisa ingozi nge-one-third.
I-Endometriosis
I-Endometriosis , isimo lapho izicubu ze-uterine (endometrial) zikhula ngaphandle kwesibeletho, zihlobene nengozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-ovarian.
Ukungenzi lutho
Akuqinisekisiwe ngalesi sikhathi uma izidakamizwa zokuzala (njenge-Clomid) ziphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian, nakuba umlando wokungazalwa kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephakeme. Izifundo ezibheke emithini yokuzala kanye nomdlavuza we-ovarien azizange zithole ukwanda kwezingozi ze-ostean epithelial, kodwa kunalokho izivunguvungu ezingavamile kakhulu (futhi ngokuvamile ezingavuthiwe).
I-Genetics
Uma ubukele izindaba nezinkulumo mayelana nezinguquko ze-BRCA , cishe uyaqaphela ukuthi umdlavuza we-ovariya ungaba yifa . Kodwa kulolu suku nosuku lapho ukuhlolwa kofuzo kusha, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngomsindo phakathi kokuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Ukuba nesimiso sokuzalwa komdlavuza kumdlavuza akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa lesi sifo, ngisho noma uphatha izinguquko zofuzo.
Umlando womndeni
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa okunamandla kokuguqulwa kwe-BRCA kuyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza we-ovarian, akunjalo. Kunezinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovari, okuwukuphela kwawo okuyi-gene ye-BRCA.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ze-BRCA zokuguqula izakhi zofuzo, futhi ukuhlolwa kofuzo olusha olutholakalayo nje kuphela hlola ambalwa kulawa.
Uma unomlando womndeni we-ovarian umdlavuza (nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi lomndeni), ingozi yakho yanda. Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu kulabo abanesihlobo sokuqala esibe nesifo, njengomama, udadewabo noma indodakazi. Ukuba nezihlobo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa nesifo kuphakamisa ingozi ngaphezulu.
Nanka amanye amaqiniso abalulekile owaziyo maqondana nesimo sakho se-BRCA:
- Uma ungenayo i-BRCA engalungile: Unomdlavuza owengeziwe wokukhula komdlavuza we-ovari uma unesihlobo (nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi lomndeni) oye waba nesifo somdlavuza we-ovarian kanye ne -BRCA gene mutation. Futhi unengozi eyengeziwe uma unomlando wakho womdlavuza webele.
- Uma u-BRCA unempilo: Ingozi yakho yomdlavuza we-ovari isiphezulu kakhulu kunomuntu ngaphandle kokuguquka. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 abesifazane abashintshashintsha i-BRCA1 namaphesenti angu-20 alabo abane- BRCA2 ukuguqulwa komzimba kulindeleke ukuthi bathuthukise umdlavuza we-ovarian ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Umdlavuza we-Ovarian kulaba bantu nabo uvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esikudala kunalokho okwenziwe kulabo abangenawo ushintsho, futhi lezi zomshukela zivame ukuba namandla kakhulu.
Uma usola ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwegciwane le-BRCA kugijimela emndenini wakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ngubani okufanele abe nokuhlolwa kwe-BRCA . Uma ukhathazekile, ukubona umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo kubalulekile. Umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo angabheka amaphethini emndenini, kufaka phakathi nokuba khona kwamanye amagciwane angase ahlotshwe ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian (njengomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wekoloni, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza wesifo sofuba, nokuningi). Empeleni, abanye abantu bangase babhekwe njengengozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-ovarian esekelwe emlandweni wabo womndeni wezokwelapha ezinjalo kunelabo abanokuguqulwa okuwaziwayo.
Ama-Syndromes Emdlavuza Womndeni
Amaphesenti angama-10 ama-ovarian cancers ahlobene nomunye womdlavuza womndeni womdlavuza lapho kukhona ukuguqulwa kwesakhi sofuzo okwamanje. Amaningi alawa ma-syndromes ahlobene nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi i- tumor suppressor gene , okuyinto ikhodi yama-protein alungisa i-DNA ewonakele emaseleni. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Lynch Syndrome ( umdlavuza we-colon non-polyposis noma i-HNPCC): Abesifazane abane-HNPCC banamathuba angu-10 okuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-ovarian (kanye nomngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekoloni nomngcipheko olinganisela umdlavuza wesibeletho). Kunezakhi zofuzo ezihlukahlukene ezingahle zishintshwe kule syndrome.
- I-Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Le syndrome ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezakhiweni ze-STK11 futhi ihlotshaniswa nengozi ekhulayo yomdlavuza we-ovarian. Iphinde ixhunywe nokwakhiwa kwama-polyp polyps kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokwelapha amakhemikhali amaningi.
- Izifo zeCowden : Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tumor hamartoma syndrome, lesi simo sihlobene nokuguqulwa kwesakhi se-PTEN. Yandisa ingozi yezifo ezimbi ezibizwa nge- hamartomas , kanye nomdlavuza we-ovari, umdlavuza webele, nomdlavuza we-thyroid.
