I-Cancer yeMungane Ihluke Kanjani Kwabesifazane?
Umdlavuza wamangqamu kwabesifazane uhlukile emdlalweni wamaphaphu emadodeni ngezindlela eziningi. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokungafani okubonakalayo ekubukeni kwethu, sivame ukwehlisa amadoda nabesifazane lapho sixoxa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuyisihlungu, ngoba izimbangela, impendulo ezikwelapha ezihlukahlukene, izinga lokusinda, kanye nezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ziyahlukahluka. Yiziphi ezinye amaqiniso ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane?
Izibalo
Umdlavuza we-Lung iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokubulawa komdlavuza kwabesifazane , ukubulala abesifazane abaningi ngonyaka kunomdlavuza wesifuba , umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-ovarian . Nakuba ukubhema kuyimbangela eyodwa, amaphesenti angu-20 abesifazane abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu akakaze abambe ugwayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza wamaphaphu cishe uzovela kulabo abababhemayo ngaphambili, labo abakhele umkhuba, kunabesifazane okwamanje ababhema.
Uma sekucatshangwa "njengesifo somuntu," umdlavuza wamaphaphu awusalubandlululo. Ngo-2017 kulinganiselwa ukuthi amadoda angu-116 990 nabesifazane abangu-105,510 bayotholakala ukuthi banesifo.
Nakuba ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuye kwehlelwa ngamadoda, bahlala besondelene nabesifazane. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kweqembu elilodwa. Umdlavuza we-Lung ukhula kwabasifazane abasha, ababheki nhlobo.
Umdlavuza wamangqamu kwabesifazane kwenzeka esikhathini esincane kakhulu kwabesifazane kunamadoda, futhi cishe ingxenye yesifo samaphavuza emaphashini kubantu abadala abasha besifazane.
Izimbangela
Ngisho noma ukubhema kuyimbangela eyodwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane, iphesenti ephakeme yabesifazane abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kukhona ukuphila okungapheli okungabhemi . Ezinye zezimbangela zingabandakanya ukungena ku- radon emakhaya ethu, ukubhema komshini wesibhamu , nezinye izimo zokungcola kwemvelo nezokusebenza, noma ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo .
Ucwaningo lwamuva luveza ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV) nakho kungadlala indima.
Isimo sokubhema
Ezinye, kodwa hhayi zonke, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abesifazane bangase banakeke kakhulu emagqabeni egwayi, futhi abesifazane bavame ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yokubhema.
Izinhlobo kuBesifazane nabesilisa
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi amadoda angakha umdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu omncane , omunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane, i- adenocarcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala kwabesifazane.
I-BAC (i-Bronchioalveolar carcinoma) , isimo esimiswe kabusha njengesimo se-lung adenocarcinoma, uhlobo olusavamile lomdlavuza wamaphaphu oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izimo ze-BAC (manje ezibizwa ngokuthi i-lung adenocarcinoma) zibonakala zikhula emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi kubantu besifazane abasebasha, abangabhemi.
Izimpawu
Sizwa ngezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ezihlukile kwabesifazane abavela emadodeni. Okufanayo kungabambelela emdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umdlavuza we-cell wamaphaphu omzimba (uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ovame kakhulu kumadoda kunabesifazane) lukhula eduze nemimoya yomoya futhi ngokuvamile luveza "izimpawu zakudala" zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, njengokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo nokukhwehlela igazi . I-Adenocarcinomas (uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane), ngokuvamile luya ezindaweni ezingaphandle zamaphaphu.
Lezi zicubu zingakhula kakhulu noma zisakaze ngaphambi kokuba zenze noma yiziphi izimpawu. Izimpawu zokukhathala, ukungena kancane kancane kokuphefumula , noma isifuba kanye nobuhlungu emuva emuva kokusakazeka komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwithambo, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Umsebenzi We-Estrogen
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-estrogen idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi ucwaningo lwenziwe ukuchaza lokhu okuqhubekayo. Abesifazane abanamaqanda abo asuswe ngokuhlinzwa ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini sokubeletha bangase babe engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone (i-hormone substitution therapy) ngemuva kokumisa esikhathini kungangandisa ingozi yokufa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ngokuphambene, ukusetshenziswa kwe-estrogen therapy kuphela kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yokufa ngesifo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okuvimbela ukubeletha kanye ne-hormone therapy esikhundleni (ngaphandle kwalabo abasebenzisa ama-hormone ngemuva kokuya esikhathini sokuhlinzwa) kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa phakathi kokufa kusuka, nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wemaphaphu, kusikisela ukuthi i-estrogen idlala indima eyodwa kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelapha wena nodokotela wakho ukhetha kuzovame ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yezokwelapha. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zisetshenziswa kanjani, zingasiza ukuchaza injongo yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene.
