Ukukhuluphala kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezifo eziningi ezingapheli, kuhlanganise nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili , isifo senhliziyo nesifo somdlavuza , ukubiza amagama ambalwa. Nakuba izinga lokukhuluphala ngokweqile lahlala lizinzile eminyakeni yama-1960 nango-1970, liye laphazamisa kusukela ngonyaka wama-1980, kuze kube yizi-2% kwezinkulungwane zabantu abadala base-US manje sezikhulu ngokweqile noma zikhuluphele. Ochwepheshe abaningi baye basho ukuthi isifo sofuba singase siphume ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokuphila e-United States ngekhulu lama-21.
Ukukhuluphala nokulindela kokuphila
Ucwaningo oluthile lwabadala abangaphezu kwesigidi e-US lithola ukuthi izinga lokufa lihlotshaniswa nombhalo wemizimba (BMI). Kulesi sifundo, izinga lokufa kusuka ezifweni zenhliziyo liphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abane-BMIs ephakeme. Inani eliphansi kunazo zonke zokufa kwabaphakathi kwabesifazane abane-BMI ye-22.0 kuya ku-23.4 kanye namadoda ane BMI ka-23.5 kuya ku-24.9.
Abanye abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi ukukhuluphala kubangela ukufa okungaba ngu-300 000 ngonyaka. Ukuqhathaniswa ngokweqile nokukhuluphala ebuntwaneni kubangele kakhulu: ikakhulukazi amadoda, ukutholakala ngokweqile ebuntwaneni kutholakale ukwandisa ingozi yokufa kunoma yisiphi isizathu.
Abanye abacwaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi, kulabo abakhuluphele ngokweqile, isikhathi sokuphila singancishiswa ngeminyaka engama-5 kuya kwengu-20.
Ukukhuluphala njengeNkinga Yomhlaba Wonke
Izinhlangano eziningi, kuhlanganise neWorld Health Organization (WHO), ziye zakhipha isimemezelo esenzweni ekuqandeni ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, echaza njengenkinga enkulu yempilo yomhlaba wonke.
I-WHO ilinganisela ukuthi okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,8 emhlabeni wonke bayafa ngonyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokugqithisa ngokweqile noma okugqamile.
I-WHO iphinda ithi ukusabalala kokukhuluphala emhlabeni wonke kwaphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-1980 no-2008, futhi lapho ukukhuluphala kwakukade kuhlotshaniswa namazwe aphezulu okuhola, manje kuhlotshaniswa namazwe aphansi naphakathi engenayo.
Ukukhuluphala kwengane kuye kwaba yinkinga yempilo yomhlaba wonke; ngokusho kwe-WHO, izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 zasenkulisa zazikhulu ngokweqile ngonyaka ka-2008, futhi izingane ezinamandla ngokweqile ziningi amathuba okuba zikhuluphele njengabantu abadala.
Eqinisweni, mhlawumbe okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wezwe, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala manje sekubangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele kunokufa ngenxa yokungondleki noma ukungaphansi komzimba. Emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kwezibalo ze-WHO, amaphesenti angu-44 ayisifo sikashukela, amaphesenti angu-23 esifo senhliziyo yesifo senhliziyo, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-41 ekhansayo angabhekwa ngokweqile nokukhuluphala.
Ukwelashwa ngokweqile nokuvimbela
Izibalo ezinjalo zenza ukwelashwa nokuvimbela ukukhuluphala kuphuthuma kakhulu. Abantu bangathatha izinyathelo ezilula ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala nokulwa nokuphila okuhlala phansi , ukuthola imisebenzi engokwenyama nsuku zonke nokuqaphelisisa ukudla. Ukuqeda imithombo ye- sugar added kanye nekhalori elingenalutho kungahamba isikhathi eside ekuqondeni ukulawulwa kwesisindo, nokuqwashisa okukhulayo kumazinga wendawo, kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe ekugcineni ukuqala ukuhumusha emigomeni yomphakathi kanye nenqubomgomo.
Uma unesisindo sokukhuluphala noma ukwedlula ngokweqile, qiniseka ukwazi ukuthi kunezinsiza eziningi ezingakusiza ukuba ulahlekelwe isisindo, uqale ingxoxo nodokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko mayelana nokuthi iyiphi indlela ezokufaneleka yona.
Khumbula ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-10 amaphesenti esisisindo esiningi kungabangela izinzuzo ezinkulu zezempilo, futhi akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuqala.
Imithombo :
U-Allison DB, i-Fontaine KR, uManson JE, et al. Ukufa konyaka ngonyaka okubangelwa ukukhuluphala e-United States. I-JAMA 1999; 282: 1530-1538.
Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, et al. Inkomba ye-body mass kanye nokufa kweqembu elizayo labantu abadala base-US. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1097-1105.
Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al. Iminyaka yokuphila ilahlekile ngenxa yokukhuluphala. I-JAMA 2003; 289: 187-193.
U-Olshansky SJ, i-Passaro DJ, i-Hershow RC, et al. Ukunciphisa ukuhlala esikhathini sokuphila e-United States ngekhulu lama-21. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1128-1145.
I-World Health Organization. Amaqiniso angu-10 ngokukhuluphala. Kufinyelelwe ku-intanethi ku- http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index3.html ngo-Okthoba 2, 2014.