Ukuqonda isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi we-intestine enkulu
I-colon, enye igama lomathumbu omkhulu, yingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sokugaya ukudla. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngamathumbu amakhulu njengamane nje isilondolozi, umzila wokuthwala izakhi ezingasetshenzisiwe kusukela emathunjini amancane kuya ku-anus, kodwa lesi sitho sinemisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu emathangeni emathunjini (GI) , kufaka phakathi:
- Ukubuyisela amanzi kabusha nokulondoloza ukulinganisela komzimba kwamanzi
- Ukuphumula amavithamini
- Iyacubungula izinto ezingapheliyo zokudla ezifana ne-fiber
- Ukugcina imfucuza ngaphambi kokuqedwa (ukuguqula izinsalela zokudla emanzini)
Usayizi nobude
Lesi sitho sibizwa ngokuthi umathumbu omkhulu ngenxa yobubanzi (ububanzi) bomathumbu; likhulu kakhulu kunomuthi omncane , kodwa futhi kufushane kakhulu. Amathumbu amakhulu angamamitha ayisithupha ubude, kuyilapho intombazane encane ide kakhulu, cishe ngamamitha angu-21. Amasentimitha ayisithupha okugcina noma amathumbu amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi i-rectum ne-canal anal.
Anatomy
I-colon ivela e-cecum (lapho intombazane encane ihlangana khona emathunjini amakhulu) ku-anus (lapho imfucuza iphuma khona emzimbeni), futhi iqukethe izindawo ezine eziyinhloko ezibhalwe esithombeni ngenhla:
- Ukukhuphuka kolononi: I-colon ekhuphuka yingxenye yokuqala yomathumbu amakhulu. Iqala nje ngaphesheya kwe-cecum (isikhwama esifana nesakhiwo ekugcineni i-ileum-ingxenye yesisu esincane esivela esiswini) esezansi kwesokudla kwesisu nesenyukayo (iya phezulu) endaweni yesisu nje ngezansi i-diaphragm.
- I-colon ehambayo: I-colon ehamba phambili igijima ngokuzungezile ngaphesheya kwesisu kusukela kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele.
- Ukuhla kwekhaloni: I-colon ehlayo yehla (iya phansi) ngakwesokunxele kwesisu esisuka ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm phezulu kwesisu kwesifunda se-pelvic kwesokunxele.
- I-Sigmoid colon: Ukuxhumeka okuka-S phakathi kwengxenye yokugcina ye-colon kanye ne-rectum, etholakala ngakwesokunxele ngakwesokunxele kwesisu kubizwa ngokuthi i-sigmoid colon.
Izitho Zomzimba We-Intestine Enkulu
I-colon iqukethe izingxenye ezine zezicubu, ezifana nezinye izifunda zegciwane lokugaya. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Mucosa: Lena yinkimbinkimbi engaphakathi futhi yenziwe ngezicubu ezilula ze-columnar epithelial, okwenza kube bushelelezi (uma kuqhathaniswa nomathumbu omncane, oqukethe i-villi, ama-protrusions amancane njengamunwe). Izithobezi eziningi zifaka umcengezi ngaphakathi kwe-lumen yangaphakathi emathunjini amakhulu, okugcoba ubuso bawo futhi ivikeleke ezinhlakeni ezidliwayo zokudla.
- I-Submucosa: I-mucosa ijikelezwe yi-submucosa, okuyisigcawu semithambo yegazi, izinzwa kanye nezicubu ezixhumene nazo ezisekela ezinye izingxenye zamathumbu amakhulu.
- I-Muscularis: I-submucosa ikhiqizwe yi-muscularis, equkethe izingqimba eziningi zamaseli we-visceral muscle ezenza isivumelwano futhi zihambisa imfucuza emathunjini amakhulu ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i- peristalsis .
- I-Serosa: Ingqimba engaphandle, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-serosa, ingqimba elincanyana lamathambo e-squamous epithelial. I-serosa ifihla amanzi amanzi ahlinzekwa ukugcoba ebusweni bekoloni ewuvikelayo emonakalweni ngenxa yokuxhumana nezinye izitho zomzimba kanye namathunjwa namathambo we-torso esezansi engakuzungezile.
Umsebenzi
Njenge-chyme, ukuphazamiseka kokudliwa okudliwayo okusuka emathunjini amancane kuya ekoloni ngokusebenzisa i-ileocecal sphincter kanye ne-cecum, lapho kuhlanganiswa nama-bacteria anenzuzo kusuka kolononi. I-ke ihamba ngezindawo ezine ze-colon (haustra) phezu kwamahora amaningana ngenxa ye-peristalsis. Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo ingaba ngokushesha kakhulu ngamagagasi anamandla we-peristalsis alandela ukudla okukhulu.
I-Vitamin Absorption
Ungase ucabange ngamavithamini njengezakhi ezifakwe emgqeni wokugaya, kepha ikoloni idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumavithamini adonsa kakhulu adingekayo empilweni enhle.
Lamavithamini empeleni akhiqizwa amabhaktheriya anempilo ekoloni ngokusebenzisa ukuvutshelwa futhi afaka:
- I-Vitamin K
- I-Biotin (i-vitamin B7)
Imibandela Yezokwelapha kanye neColon
Kunezimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezingathinta ikoloni. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ukwelapha umdlavuza - Umdlavuza we- Colon ungathinta ingxenye ngayinye yekoloni exoxwe ngenhla futhi iyimbangela yesithathu eholela ekufeni okuhlobene nomdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane e-United States.
- Isifo sofuba esiswini - Izimo ezinjenge-ulcerative colitis zingathinta ikoloni, futhi zandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekolon.
- I-Diverticulitis kanye ne-diverticulitis - Amasaka amancane (ama-outpouches) abiza i-diverticula ingahlakulela eceleni koloni. Lapho lezi zivutha zingase ziholele esimweni esingakhululekile kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-diverticulitis, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-appendicitis engakwesokunxele."
- Ukwehla kwamanzi - Uma ikoloni engenzi kahle ukubuyisela kabusha amanzi emgqonyeni, ukuphela kwamanzi kungase kuholele.
- Ukuvinjelwa kwesisu - Ngezinye izikhathi ikholoni iyancipha noma ihlanganiswe ngokubambelela noma izicubu ezincane. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwamathumba okuyingxenye noma okuphelele, futhi uma kushiywe kungalashwa, kungabangela ukuguqulwa kwamathumbu. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yizimo ezenza izicubu ezibomvu esiswini, njengokuhlinzwa kwangasese kwesisu, isifo sofuba esibhubhisayo, nesifo sofuba sokuvuvukala.
- Ukwehluleka kwe-Vitamin - Uma i-colon ingasebenzi kahle, amavithamini afana ne-biotin ne-vitamin K ayitholakali ngokwanele, eholela ezimpawu ezihlobene nokuntuleka okuthile.
- Ukuqokwa nokuhuda.
Ngezansi Emathunjini Omkhulu
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi ikoloni ngokuyinhloko iyinhlangano yokugcina, inemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Kungabuye kuthinteke izimo ezinjenge-colitis nomdlavuza okuhlala kude kakhulu e-United States.
Imithombo:
Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zemithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
Ilabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha yase-US. Izifo zeColonic. Kubuyekezwe 02/15/17. https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html