- Ukwelashwa kwendawo - Ukwelashwa kwendawo kuklanyelwe ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza emthonjeni wabo - endaweni yangakini - futhi kubandakanya ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe.
- Imithi yokwelapha - Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlelekile zenzelwe ukubhekana namaseli omdlavuza noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho, hhayi nje amaphaphu akho. Lokhu kubalulekile uma umdlavuza wakho usakaze ngaphezu kwamaphaphu akho, uma kukhona ithuba lokuthi okungenani amaseli ambalwa ahambele amaphaphu akho. Imithi yokwelashwa ihlanganisa i-chemotherapy, imithi ehlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy.
Ukwelashwa - Amakhondomu amaphaphu okuqala (isigaba I kuya esigabeni IIIA) ukuhlinzwa kunganikeza ithuba lokwelapha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza umdlavuza wamaphaphu okungase ukhethwe kuye ngobukhulu besisu sakho nendawo yaso. Abesifazane abanokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu bavame ukuhamba kangcono kunamadoda analezi zinqubo. Kwesinye isifundo, ukusinda okuphakathi komphakathi ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaphindwa kabili kwabesifazane njengamadoda.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa ngezizathu eziningana. Ekuqaleni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elingenakusebenza ngenxa yesizathu esithile, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i- stereotactic body radiotherapy (i-SBRT) ingahlinzeka ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukwenziwa (ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle ye-radium) ukuhlinzwa okulandelayo ukuhlanza noma yikuphi amaseli omdlavuza asele. Kungenziwa futhi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy ngomzamo wokunciphisa isisu kuya esayizi engasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nakho kungenziwa njengendlela yokwelashwa okunamandla - ukwelashwa okuklanyelwe ukuphulukisa umdlavuza, kodwa ukwandisa impilo noma ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zesifo. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-SBRT isetshenziselwe abantu abathile abanezibalo ezimbalwa kuphela ezibuchosheni kusukela esigabeni 4 somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile ukukhetha, ukususwa "kwama-oligometastase" ngale ndlela kuye kwaholela ekusinde isikhathi eside kwabanye abantu.
I-Chemotherapy - Abesifazane baphendule ngokomlando emithi emithi yokwelapha yamaphaphu engcono kunamadoda.
Imithi ehlosiwe - Wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu angewona omncane kufanele abe nokuhlolwa kofuzo (ukuprofetha kwamangqamuzana) ukuze afune ukuguqulwa okuguqukayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwelashwa kuyatholakala kulabo abanokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR , i- ALK rearrangements , kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kwe-ROS1 , kanti nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zihlolwe ezinkulweni zomtholampilo. Enye yezokwelapha ezintsha ezihlosiwe. I-Tarceva (erlotinib) nayo ibonakala iyasebenza kakhulu kwabesifazane.
I-Immunotherapy - I- Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha ethokozisayo yokwelapha umdlavuza , nemithi engu-2 kule mkhakha eye yavunyelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kusukela ngo-2015.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo - I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuthi abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bacabange ukuthi bahlanganyele ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo , Lezi zivivinyo azigcini nje ngokusiza ukuqhubekela phambili ucwaningo emdlalweni wamaphaphu kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi, zinikeza abantu impilo yokwandisa ukwelapha okungatholakali.
Isilinganiso sokusinda
Inani lokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane liphakeme kunamadoda kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Ngokudabukisayo, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda singamaphesenti angu-18 kuphela (cishe amaphesenti angu-12 amadoda), kodwa le nombolo cishe izokhula esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Isibonelo sokufanekisa leli themba, kwakukhona ukwelashwa okusha okuvunyelwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esiphakathi kuka-2011 no-2017, kunaneminyaka engamashumi amane ngaphambi konyaka ka-2011. Kungasiza ukukhumbula ukuthi amazinga okusinda anqunywa ngokusekelwe kwezibalo abantu basabela emithonjeni yomdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esidlule.
Ukusekela
Ngeshwa, kuze kube yamuva kwaba nokusekelwa okuncane okutholakala kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalokho okwakutholakala kwamanye amagciwane. Lena yindlela eyodwa lapho ukubhekana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungase kube nzima kunokubhekana nomdlavuza wesifuba (Yebo, ukubhekana nomdlavuza we-ANY kunzima futhi angikwazi ukubhala lokhu ngaphandle kokusinda umdlavuza webele.) Kodwa lokho umphakathi womdlavuza wamaphaphu ulahlekelwa ngezinombolo zakha ngokujula, futhi kukhona umphakathi omdlavuza wamaphaphu osebenzayo futhi osekela ngaphandle lapho. Hlola lesi sihloko ekutholeni amaqembu wokusekela umdlavuza wamaphaphu nemiphakathi yokusekela . Uma ngabe uxhumana nabantu, i-hashtag #LCSM ingakusiza ukuthi uthole abanye abhekana nezinselele ezifanayo. Njalo ngoLwesine nge-twitter kukhona "tweetchat" esihlokweni somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokungafani nanoma yini ngaphambili, lezi zingxoxo zinikeza ithuba leziguli zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, iziguli zabo, abagqugquzeli, umdlavuza wamaphaphu odokotela nabacwaningi, bonke baxoxisane ngisho nasezingeni. Funda kabanzi mayelana nomdlavuza womphakathi wamaphaphu (#LCSM.)
