I- aortic aneurysm ukuhlanjululwa kwendawo ye-aorta, umthamo omkhulu emzimbeni. Isizathu esiyinhloko kubhekwa njengenkinga ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ama-aneurysms angahle aphule, okuholela ekuphumeni kwangaphakathi kwengozi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zingenzeka.
Ngokuvamile, ama-aurtic aneurysms athuthuka kancane kancane, esikhathini esiyiminyaka eminingana, ngakho-ke ungalokothi ukhule kuze kube yilapho ukuphuka kungenzeka.
Izimpikiswano ezinjalo zivame ukuveza noma yiziphi izimpawu.
Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, i-aneurysm ingakhula kakhulu kakhulu futhi ibe mkhulu kakhulu, ebangela izimpawu. Lezi zimpawu ziyisibonakaliso sokuthi ukuphuka kuyaba yinto engcono kakhulu. Lapho i-aortic aneurysm ivula ingozi yokufa iphezulu kakhulu-ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kungenziwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abane-aortic aneurysm badinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusheshayo ukuze ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokuhle ngaphambi kokuba kuqhumeke.
Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-aortic aneurysm ibangela izimpawu. Udokotela kudingeka badlale ngokushesha uma kukhona isiguli esinezici ezinobungozi ze-aortic aneurysm futhi ichaza izimpawu ezingase zibangelwe yi-aneurysm enjalo. Laba bantu kufanele bahlolwe ngokushesha. Futhi abantu abaye bathola ukuthi bane-aneurysm encane noma ephakathi kwe-aortic, futhi bahlolisiswa ngakho, kudingeka baqaphele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezizobheka futhi babike udokotela wabo ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo zezibonakaliso
Izimpawu ezibangelwa i-aortic aneurysm zithembele, ngezinga elithile, ukuthi i-aneurysm ye-thoracic aneorysm noma i-aortic aneurysm yesisu.
I-aorta akuyona nje isitsha esikhulu segazi emzimbeni, yiyona ende kunazo zonke. Iqala "phezulu" kwenhliziyo ukuze lapho inhliziyo ilahla igazi kusuka ku-ventricle yangakwesokunxele iphinde iqheke i-aortic valve ibe i-aorta, igazi ligeleza phezulu, libheke ekhanda.
Leyo ngxenye yokuqala ye-aorta ibizwa ngokuthi i-aorta ekhuphuka (njengoba iqondisa igazi phezulu).
Phezulu kwesifuba, nje ngaphansi komphimbo, i-aorta yenza i-U-turn-the so-called arch ye-aorta-bese ihamba phansi ngaphasi komgogodla, ngesifuba bese isisu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-aorta ehla.
Phakathi nobude balo bonke, i-aorta inikeza imithwalo yegazi eminingi enikezela ikhanda, izingalo, isithotho, kanye nezitho zomzimba. Ekugcineni, esiswini esingaphansi i-aorta ihlukana phakathi kwemithambo emibili ye-alkali, eqhubeka nokunikeza imilenze.
I-aneurysm ingathuthuka nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngenkathi i-aorta. Uma i-aneurysm itholakala ngaphezu kwe- diaphragm (imisipha yokuphefumula ngaphansi kwesithotho) ibizwa nge-aneurysm ye-thoracic aortic. Uma itholakala ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm, ibizwa ngokuthi i-aurtic aneurysm yesisu. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 e-aortic aneurysms anama-thoracic, namaphesenti angama-60 esiswini.
Izimpawu ze-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
I-aneurysm ye-aorta ekhuphukayo, i-aortic arch, noma i-aorta ehla ngenhla ye-diaphragm ibizwa ngokuthi i-aneurysm ye-thoracic aortic. Njenganoma iyiphi i-aortic aneurysm, lezi zivame ukuqala kancane futhi zikhule kancane kancane. Uma kuba nkulu ngokwanele i-aneurysm ye-thoracic aortic ingabangela izinhlobo eziningana zezimpawu, kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo nokuthi iziphi ezinye izakhiwo zomzimba zingase ziqale ukungena.
Lezi zimpawu ezingase zibandakanye:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba. Ubuhlungu be-chest obangelwa i-aortic aneurysm ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa ne-aneurysm ekhuphukayo, noma i-aneurysm ethinta umcibisholo. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlungu zesifuba, ngokuhlukana no- angina oluvamile , ngokuvamile aluhlobene ngqo nokuzikhandla.
- Ukuhlungu obusemhlane. Ubuhlungu obubuyela emuva obubangelwa i-thoracic aortic aneurysm kuvame ukuzwa phakathi kwamahlombe ehlombe, noma kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka nge-aneurysm ye-aorta ye-thoracic ehla.
- Ukuthuthumela. Ukususwa kwe-aorta ekhuphukayo noma i-aortic arch kungathinta i-nerryal nererve, ehlinzeka ngezingcingo zamagama. Kukhona umphumela wokukhubazeka ukuqhuma umzimba kungaholela ekudleni.
- Isikhukhula . I-aneurysm ye-aorta ekhuphukayo noma i-arch ingabangela ukuhamba emoyeni, ikhiphe ukukhwehlela.
- Dyspnea (ukuphefumula). Ngezizathu ezifanayo, i-aneurysm ye-aorta noma i-arch ekhuphuka ingabangela i- dyspnea .
