I-endoscopy yinkqubo yezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukubuka izitho zangaphakathi ngendlela engeyona yokuhlinzwa. Lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinqubo ezincane ezingenasidingo" ngoba ziyizindlela ezincane ezingenasidingo zokuzibona ngeso lengqondo kunezigameko. Ngaphambi kokuba sibe nenqubo yokugcina i-endoscopic, ukuhlinzwa kwakuvame ukudingeka ukuze uthole imiphumela efanayo njengoba manje sesiyithola kusuka endoscopy. Lezi zinqubo zingenziwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile evame ukuhlinzwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithwale ingozi encane.
Ngokuphela kwe-endoscopy, i-endoscope ivame ukufakwa phansi emlonyeni, kuze kube yi-rectum, noma ngokukhipha okuncane okwenziwe esikhumbeni lapho kuhlolwe ngaphakathi kwamalungu, esifubeni, noma esiswini. I-endoscope iyi-tube eguquguqukayo enekhamera ekhanyisiwe. Ikhamera ibuyisela isithombe ukuze izakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi ziboniswe ku-monitor.
I-endoscopy ivame ukwenza uma ukuboniswa kwezitho zangaphakathi kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa, futhi i-endoscopy ivumela ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwe ngenengozi encane kunokuhlinzwa. I-Endoscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola izitho zangaphakathi zokwelashwa.
Izinkinga
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ze-endoscopy zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi, ukukhipha odongeni lwesigxobo esangenwe, nokusabela kumithi yokwehla.
Anesthesia
I-endoscopy ivame ukuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwesilonda semithi e-IV. Iziguli zivame ukulala ngesikhathi senqubo, kodwa ubuthongo bukhanya kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi bavusa ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuba inqubo yenziwe Le hlobo lokudambisa ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi "ukulala kwelanga." Ngezinqubo ezithile, i-anesthesia jikelele ingabuye inikezwe.
Ukulungiselela
Ukulungiselela i-endoscopy ngokuvamile kudinga ukuzila ukudla (hhayi kokudla) amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ukuze i-endoscopy yamakholoni (i-colonoscopy), i-laxative yokuhlanza amathumbu nayo izosetshenziswa.
Izinhlobo ze-Endoscopy
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinqubo ze-endoscopy, kufaka phakathi:
I-Arthroscopy : I- Arthroscopy yinkqubo lapho kutholakala khona ukuchotshozwa okuncane esikhumbeni futhi ububanzi bufakwe engxenyeni.
I-arthroscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga nokuphatha izimo ezihlangene, kusukela ekuhloleni izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arthritis ukulungisa izinyembezi ze-rotator. Inqubo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa kuwo wonke amajoyina, futhi asinayo indlela yokwenza yonke imisebenzi yokuhlinza, njengokuhlinzwa kokujoyina ngokuhlanganyela, ngale ndlela.
I-bronchoscopy : Ku-bronchoscopy, i-tube itholakala emlonyeni futhi idluliselwe phakathi kwe-trachea ibe ngamatayipi amaconsial (imigwaqo emikhulu yamaphaphu). I-bronchoscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukubona ngeso lengqondo izicubu futhi yenza ama-biopsies. Ngokwengeza i-ultrasound, ingasetshenziselwa futhi izidumbu ze-biopsy zamaphaphu eziseduze kodwa hhayi ngaphakathi kwe-airways (endobronchial ultrasound). Kungasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, ukuyeka ukuphuma egazini, noma ukuphucula umoya ohamba phambili uma isifo sikhuhlane sibangela ukwehlisa.
I-Colonoscopy : Ungase ujwayelane ne-colonoscopy kusuka ekuhloleni komdlavuza wekoloni. Ku-colonoscopy, ithubhu ifakwa phakathi kwe-rectum futhi ifakwe phezulu nge-colon. Kungasetshenziswa ngale ndlela ukuhlolisisa ukwelashwa kwamakholoni noma ukususa ama-polyps okungenzeka abe namandla okuba ngumdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, i-colonoscopies inciphise ingozi yokufa komdlavuza wekoloni kokubili ukutholakala kokuqala, ukuthola amanqamuzana lapho amancane futhi engakaze asakazeke, futhi ngokuvimbela okuyisisekelo, ukususa ama-polyps angaba nomdlavuza.
