Ukwelapha I-Melanoma Skin Cancer Kude Futhi Kuyinselele
Imithi ye-Interferon-alfa2b ye-melanoma yiyona kuphela isidakamizwa esivunyelwe ngalesi sikhathi. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kokuqala kwe- melanoma ukukhipha ukwelashwa kwanoma iziphi izilonda, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi indawo enkulu yokuziqhenya . Ngokuya ngesiteji se-tumor yakho, udokotela wakho angase ancoma ukuthi i- adjuvant (ngemuva kokuhlinzwa) yokwelapha ukunciphisa ithuba lokuthi i-melanoma izobuya (i-recur).
Isibonelo, uma i-melanoma isakaze kwelinye noma ngaphezulu kwe- lymph nodes yakho, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 ukuya kwangu-80 kungenzeka ukuthi i-melanoma izophinde ibuyele eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu elandelayo. Izinketho zokwelashwa ze- Adjuvant okwamanje zilinganiselwe: ukwelashwa kwe-interferon-alfa2b (i-IFN) yiyona kuphela izidakamizwa ezivunyelwe kuze kube manje. Uma i- oncologist yakho isikhuthaze i-interferon-alfa2b, lokhu kubuka konke kuzokunika ulwazi olubalulekile oludingayo ukuze uqonde ukuthi lusebenza kanjani, ukusebenza kwalo nemiphumela yaso emibi.
Qaphela ukuthi lolu lwazi lungase lumboze zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, ukusebenzisana noma imiphumela emibi yalesi sidakamizwa. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nanoma imuphi umuthi oyithathayo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlole nodokotela wakho.
I-Interferon-alfa2b
Futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-interferon-alpha2b, i-IFN ne-Intron A, i-Interferon-alfa2b yamukelwa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-1995. Isidakamizwa sivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-56 (amaviki ayisishiyagalombili) ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwabaguli abaneminyaka engu-18 noma asebekhulile ene-melanoma ebulalayo engenawo lesi sifo kodwa engozini enkulu yokuphindaphinda (i-tumor ibuya).
Iziguli ezisengozini enkulu yokuphindaphinda zihlanganisa labo abane-melanoma kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- Isiteji se-IIB - izicubu ezingaphezu kwe-4 mm (cishe i-1/6 yamasentimitha) ubukhulu obungenawo izilonda
- I-Stage IIC - izicubu ezingaphezu kuka-4 mm ubukhulu obunesilonda
- Isigaba IIIA, IIIB, IIIC - izicubu zingaba yisayizi kodwa isifo sesisakaze kuma-lymph nodes
I-Interferon-alfa2b ihlukile kunomuthi we-chemotherapy - empeleni iyinxenye yemvelo yesimiso somzimba wakho womzimba. Kuyaziwa ngokuthi i- cytokine , engamakhemikhali evame ukufihlwa ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama- leukocyte ephendula igciwane, amabhaktheriya, noma ezinye izimbangi zangaphandle. Ihlanganisela kwamanye amaseli futhi ibangele uchungechunge lwezinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi (eziningi zazo ezingaziwa), kuhlanganise nokunciphisa izinga lokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli nokunciphisa ikhono lamaseli ukuzivikela esimisweni somzimba.
I-IFN esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-melanoma ayiveli emzimbeni kepha kunalokho i-mass-eyakhiwe ebhokisatri esebenzisa amasu obuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo. Inezindawo ezifanayo njengenguqulo yemvelo kepha ngokuyisisekelo ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuvuselela" ngalesi sizathu.
Ubufakazi bokusebenza kwe-Interferon-alfa2b
I-IFN yiyona kuphela imithi yabantu abane-melanoma enobungozi obukhulu obuye baboniswa ukuthuthukisa kokubili ukusinda-mahhala okuqhubekayo (ukuhlala ngaphandle kwesifo kubuya) nokuphila konke. Izifundo ezintathu zaholela ekuvunyweni yi-FDA. Okokuqala, i-IFN ephakeme kakhulu iqhathaniswa nokwenza lutho: Kulesi simo, labo abaphathwa nge-IFN abazange baphinde baphinde baphinde baphile isikhathi eside ngokwejwayelekile. Esivivinyweni sesibili, i-IFN ephakeme kakhulu iqhathaniswa ne-IFN ephansi-dose futhi kwaba khona nokwanda okuphawulekayo kokusinda okungazange kube khona-inhlamba eqenjini eliphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho umehluko ekusindeni jikelele. Ekugcineni, lapho i-IFN iqhathaniswa nomuthi wokuhlola obizwa nge-GMK, imiphumela yacaca: iqembu le-IFN lalinokuthuthukiswa okungu-47% ekusindeni okungenasifo sokuphindaphindiwe nokuthuthukiswa okungu-52% ekusindeni jikelele.
