Ama-measles akuyona ukugula esikubona okuningi kulezi zinsuku, kodwa sekubuyisela emuva eminyakeni yamuva. Izimpawu nezibonakaliso, ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela owomile, ukuzwela ukukhanya, nokukhwabanisa, ngokuvamile kubonakala ngaphezu kwesonto ngemuva kokuchayeka. Njengoba kunikezwe ingozi yokutheleleka kwezindlebe, i-pneumonia, nezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, kubalulekile ukwazi lezi zici nezinye izisimungumzimba futhi ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma ucabanga ukuthi uyathinteka.
Lokhu, kusobala ukuthi ikakhulukazi ukukhathazeka kulabo abangagonywanga. Nakuba imvamisa ingavamile e-United States, ukuqhuma kungase kwenzeke futhi igciwane lingenwe inkontileka uma uhamba kwamanye amazwe.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungathembela kolwazi olwakho lwesimungumungwane, futhi kukhona ithuba elihle udokotela wakho akakaze alibonele lona. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukutadisha ngegciwane kungasiza kakhulu.
Izinsuku ezingaba ngu-10 kuya kwezingu-12 emva kokuchazwa komuntu onesimungumungulu (nakuba lesi sikhathi sokukhushulwa singasuka ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-21), abantu abangenasikhukhunta emasimini bangathuthukisa izimpawu zesigqebhezana, ezinye zazo zifana nomkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi:
- Umkhuhlane, ovame ukuqala ibanga eliphansi futhi uqhubeka ukwandisa usuku ngalunye, ukuqhuma ama-104 noma ama-105 degrees ngosuku lwesine noma lwesihlanu lokugula nokuphula izinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva
- Ukukhwehlela okumile
- Iphutha le-Runny, ukunyundela, nokuxubana
- Olubomvu, amehlo amanzi kusuka ku-conjunctivitis
- Isithombephobia (ukuzwela ukukhanya)
- Isifiso esibi
- Izigulane ezivuvukalayo
- Ama-Koplik amachashazi, amancane, avule amabala abomvu nge-blue-white white dot evame ukutholakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ngaphakathi kwamathunga, nasezintweni ezithambile
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine, ngemuva kokuba umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izimpawu zesishukela ziqala, umuntu onesimungumzimba uzokwakha ukukhishwa kwesishukela.
Ama-measles asakazwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezine ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma ngezinsuku ezine ngemuva kokuthi kubonakale.
I-Measles Rash
Nakuba izifo eziningi zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza zihlotshaniswa nokushayeka, ukuqhuma kwesimungumungwane kunezici ezithile ezenza zihluke kulezo zinhlayiya zegciwane. Okokuqala, ngokungafani nezinye izifo eziningana zegciwane, njenge- roseola ne-inkukhu, okuvame ukuqala esiqwini, ukuqhuma kwesishukela kuqala ebusweni nasekhanda.
Ezinye izinto okufanele zibuke ngokuphathelene nokushaywa kwesishukela:
- Lokhu kukhwabanisa okubomvu, okuqhakazile kuzosakaza umzimba wakho noma umntanakho ngezinsuku ezintathu ezizayo, ekugcineni kufinyelele ezandleni nasezinyaweni emva kokuqala nxazonke zakho.
- Ngokuvamile lihlala cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine, ukuqhuma kungase kungabi mhlophe uma uqhuma kuwo.
- Izindawo, lapho ukukhishwa kwesimungumungulu kunzima kakhulu, kungase kuqale ukuhlunga.
- Uma ukuqhuma kuqala ukuhamba, kuzobe sekuphelile ngendlela efanayo. Izoqala ukuhamba eduze kwezingubo zakho zezinwele nobuso kuqala, isiqu esilandelayo, kanye nemikhawulo ekugcineni.
Kanti, ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, i-fever neyisimungulu ivame ukuqhubeka lapho ukuqhuma kuqhubeka. Eqinisweni, wena noma ingane yakho ingase ibonakale igula kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala lapho kuvela khona ukuqhuma, futhi kungase kungabi ngcono kangcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva uma umkhuhlane uphuka.
Izinkinga
Nakuba abanye abantu beqhubeka bethi imishangulela isifo esincane, singaba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Eqinisweni, izinkinga ezilodwa noma ngaphezulu zenzeka kumaphesenti angaba ngu-30 amacala. Ngenxa yomkhuhlane omkhulu nokucasula, izingane eziningi ziphela zidinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela. Abantu abaningi baphulukiswa emasimini ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa abanye banezinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa, futhi ngeshwa, abantu abambalwa abathola isisisi, ngokuvamile izingane, bafa.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokubhekana nezinkinga kubandakanya:
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu
- Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe
- Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela zomzimba
Izinkinga ezivamile ezingenzeka uma unesisisi kufaka:
- Izifo zendlebe: Lezi zenzeke ezizungeze 1 kwabantwana abayishumi futhi zingabangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa.
- Isifo sohudo: Lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezingu-1 kwabayishumi futhi kungaholela ekudambisweni kwamanzi.
Izinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kumasunisi zihlanganisa:
- I-pneumonia: Lokhu ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwesishukela kubantwana. Cishe 1 kwabangu-20 izingane ezinezilingisi zithuthuka i-pneumonia.
