Izimpawu, Ukwelapha & Ukukhomba
Ake sithole lokhu endleleni: Leyo bump ebomvu cishe ayilona isikhunta. Izimo zithi, yisifo socansi. Izifo ezithathelwanayo kakhulu zebhaktheriya ziyi- staphylococcus aureus noma i- streptococcus . Zombili lezo zakha ama-bumps obomvu ashisa, avuvuke futhi asakaze.
Uma kungukuthi u-spider uyaluma futhi uthola e-United States, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzofa kuwo.
Kuzo zonke izicabucabu eNyakatho Melika, ezimbili kuphela eziphawulekayo kwezokwelapha (ezikwazi ukukugulisa ngempela): umfelokazi omnyama kanye nokuhamba okumnyama .
Kunamahlumela esikhumba kanye nezilonda ezitholakalayo emnyangweni ophuthumayo njengoba izilonda zilunywa, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi iningi alikho. Izikhumba zesikhumba ezivela ezifweni zivame ukungalungi ngokulunywa kwezigubhu e-United States, ngisho nodokotela.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwesimo sokuqhamuka kwezibhamu zasempi-okungenani iziphathimandla ezazicatshangwa ukuthi ziyalila-zaba yi- MRSA . Isizathu esiningi sokungabaza ukuxilongwa kwesicabucabu ukuluma emnyangweni ophuthumayo. Uma ungaboni isikhunta ukukushaya, khona-ke ithuba lokuthi uyilume langempela le-spider lihle kakhulu. Kungacishe kungabonakali ukubona isicabucabu siluma nje ngendlela ebukeka ngayo .
Izimpawu Zomfelokazi Omnyama Owesifazane Owesifazane
E-United States, izihlamba zomfelokazi abamnyama zibhekwa njengezimbi kakhulu. Bane-toxin ekwazi ukuphendula ngendlela ehlelekile echaphazela umsila nomsebenzi wezinzwa.
Izibonakaliso zokulonda isikhumba somfelokazi omnyama zingasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga lezi zinyolo bese zifaka:
- "Izimpawu ze-Fang" (izimbobo ezincane zama-twin): izimpawu ze-telltale ezibonakalayo kuphela ngemva kokuluma, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuvuvukala noma ubomvu
- Ukuphunga
- Ama-Chills
- Izinwele
- Isizungu
- Izimpande zomzimba (imilenze, isisu, njll)
- Ukushayela okusheshayo
- Ukukhathala
Amanye amazwe anesicabucabu somfelokazi okuthiwa i-redback spider. Kungumqondo omuhle ukucabangela noma yisiphi isicabucabu esibomvu esibomvu esinombala obomvu okumele ube ngumndeni womfelokazi. Olunye uhlobo lwesicabucabu somfelokazi, umfelokazi onsundu, ngokuvamile une-toxin ebuthakathaka futhi ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke.
Izimpawu zeBrown Recluse Spider Bites
Naphezu kwezilonda ezimbi ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqothula okumnyama, azikho amathuba okubangela ukulimala okukhulu kunabafelokazi abamnyama. Izifo zesikhumba zingabangela amathumba, okuvame ukungabonakali kahle njengamahlumela okugcoba ama-spider (bheka ubuciko be-spider ukukusiza ukuthi utshele umehluko).
Kulula ukuthola ukuthi ukuluma akukona yini ukuphuma kunokuba kukhona. Ithuluzi elilodwa lokulawula ukukhwabanisa okuluhlaza okonqenqema ukusebenzisa i-mnemonic QAPHELA. Lokhu kunomusa kusiza ukuveza izinto ezingekho ezinqenqemeni zokuluma.
- Eziningi : Uma kunezilonda ezingaphezu kweyodwa noma ezimbili, aziveli ekugqibeleni okumnyama. Ama-Brown aphinde ahlasele afike kuwo futhi ngezinye izikhathi amabili.
- Okwenzekayo : Indlela okwenziwa ngayo umdaka ophuzi ngokuvamile uhamba ngokuphazamisa isicabucabu. Esikhathini esiningi sifihliwe eceleni kwekhamera noma i-attic, cishe emabhokisini. Ngezinye izikhathi, isi-spider singathola indlela yaso embhede bese siluma isiguli ngesikhathi sokulala. Uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulima, kungenzeka ukuthi akulona uhlobo olumnyama lokuluma.
- Isikhathi : Uma ukulunywa akuzange kubonakale kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuyiluma elimnyama.
- Isikhungo esibomvu : Ukukhwabanisa okwedlulele ama Brown akusho neze obomvu futhi kuvuke phakathi kwesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, aphuzi, alubhakabhaka, noma aphuzi. Zingaba zibomvu nxazonke, kodwa uma zibomvu phakathi, cishe akuyona inhlanhla emnyama.