Ezinye izilingo eziningi zokwelapha zenziwe (futhi zisenziwa) ngomzamo wokwandisa ukusebenza kwe-IFN. Ngeshwa, ezinye izifundo zakamuva azange zibonise njengomthelela omkhulu njengama-original - kanye nocwaningo olulodwa luka-2008 (olubizwa ngokuthi "ilanga le-Sunbelt") elingazange libonise umphumela we-IFN kwiziguli ezine-lymph node elilodwa elihle - ngakho ukusetshenziswa I-IFN iphikisana nodokotela.
Ngempela, oncologists eYurophu bebelokhu ngokukhethekile ukungafuni ukubeka i-IFN ngenxa yokucabanga ngenzuzo yayo encane kanye nobuthi obukhulu. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, qiniseka ukuxoxa nabo nodokotela wakho.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Interferon-alfa2b
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, i-IFN inikezwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili: ukungeniswa nokugcinwa. Ukwenyuka kuhilela ukuthola umthamo ophezulu esibhedlela nge-IV (intravenous) ukumnika ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-20, izinsuku ezinhlanu ezilandelanayo ngesonto, amaviki amane. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokunakekela, ujobe umthamo ophansi we-IFN ngokwakho ekhaya kathathu ngesonto ngamaviki angu-48. Ijojelwa nje ngaphansi kwesikhumba ( ngaphansi komcibisholo ), ngokuvamile ethangeni noma esiswini. Wena noma isihlobo uzofundiswa ukuthi unganikeza lezi zijovo ngumhlengikazi noma udokotela.
Imiphumela engase ibe khona ye-Interferon-alfa2b
Ukwelashwa nge-IFN kuyinde futhi kuyinselele. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqapha okufanelekile, ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso, nokunakekelwa okunamandla, kunganikezwa ngokuphepha futhi kulawulwa iningi leziguli. Imiphumela emibili ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ze-IFN yizimpawu ezifana nezifo eziwumkhuhlane (umkhuhlane, amahlumela, ama-muscle nama-joint aches) nokukhathala. Ukuze usize ukunciphisa lezi zimpawu, landela "ABCs":
- I- cetaminophen (iTylenol)
- Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi sokuhlela (yenza imijovo ngaphambi kokulala)
- C onserve amandla
- Dinkisa amanzi amaningi
- E ekudleni okulinganiselayo
- I- ocus e- F on the positive
Izimpawu ezinjenge-flu zivame ukwehla ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kodwa ukukhathala kuvame ukuqhubeka futhi kungase kube kubi nakakhulu.
Imiphumela emibi elandelayo ingaphansi kancani kodwa ibikwe kubantu abaningi abathatha i-IFN:
- Nausea, ukuhlanza
- Ukucasula isikhumba endaweni yomjovo
- Isizungu
- Ukucindezeleka, imicabango yokuzibulala, nezinye izinkinga zomzwelo
- "Izikhonkwane nezinaliti" uzizwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, okungaholela ekutheni kube nokutheleleka okungaphezulu nokukhulelwa kwegazi
- Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwesibindi
- Izinguquko enkundleni yenhliziyo nokucindezelwa kwegazi
Ezinye imiphumela emibi kungenzeka ngakho qiniseka ukuxoxa nabo nodokotela wakho. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu izophela uma ukwelashwa kwe-interferon-alfa2b kumisiwe.
Ukusebenzisana
I-IFN ingahle ibe yingozi kunezimo zakho ezikhona ngaphambili, ngakho tshela udokotela wakho uma unayo:
- I-hepatitis
- Noma yiziphi izifo zesibindi
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo samafutha
Inkomba:
"I-Melanoma." I-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. V.1.2009. 28 Januwari 2009.
"Ulwazi lwe-Intron A Ukubhala." I-Schering-Ipulazi. 28 Januwari 2009.
I-Ascierto PA, i-Kirkwood JM. "Ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant ye-melanoma ne-interferon: izifundo eziyiminyaka eyishumi edlule." J Transl Med 2008 6: 62-70. 28 Januwari 2009.