Ukusetshenziswa Kwemeth Okuxhunyaniswe Namanani Aphakeme E-HIV Nesifo Se-Hepatitis C
I-Methamphetamine (evame ukubizwa nge-crystal meth) ivela kwezinye izindawo ezingalindelekile. Abaqhubi bezempi baziwa ukuthi basebenzise ama-amphetamines ngesikhathi sokulwa ukuze bahlale bephapheme ngesikhathi sezindiza zabo ezikude ukuqhuma amabhomu. Kamuva, abashayeli bamaloli abade isikhathi eside bavame ukubuyela kulo muthi ukuze bavumele ukuba bangabe beshiya ogwini.
Ngama-1960, ukuguqulwa kwamasiko nokuhlalisana kwamasiko kwakwenza ukusetshenziswa kwama-amphetamines njengesidakamizwa sokuzijabulisa.
Ukuqinisa imithetho yezidakamizwa ngawo-1970 kwafinyelela kunzima kakhulu, futhi okwesikhashana kwakubonakala sengathi i-amphetamine yayingabikho.
Kwakusekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-amphetamines abuyele, ngokuyinhloko ngesimo se-supercharged okuthiwa i-methamphetamine. Ekhiqizwa ngokwezifiso "ama-labs," abasebenzisi abancane nabancane, edolobheni nasemaphandleni, baqala ukufaka isikhwama esibhedlela esasingabizi futhi sanikeza ithuba eliphakeme, elihlala njalo.
Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2015 evela kuNational Institute on Drug Abuse, abangaphezu kwamaphesenti ayisithupha abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-26 basebenzise i-crystal meth okungenani kanye ngesikhathi sokuphila, bebeka phambili ngaphambi kwe-heroin (amaphesenti angu-2.1) kanye ne-crack cocaine (4.1% ). Ngakho-ke, i-crystal meth ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "imithi yasemadolobheni," enikezwe ukuthi iyande kakhulu emakhaya asezingeni eliphakathi njengoba kusemgwaqweni.
Iyini Crystal Meth?
I-Crystal meth ifomu lama-amphetamines e-white crystalline powder.
Nakuba isimo sezomthetho samamphetamines sisetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukwelashwa kwesikhashana sokukhuluphala, i-crystal meth isetshenziswa njengesidakamizwa seqembu ngoba ikhono layo lokukhulisa izinzwa, ukwandisa ukuvuswa kocansi futhi kubangele ukuphakama kwesiguli esiphezulu kunezinye izitaladi eziningi izidakamizwa.
Uma isetshenziswe (mhlawumbe ngokubhema, ukujova noma ukugcoba), abantu bangahamba ngezinsuku bengalali futhi bavame ukuzibandakanya kwezocansi ezinobungozi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kocansi umuthi ongadala.
Ngenkathi isimo sezomthetho sesidakamizwa singenasiphelo, i-crystal meth ingahogela kancane i-ammonia ngenxa yamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza.
Crystal Meth Yenziwe Kanjani?
I-Crystal meth "iphekwe" kuma-labs angekho emthethweni besebenzisa amakhemikhali asekhaya kanye nezivolumu ezithengwa kalula ezitolo zokuthenga kanye ne-hardware, kanye nezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwezinto ezifana ne- pseudoephedrine . Amakhemikhali kanye nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-crystal meth zihlukumezeka kakhulu, futhi abakhiqizi bezinsimbi ngokuvamile bazinike engcupheni yokuqhuma nokulimala lapho bepheka.
Yiziphi Izingozi Ze-Crystal Meth?
I-Crystal meth inomlutha kakhulu, kanti iningi labantu libhekene nokunciphisa imiphumela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, izidakamizwa ezithinta izidakamizwa kanye nemvamisa zivame ukwanda lapho umuntu esebenzisa khona, hhayi kuphela ukufeza okuphakeme okufunayo kepha ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ngokomzwelo okungalandela uma isidakamizwa simisiwe.
Ngezilinganiso eziphansi, i-crystal meth ikhulisa izinzwa futhi yenza abasebenzisi baqaphele kakhulu. Emanzini aphezulu, lesi sidakamizwa sibangele ukugcoba nokuzijabulisa. Kulelizinga, izinga lenhliziyo lomuntu liyokhula futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingakhuphuka emazingeni angenampilo, angase abulale. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzisi angaba yi-paranoid, agxilile futhi abonise ukuziphatha okumangalisayo nokuyingozi.
Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba ungabi umlutha we-crystal meth, ngakho-ke uma umuntu ehlasela ukujova izidakamizwa.
Ezinye izifundo, eqinisweni, ziphakamisa ukuthi abantu abangu-9 kwabangu-10 abajobayo bangabekwa emtholampilo njengomlutha.
Ngesikhathi labo ababhema noma bephuza lesi sidakamizwa kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuba babe izidakamizwa, abaningi baphendukela ekujoeni (okubizwa nangokuthi "slamming"). Ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukwabelana ngezinaliti , okuyinto eyandisa ukwanda kokudluliswa kwezifo, kuhlanganise neHIV kanye nesifo sofuba C.
Imiphumela Yokusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi Eside
Umzimba uveza izinto ezimbili, i-dopamine ne-norepinephrine, ukuvuselela umzimba. I-Crystal meth ibambelela kakhulu emthonjeni, okwenza kube khona isimo se-euphoric.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ekugcineni "kuyashisa" ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza la makhemikhali futhi, esikhundleni sokuphakama okuphezulu, umsebenzisi uzothola imijikelezo eyandayo yokunyuka nokucindezeleka njengoba imiphumela yezidakamizwa ivaliwe.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpawu ezivamile zokulutha umlutha zibonakala, kufaka phakathi:
- I-crystal "umoya wokuphefumula" nomsindo womzimba, okugcina okuhlaba umunwe we-resin ikakhulu lapho umuntu ekhukhumeza.
- Ukuzulazula okungalawulwayo komzimba kanye ne-facial tics ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukugaya amazinyo kuyinto ejwayelekile.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesisindo kanye nokubhujiswa komzimba kungabonakala kubasebenzisi abaningi, ngenxa yokuthi kuyingxenye yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kodwa futhi nemiphumela yamaselula yesikhathi eside okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-acne, ukuvinjelwa kwe-pore nokucavitation ezungeze amehlo omuntu namathunga.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesalane okwabelwana ngaso sonke isikhathi kubangela ukutheleleka kwe- staphylococcal (staph) edinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Yini Engenziwa?
Kunyathelwa izinyathelo zokubhekana ne-crystal meth inkinga, kanti imikhankaso yempilo yomphakathi eyanda kakhulu igxile emiphakathini ephezulu yengculaza (isib. Intsha , amadoda alala namadoda ). Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zinciphisa ukuthengwa kwe-pseudoephedrine ngaphezulu.
Amanye amaqembu aphendukela ekuvimbeleni ku-intanethi, axhumene nezindawo eziningi ze-gay "hook up" lapho i-crystal meth isetshenziswe ngokuphazamiseka phakathi kwamagama abasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-PNP ("i-party neyokudlala"), "i-tweaking" (ephezulu), " iphuzu "(ukujova), kanye" nokwenza ucansi "(ubulili nezidakamizwa).
Naphezu kwalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-crystal meth namanje kungadingekile ngokungenelela okuvame ukwenzeka kuphela emva kokutheleleka kwe-HIV noma isifo sofuba se-hepatitis C. Kumele kwenziwe umzamo omkhulu wokubhekana nokusetshenziswa kwe-crystal meth kubantu abasha, okuqokomisa ingozi kokubili ukusetshenziswa nokugula kwezifo, kuyilapho amaqembu okusekela nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa ukwelashwa okudingekayo kulabo abalwa nokulutha.
Ukuze uthole imithi yokwelapha noma yokuvimbela eseduzane nawe, xhumana nesiteshi sakho se -AIDS sesifunda samahora angu-24 noma isikhungo sempilo yomphakathi eseduze nawe. Izinhlelo zokwelashwa zitholakala emkhokheni wokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa nezikhungo zokubuyiselwa kwezidakamizwa.
Imithombo
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "I-Methamphetamine Ukusetshenziswa Neengozi ye-HIV / AIDS." I-Atlanta, Georgia; eshicilelwe ngoJanuwari 2007.
> Isikhungo seNational on Abuse Abuse. "Ucwaningo lukazwelonke lweZokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nempilo." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; Julayi 2015.