Ukuba uMmeli Wakho
Uma ngabe sizobiza inombolo yento eyodwa umuntu angayenza ukuze athuthukise ukusinda kwabo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kungaba ukuzivikela. Uma ubandakanyeka emphakathini womdlavuza wemaphaphu, uzohlangana nabesifazane abaningana abaphila kuphela ngoba bahilelekile futhi bafunda ngemithi emisha. Imithi yesifo somdlavuza isuke ishintsha ngokushesha, kanti odokotela bangabantu kuphela. Kunzima ukungahambisani naleso sifundo esisha nesilingo somtholampilo. Hlola lezi zeluleko zendlela ongacwaninga ngayo umdlavuza wakho ku-inthanethi , kanye nendlela yokuzimela ngokwakho kumdlavuza wakho . Ngokujabulisayo, akudingeki wenze lokhu kuphela. Ngaphandle komphakathi womdlavuza wamaphaphu, izinhlangano eziningana zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zenze isevisi yomlingani wekliniki yemayini yomaphaphu . Ngalesi sevisi samahhala, umgibeli wemoto angabukeza ukuxilongwa kwakho okuqondile futhi ahlole ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa okwenziwe noma kuphi emhlabeni okungase kube yinketho kuwe.
Ukusekela Othandekayo
Uma kungumngane wakho othandekayo oye wathola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu ungase uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ungenasici. Ungamsekela kangcono kakhulu othandekayo wakho ngomdlavuza? Thatha isikhashana ukungena ezicathulweni zakhe. Nasi isihloko esixoxa ngokuthi "sithini ngempela ukuhlala nomdlavuza" futhi sabelana ngemibono mayelana nokuthi yini abasinda emdlavuza wamaphaphu abafisa ukuthi amalungu omndeni wabo ayazi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ulalele futhi ube khona. Enye yezinkathazo ezinkulu zalabo abanomdlavuza ukuthi bazoba yedwa.
Ukuqwashiswa nokuXhaswa
Nakuba abesifazane abaningi besifa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomdlavuza wesifuba, imali eyengeziwe isetshenziselwa ukucwaninga umdlavuza webele. Abantu abaningi basebenza kanzima ukunciphisa inhlamba yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, ngokuqinisekile, ukwandisa kokubili imali eyimfihlo kanye nomphakathi yesifo.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi
Ngokujabulisayo, nakuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza kwabesifazane, kunezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho.
- Uma ubhema, shiya
- Gwema ukubhema umsizi wesibhamu
- Hlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon
- Ukuzivocavoca .
- Hlola lezi zinsuku eziphezulu ezinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , futhi, uma usuvele uhlala nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, thatha isikhashana ukufunda ngalokhu kokudla komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Amanani nezinombolo ze-Cancer 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
> Chlebowski, R. et al. I-Estrogen kanye nomdlavuza we-progestin nomaphaphu kwabesifazane be-postmenopausal (Ucwaningo lwe-Women's Health Initiative): ukuhlaziywa ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwesilingo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe. I-Lancet . 2009. Sep 18. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> Claque, J., Reynolds, P., Henders, K. et al. I-Menopausal Therapy Hormone kanye ne-Lung Mort-Specific Mortality Ukulandela Ukuhlola: I-California Teachers Study. PLoS One . Ishicilelwe ngo-Julayi 31, 2014.
> Kazmi, N. et al. Indima ye-estrogen, i-progesterone ne-aromatase emdlalweni womuntu ongasona omncane-wamaphaphu wamaphaphu. Ukulawulwa Kwegciwane Lungane . 2012. 1 (4): 259-272.
> Meinhold, C. et al. Izici zokukhiqiza nezama-hormonal kanye nobungozi bomdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu omnyama. I-International Journal of Cancer . 2011. 128 (6): 1404-13.
> Pesatori, A. et al. Ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu: ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kusuka ku-International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). I-British Journal of Cancer . 2013 Sep 3. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> Yao, Y. et al. Ukwelashwa kwama-hormone esikhundleni sabesifazane kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu: ukuhlaziywa kwemeta. PLoS One . 2013. 14 (8): e71236.