Ukuphakama
Abesifazane abade (ngaphezu kwamamitha amayintshi ayisishiyagalombili) banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wama-ovari kunabesifazane abancanyana. Ayaziwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene nokuphakama ngokwayo noma iqiniso lokuthi ukuphakama kuhlanganiswe nezakhi zofuzo ezenza njengengozi engozini yomdlavuza we-ovarian.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Izindlela zokuphila zingadlala indima ekwakhiweni komdlavuza we-ovarian, futhi eziningi zazo (ngokungafani nomlando womndeni wakho) zingahle ziguqulwe noma zilawulwe.
Ukukhuluphala
Ukwanda ngokweqile kuhlanganiswe nengozi ekhulayo ye-tumous low and grade invincible mucinous tumors (izinhlobo ze-epithelial umdlavuza we-ovarian) kodwa akubonakali ukwandisa ingozi ye-high-grade invasive kanous cancer. Ukukhuluphala kubonakala sengathi kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-premenopausal kunama-cancer a-postmenopausal.
Kunezinqubo eziningana eziye zahlongozwa. Enye ukwanda kwe-estrogen ehambisana nokukhuluphala (izicubu ezinamafutha zikhiqiza ama-androgens aguqulwa e-estrogens). Ukukhuluphala ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba umzimba ube namazinga akhuphukile e-insulini kanye ne-insulin-like growth factor-1 (i-IGF-1) engakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwezidumbu ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuluphala kwandisa ukuvuvukala, okuye kwahlotshaniswa nobungozi bokukhula komdlavuza.
Ngeshwa, abesifazane abakhuluphele noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile nabo basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-ovari lapho bekhona. Ukulahlekelwa amakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwangu-10 kunganciphisa ingozi yakho.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Talc
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi wesifazane kanye nama-powders aqukethe i-talc kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza we-ovarian. Ngenhlanhla, kulula ukuqeda le nkinga engozini.
Ukudla
Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha aphansi kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yomdlavuza we-ovari, kodwa kuye kwaba nobufakazi obuningi bokuthi ukudla kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Ngesithakazelo, i-curcumin, i-compound ku-curry isithako se-turmeric, ihlotshaniswe nengozi ephansi yomdlavuza we-ovariya kokubili kwizifundo zabantu kanye ne-labor lab. Nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka, uma uthanda i-spice, akukwazi ukulimaza ukukufaka ekudleni kwakho kaningi.
Ukubhema
Ukubhema kuhlotshaniswa nohlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza we-ovari: izicubu ze-mucinous epithelial. Noma kunjalo, kunikezwa inani elikhulu lamagciwane okubangelwa ukubhema , ukuyeka umqondo omuhle.
Ukuhlola
Ayikho imikhombandlela yokuhlola yalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukuhlolwa kuyadabukisa ukuthi akutholakalanga ukunciphisa ukufa kwe-ovarian ehlobene nokubulawa komdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki, njengokuhlinzwa okungadingekile.
Abanye odokotela bangase batusa kabili ngonyaka ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-CA-125 (kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yobudala engama-35 nanoma yimiphi iminyaka yobudala engaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi kunaleso sikhathi lapho isihlobo sitholwa khona) kulabo abanomlando womndeni wama-ovari noma ama-cancers ahlobene, noma labo abanezimo eziguqukayo . Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuwona umkhuba owodwa wezizathu ezifanayo. Ukususwa kwamatayipi nama-ovari (salpingo-oophorectomy) kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian ngamaphesenti angama-75 kuya kwamaphesenti angu-90.
Lesi yisona sizathu esiningi sokuqiniseka ukuthi uletha noma yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza we-ovaria , ngisho nalawo angenangqondo futhi engaqondakali, ukunaka udokotela wakho.
> Imithombo:
> Henderson, J., Webber, E., noG. Sawaya. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cancer ka-Ovarian: Umbiko Wokufakaza Obufakazi Nokubuyekeza Okuhlelekile kwe-US Preventive Services Task Force. I-JAMA . 2018. 319 (6): 595-606.
> National Cancer Institute. Izinguquko ze-BRCA: Ingozi yeCanscer and Testing Genetics. Kubuyekezwe 01/30/18. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet
> National Cancer Institute. I-Ovarian Epithelial, I-Tube yama-Fallopian, ne-Primary Peritoneal Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 01/19/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/hp/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq
> Seo, J., Kim, B., Dhanasekaran, D., Tsang, B., no-Y. Ingoma. I-Curcumin Ikhupha I-Apoptosis Ngokuvimbela I-Sarco / I-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2 + I-ATPase Umsebenzi Kumaseli E-Cancer Ovari. Izincwadi Zomdlavuza . 2016. 371 (1): 30-7.
> Tworoger, S., no-T. Huang. Ukukhuluphala kanye ne-Ovarian Cancer. Ukukhuluphala kanye ne-Ovarian Cancer . 2016. 208: 155-176.