I-colposcopy : I-colposcopy ifakwa ngaphakathi kokuvula kwesisu ukuze kuhlolwe kangcono umlomo wesibeletho. Kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngenxa ye-Pap smear engavamile ukufuna ubufakazi bokuthi i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho noma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
I-cystoscopy : I-cystoscopy ivumela udokotela ukuba acabange ngaphakathi kwesikhumba sakho ukuze ahlolisise izimo kusukela ku-cystitis yangaphakathi kuya kumdlavuza wesibeletho. Kule nqubo, ithubhu elincane lifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-urethra (i-tube ephuma kwesinye isilonda kuya ngaphandle komzimba) futhi ingene esithombeni. Insimbi ithuluzi elikhethekile ekugcineni elivumela odokotela ukuba bathathe i-biopsy kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezivelayo.
I-ERCP (i-endoscopic retrograde ye-cholangiopancreatography): Ku-ERCP, i-tube ifakwa phansi emlonyeni nasesisu nasezinkalweni ze-bile ne-pancreatic eziholela emathunjini amancane esibindi nesibindi. Le ndlela ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-gallstones afakiwe kulezi zingqimba, kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo amadoksi (njengama-cancer angavamile).
I-EGD (i-esophogealgastroduodenoscopy): Ku-EGD, udokotela ufaka ithubhu encane emlonyeni futhi ehlelwe ngokulandelana nge-esophagus, esiswini, nase-duodenum (ingxenye yokuqala yomathumbu amancane). I-EGD iye yaphumelela kakhulu ekuhloleni izimo ezabe nzima ukuzihlola, kuhlanganise nezinkinga ezibhekene nesifo se-Barrett, izilonda esiswini nase-duodenum, ukuvuvukala, umdlavuza, isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal, ngisho nesifo se-celiac.
I-laparoscopy : Ku-laparoscopy, kwenziwa izinkomba ezincane ngaphakathi kwenkinobho yesisu nangaphezu kwesisu esivumela ukuba indawo ingene emgodini we-peritoneal (indawo yokuhlala ezindlini zangasese). Kungenziwa kokubili ukuxilongwa futhi njengendlela yokwelapha konke kusukela ekungeneni kokususa ukukhipha isithasiselo.
I-Laryngoscopy: I-laryngoscopy yinkqubo lapho ithubhu ingeniswa emlonyeni ukuze ngibone ngeso lengqondo i-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi). Le ndlela ingabona okungavamile ebhokisini lezwi elisukela kuma-polyps kuya kumdlavuza womlingo.
I-Mediastinoscopy : I-mediastinoscopy yinkqubo lapho kufakwa khona ububanzi ngodonga lwesikhumba endaweni ephakathi kwamaphaphu (i-mediastinum). Kungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izimo ezifana ne-lymphomas ne-sarcoidosis, kodwa ngokuvamile iyenziwa njengengxenye yesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukubheka i- lymph nodes emdlalweni we-mediastinum umdlavuza ongase usakaze ngawo.
I-Proctoscopy: I-proctoscopy iyindawo engangeniswa ngokusebenzisa i-anus ukuhlola i-rectum (okuyi-6 kuya ku-8 amayintshi angu -colon noma amathumbu amakhulu ). Kuyenzeka kaningi ukuhlola ukuphuma kwamagciwane.
I-thoracoscopy : I-thoracoscopy iyinkqubo lapho kwenziwa khona ukucubungula okuncane emdongeni wesifuba ukuze kutholakale amaphaphu. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ukwenza ama-biopsies amaphaphu, le nqubo manje isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-VATS noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-thoracoscopic esekelwe ividiyo. Inqubo ye-VATS ingenziwa ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu ngokubambisana nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside sokuhlinzwa. Kodwa akuwona wonke odokotela abahlinzayo abaqeqeshwe kule nqubo, futhi akuwona wonke amathrekhi amaphaphu angaphumelelwa ngale nqubo.
Imithombo:
I-American Society of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer.Net. Kubuyekezwa 02 / 2-16. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/tests-and-procedures/types-endoscopy