- Okungapheliyo : Uma kuthatha amasonto angaphezu kwamathathu ukulimala okuncane noma izinyanga ezintathu ukuze kukhule kakhulu, kungamaphesenti angama-95 ukuthi akulona uhlobo olumnyama lokuluma. Uma udokotela wakho esakutshela ukuthi yinkinga, yisikhathi somunye umbono.
- Okukhulu : Izilonda ezinkulu kakhulu (izicubu ezifa) ziye zabhalwa ukuthi zimbalwa kunezingamamitha angu-10 ububanzi (inches amane). Zingabomvu futhi zivuvuke kahle ngaphesheya kwendawo, kodwa i-necrosis ngeke ibe yinto enkulu.
- I-Ulcerates kusheshe kakhulu : Kubantu abangewona wezokwelapha, lokhu kungase kube nzima ukukhumbula. Ama-Brown aphinde ahlabe ama-bites athathe okungenani ngesonto ukuya kwesilonda (uphule isikhumba nokukhuphuka ngaphezulu). Uma i-crusty ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, kungenzeka ukuthi akulona uhlobo olumnyama olumnyama lokuluma.
- Ukuvuvukala : Ukukhwabanisa kwe- Brown kunamapulangwe noma kumile phakathi, hhayi ukuvuvukala. Uma kuvuvukala (ikakhulukazi uma kubomvu), akusilo ukunqanda okumnyama. Okungafani nalomthetho kuyabetha ebusweni, ikakhulukazi amajwabu amehlo. Lokho kuvuleka kakhulu.
- Ukhuphuka umswakama : U-Brown ukuyeka ukuluma kuyomile, hhayi emanzi. Uma iqhubekile ukuphuma kuyo, kuyisifo sengculaza kunokuba isilwane sigweme.
Ama-spider ama-Brown atholakala kuphela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubona , ngisho nama-arachnologists aqeqeshiwe. Kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ze-spider spyse ezifanayo ezifanayo kodwa ezingaphansi kokutadisha kune-recluse brown. Ama-spider ama-Brown aphindwa avame ukuchazwa ngokuthi anezimpawu ezinama-violin ngemuva kwemikhakha yawo, kodwa leyo maki ingavumelani futhi idangele.
The Other Spider
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-37,500 ze-spider emhlabeni. Cishe zonke izicabucabu ziyingozi. Yilokho abazingela khona. Iningi lezimpungushe zincane kakhulu, noma ubuhlungu babo bubuthakathaka, kube yingozi kubantu. Ezinye izicabucabu ziyaziwa kahle futhi zibonakala zilahlwa ngenxa yokuthi iningi le-spider lihlaba lapho, nakuba kungekho bufakazi bokusekela ukuthi lezo zilonda zivela ngisho nezicabucabu.
Nazi ezinye izibuko zaseNyakatho Melika ezithola i-rap engalungile ngaphandle kobufakazi obuningi bokusekela izimpendulo zabo:
- I-Hobo Spiders (i-Tegenaria agrestis ) : Laba bantu baziswa eNyakatho-ntshonalanga United States kusukela eYurophu ngawo-1980. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baye basolwa ngenxa yezimo ze-arachnidism ye-necrotic, i-jargon yezokwelapha ngenxa yokufa kwezicubu nge-envenomation yesicabucabu. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi- Journal of Medical Entomology ngo-2011 aluzange luthole ukubaluleka kwezokwelapha kusuka ku-hobo spider envenomation.
- Izihlahla ze-Wolf (Lycosidae) : Ekuqaleni e-Australia, izimpungushe zezilusi zivame ukucatshangwa ukuthi ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuboniswa kwamacala okucatshangwa okuthiwa i-wold spider i-United States ayike yabika lutho oluphawulekayo. Ukutadisha kwezinhlanzi ezingu-45 ezicacile ze-spider ku-Australian kubonise ukuthi "kubangele imiphumela emincane, ayikho nzima kunezinye izinsipho eziningi." Izibungu zezilwane azizange zenze i-necrosis njengenhlamba emnyama futhi iningi lomonakalo lalingumshini, hhayi ebuhlungu.
Ezinye izingxenye zomhlaba zinemifino eningi kakhulu kune-United States. I-Australia inesicabucabu esinomvu obomvu (esifana nomfelokazi omnyama), izigaxe zomsila omhlophe, nezimpungushe zewebhu ezibulalayo.
Ukunquma ukuthi ukuluma kuvela ku-spider kungenakwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kwezibhamu ezinqamule ukugcoba kusikisela ukuthi iziguli zifuna ukwelashwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu emva kokulunywa kwazo, okwenza kube nzima ukukhomba umlandu. Ukulunywa komfelokazi omnyama kuvame ukubonakala kuphela ngezimpawu zesifo sayo, ngaphandle kokulunywa kwendawo okubonakalayo.
Ukusabela kwendawo okubhejelwa kuzo zonke izimbungulu ezinobuthi kubonakala okufanayo: ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlambalaza nobuhlungu. Khathazeka uma ukusabela kwendawo kuqhubeka nokubi kakhulu emahoreni angaphezu kwangu-24. Bheka ubomvu obusakazeka kude nokulunywa, ukukhipha amanzi, ukukhuphuka ebuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka / ukuxubha, noma ukuguqulwa okuzungeze ukuluma okubukeka sengathi i-halo noma i-bullseye.