Izimpawu zesisu se-Aortic Aneurysm
I-aurtic aneurysm esiswini esiswini cishe ayinamandla okubangela izimpawu kune-aneurysm ye-thoracic aneurysm ngoba kuningi "igumbi" eliningi esiswini ukuze i-aneurysm ikhule ngaphambi kokuthi iphathe ezinye izakhiwo zomzimba. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu, ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi i-aneurysm inkulu futhi / noma ikhula ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlungu obusemhlane. Ubuhlungu obubuhlungu obuvela e-aortic aneurysm yesisu kuzwakala engxenyeni engezansi engemuva, ngezansi kwe-diaphragm.
- Ukukhathazeka kwangaphakathi kwesisu. I-aurtic aneurysm esiswini esiswini ingaveza ukungathandeki okujulile, okungapheli, ubuhlungu, noma "ukugcwala" esiswini.
- Ukuzwa okuvuthayo. Uma i-aneurysm ye-aortic esiswini iba yanele ngokwanele, ingaveza ukuqhuma okucasulayo esifundeni senkaba.
Izinkinga
Uma ungakhulumi, lezi zinkinga kungenzeka.
Ukuphakama
Okuyinhloko futhi okude kakhulu ukuhlukumezeka kwesaba kakhulu kwe-aortic aneurysm kuqhuma. I-ruptured aneurysm ngokuvamile iyingozi, okuholela ekuphumeni okukhulu kwangaphakathi. Izimpawu zokuphuka ngokuvamile ziqala ngobuhlungu obunzima ngokungazelelwe esifubeni noma emuva, zilandelwa ngokushesha nge- palpitations , ubuthakathaka obunzima, nobukhulu obunzima, ukushaqeka nokulahlekelwa ulwazi.
Ukuwa kwegazi ngokwemvelo kuvame kakhulu kangangokuthi, noma ngabe kungenziwa umzamo wokulungisa ukubola, ukufa kuphezulu kakhulu. Uma i-aortic aneurysm izolungiswa ngempumelelo, lokhu kuhlinzekwa cishe kudingeke kwenziwe njalo ngokuhle ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume.
Ukususwa kwe-Aortic
I- dissection ye-aortic iyinyembezi emgqeni we-aorta, engenzeka kunoma iyiphi indawo yobuthakathaka odongeni lwe-aortic. Igazi eligeleza lingangena izinyembezi, ngokucindezela ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye zodonga lwe-aortic. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlakazeka okunjalo, ngokuvamile isisulu sizobhekana nobuhlungu obunzima, obunzima, obuqhaqhazayo noma obukhiphayo esifubeni noma emuva.
Umonakalo wangaphakathi wegazi nokulimala okuvame ukubangelwa ukuxubana kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo, isifo sohlangothi, noma omunye umonakalo wegazi, umonakalo wendikimba noma ukufa. Ukususwa kwe-aortic kungenzeka ngisho noma kungekho-aneurysm ye-aortic ekhona, kepha ukuba khona kwe-aneurysm kwenza kube lula ukuxuba.
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Aortic
Enye ingcindezi engabangela i-aortic aneurysm ukuvuselelwa kwe-aortic (i-aortic valve evulekile). Le nkinga ingabangela ukungafani kwe-aorta ekhuphuka, ngokushesha ngaphezu kwe-valve ye-aortic.
Ukwehlisa okukhulu kwe-aorta kule ndawo kungaphazamisa i-valve ye-aorti okwanele ukwenza i-valve ingasebenzi kahle. Abantu ababhekana nalokhu kunenkinga ngokuvamile babe nezibonakaliso zakudala kanye nezimpawu zokuvuselelwa kwe-aortic, kuhlanganise ne-dyspnea, ubuhlungu besifuba, ama-palpitations, ama- arrhythmias enhliziyo , nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo .
Ngokuvamile, kuba kuphela lapho laba bantu behlolwa ngokubuyiselwa kwawo okubonakalayo kwe-aortic ukuthi imbangela yangempela yenkinga-i-aortic aneurysm ekhuphuka-ibonakala.
Izindwangu zegazi
Kwezinye izimo, i-clot yegazi ingabumba ngaphakathi kwengxenye ehlanjululwe ye-aorta, lapho ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile kungaphazanyiswa khona futhi izindawo zokuhlaselwa kwezihlobo zingakhula. I-clot yegazi e-aorta ingafakaza (iphule) futhi ihambe cishe cishe noma yimuphi umzimba emzimbeni, ngokuvamile uveza umonakalo omkhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 I-ACCF / AHA / AATS / ACR / ASA / SCA / SCAI / SIR / STS / SVM Izikhombandlela Zokuthola Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kweziguli Eziphethe Izifo Zama-Thooric Aortic: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Imihlahlandlela, i-American Association ye-Thoracic Surgery, i-American College of Radiology, i-American Stroke Association, i-Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, kanye neSocial for Vascular Medicine. Ukujikeleza ngo-2010; 121: e266.
> Moll FL, uPowell JT, uFraedrich G, et al. Ukuphathwa Kwama-Aortic Aneurysms Iziqondiso Zokuzikhandla Emitholampilo Ye-European Society Ye-Surgery Ye-Vascular. U-Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 41 I-Suppl 1: S1.