- I-Encephalitis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okwenzeka kubantu abangaba ngu-1 ku-1 000. Ihlanganisa izimpawu ezingaphezu kakhudlwana, njengemfiva, ikhanda, ukuhlanza, intamo eqinile, ukucasula, ukulala, ukuxubana, kanye ne-coma. Lokhu kunenkinga yokuyisimungulu kuvame ukuqala cishe ngezinsuku eziyisithupha emva kokuqala kokushiswa kwesishukela futhi kungaholela ekufeni, ekutheni, noma ekulimazeni kwengqondo.
- Izinkinga zokukhulelwa : Izimpukane zingabangela umsebenzi wokuqala, ukuzala okuphansi, ngisho nokukhulelwa kokukhulelwa.
- I-subacute i-panencephalitis e-sclerosing (i-SSPE): Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ebulalayo, kodwa engavamile ebangelwa igciwane lesingqimba esingenalutho. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-7 ukuya kwengu-10 emva kokuba nesimungumane, izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasha abane-SSPE bathuthukisa izimpawu ze-neurological eziqhubekayo, kuhlanganise nokulahleka kwememori, ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukunyakaza okungaqondakali, ngisho nokuhlukunyezwa. Njengoba izimpawu ziqhubeka, zingaba izimpumputhe, zenze imisipha enzima, zingakwazi ukuhamba, futhi ekugcineni zihlasele esimweni sokusitshalaliswa kwezitshalo. Izingane ezinesimungulu ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2 zibonakala zingengozini yokuthuthukisa le nkinga. Abantu abane-SSPE bavame ukufa eminyakeni eyodwa kuya kwemibili kokuqala ukuthuthukisa izimpawu. Ngenhlanhla, njengoba isibalo sesimungumungumungqungqangi sehlile ngesikhathi sokugoma, kanjalo nenani le-SSPE lokufa.
- Izimpikiswano: Ezingamaphesenti angu-0.6 kuya kumaphesenti angu-0.7 abantu, ukuhlukunyezwa noma ngaphandle kwemfiva kungabonakala njengengcindezi yesimungumungwane.
- Ukufa: E-United States, isisimubhe sibulala cishe ngamaphesenti angu-0.2 wamacala.
Izisulu zingabangela izinkinga ezibandakanya amehlo akho kanye, kufaka phakathi:
- I-Keratitis: Lokhu kuyisifo noma ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea, isakhiwo esicacile se-dome-like on the front of the eye. Izimpawu ze-keratitis zibukeka kahle, ubuhlungu, ubomvu, ukuzwela ukukhanya, nokuqothula. Ungase uzizwe sengathi kukhona isihlabathi esisesweni lakho. I-Keratitis ingaba yinkimbinkimbi enzima kakhulu yesimungumungane ngoba izibazi ezihlobene ne-cornea yakho, uma zikhona, zingalimaza umbono wakho unomphela.
- Izilonda ze-Corneal / scarring: Uma i-keratitis yakho iba yimbi kakhulu, ingaba isilonda esiyingozi , i-sore evulekile ebonakala njengedshazi elimhlophe ku-cornea. Isilonda singakhula noma sisuka kumgciwane wegciwane lesisemungwini uqobo noma kusukela ekutheleleni kwebhaktheriya okubangelwa yisimungumungwane. Kungaba buhlungu futhi kuholele ekusweleni kwe-cornea yakho, okuholela ekuboneni kakhulu umbono noma ukuphuphuthekisa.
- I-Retinopathy: Ngenhlanhla, ukuthambekela okukhipha isirabhu akuvamile, kodwa kuye kwaba namacala okuqoshwa kokulahlekelwa kombono omkhulu ngoba isisimungumzimba sichitha i-retina. Kuloluhlobo lwama-retinopathy, imithwalo yegazi ibonakala ilula, ama-optic nesibindi evuvukala, futhi uketshezi kudala ku- retina , kubangele iphethini elinjengezinkanyezi. Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana noma okuphelele kwombono.
- I-neuritis esebenzayo : Lokhu kuvuvukala kwe-nertic optical, i-cable enkulu yezinzwa ezixhuma iso lakho ebuchosheni bakho. Nakuba le nkimbinkimbi ingavamile, ingenzeka kubantu abahlakulela i-encephalitis enesisulu. I-neuritis esebenzayo ingabangela ukulahleka kombono wesikhashana noma unomphela.
- Ukuphulukisa: Emazweni asathuthuka lapho izingane zingagonywanga khona njalo, isishukela singesinye sezimbangela ezinkulu zobumpofu ebuntwaneni. Kubangelwa yiyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezimo ezingenhla, ezenziwa zimbi nakakhulu ngokungondleki.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho iye yavezwa yisimungumungwane noma kukhona ukuphazamiseka okwethula ukuthi usola yisimungulu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Kungase kudingeke enze amalungiselelo akhethekile okukubona ngaphandle kokufaka ingozi yokusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye abantu abakhubazekile. Hlala ekhaya ukuze ungafaki abanye engozini, bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungabuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Izinkinga zezinyosi. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Februwari 5, 2018.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Ukugonywa Kwama-Measles. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Februwari 5, 2018.
> I-Dang S. Izindlela Eziyisithupha Eziyisisindo Zingathinta Amehlo. Ishicilelwe ngo-Mashi 5, 2015.
> I-Gans H. Measles: Ukubonakaliswa Kwemitholampilo, Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela. Kusesikhathini. Kubuyekezwe i-Disemba 5, 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). Izisulu. Ibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 2018.