Kufanele futhi ubize udokotela uma ungasesikhathini sokugoma kwakho kwe- tetanus .
Indlela Yokuphatha I-Spider Bite
Ungakwazi ukuphatha zonke izigciwane ezihlabayo ngokufanayo ngaphandle uma kuluhlaza obomvu noma umlingo omnyama omfelokazi. Shayela udokotela noma uye emnyangweni ophuthumayo uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezulu kwamahora angu-24 noma ziba zimbi nakakhulu, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi kuluhlaza obomvu noma umfelokazi omnyama. Ezinye izihloko ezise-intanethi ziyakutshela ukuthi uphathe ama-spider ama-spider amahloni ahlukile kunezibungu ezingekho-ezimbi, kodwa njengoba uzobona, akukho into enjenge-spider engenayo i-venomous bite.
Uma uya kudokotela ukuze uphendule, ungaqali ngokumtshela ukuthi u-spider uyaluma-ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi yilokho. Odokotela bangabantu, futhi, futhi bangenamandla okusikisela njengathi sonke. Esikhundleni salokho, utshele udokotela, "Nginalokhu kuqhuma (bump, ubilise, indawo ebomvu, indawo emnyama, njll) futhi ngangizibuza ukuthi ungangitshela ukuthi yini nokuthi ngiyakwenzani."
Kunezinyathelo eziningi zokwelashwa zasemakhaya zokuphatha izinambuzane nezinambuzane zezinambuzane, kodwa ziyasiza? Iningi lala alibonwanga ukuthi linikeze noma iyiphi inzuzo yangempela. I-tenderizer yezinyama (i-papain) iye yafakwa ngisho nasezimpilweni zomzimba kanye nokuphendula kwesifuba kumaprotheni alo. Izilinganiso eziphumelelayo ezithengiswa ukukhipha ubuthi ngeke zisebenze futhi ziyincithakalo ephelele yemali.
Ukusabela Okwenziwe Ngezifo Ezibhebhezela Ngesicabucabu
I-Anaphylaxis ihlale ikukhathazeka kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-bug bite. Uma isisulu sibonisa noma yiziphi izibonakaliso zokuphikisana nomzimba noma i-anaphylaxis ngemva nje kokulunywa kwegciwane, shayela u-911 . Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:
Funa ukwelashwa uma izimpawu zivela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kude nokulunywa.
> Imithombo:
> Gaver-Wainwright MM, i-Zack RS, i-Foradori MJ, i-Lavine LC. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlanzi zesicabucabu: ama-bacteria, ukudluliswa kwama-pathogen, kanye ne-hemolytic potential ye-spider hobo, i-Tegenaria agrestis (i-Araneae: i-Agelenidae). J Med Entomol . 2011 Mar; 48 (2): 382-8.
> Umphikisi uGK, uFramenau VW. Ama-spider ama-spider ama-Australia (i-Lycosidae): imiphumela yemitholampilo kanye nemithonya yezinhlobo zokuluma. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol . 2004; 42 (2): 153-61.
> Livshits, Z., Bernstein, B., Sorkin, L., Smith, S., & Hoffman, R. (2012). Wolf Spider Envenomation. Wilderness & Medicine Environmental , 23 (1), 49-50. doi: 10.1016 / j.wem.2011.11.010
> I-Pagac BB, i-Reiland RW, i-Bolesh DT, i-Swanson DL. Izilonda zesikhumba emakamu: cabangela ukutheleleka kwe-Staphylococcus aureus okutholakala emphakathini okutholakala emphakathini esikhundleni sezinhlanzi zesicabucabu. Mil Med . 2006 Sep; 171 (9): 830-2.
> Payne, K., Schilli, K., Meier, K., Rader, R., Dyer, J., & Mold, J. et al. (2014). Ubuhlungu obukhulu obuvela kuBrown Ukunciphisa Izinambuzane Zase-Spider. I-JAMA Dermatology , 150 (11), 1205. i-doi: 10.1001 / jamadermatol.2014.605
> Robinson, J., Kennedy, V., Doss, Y., Bastarache, L., Denny, J., & Warner, J. (2017). Ukuchaza i-phenotype eyinkimbinkimbi ye-systemic loxoscelism eyinkimbinkimbi usebenzisa i-cohort enkulu yekhompiyutha yezempilo. I-PLOS ONE , 12 (4), e0174941. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0174941
> Stoecker, W., Vetter, R., & Dyer, J. (2017). UNGAKHULULEKILE-I-Mnemonic Device Yokugwema Ukutholakala Okungamanga Kobuhlungu Bokuqothulwa Ngama-Brown. I-JAMA Dermatology . doi: 10.1001 / jamadermatol.2016.5665