Sekungamashumi eminyaka, i- dystrophy yemisipha ihlotshaniswa nezingane zikaJerry. Yilokho, uJerry Lewis ozungezwe izingane ngesikhathi se-Labor Day Telethon ye-Muscular Dystrophy Association. Kusukela ngo-1966 kuya ku-2010, uJerry Lewis wabamba le telethon yonyaka ukuze azuze labo abane-dystrophy yemisipha. I-dystrophy yama-muscular (MD) imelela iqembu lezinkinga eziyisishiyagalolunye ezizuzwe nge-muscle.
I-telethon yaqhubeka ngaphandle kuka Lewis kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2014, ekupheleni kuka-2015.
Ngisho noma ithoni yonyaka iphelile, i-muscular dystrophy - zonke izinhlobo ezingu-9 - zikhona. Amafomu ayisishiyagalolunye angalandelayo.
1. I-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
I-Duchenne i-muscular dystrophy (i-DMD) iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yobuntwana bokudonswa kwe-muscular dystrophy, kanti izimpawu ziqala phakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-6 ubudala. I-DMD inithinta kakhulu abafana. Amantombazane angakwazi ukuthwala lesi simo futhi angathinteka kancane. Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-DMD zingabandakanya ukuwa njalo, kunzima ukuvuka ukuhlala phansi noma ukulala phansi, nokuhamba okunjenge-waddle. Ingane ene-DMD ingase ibonakale iphinde ikhulise imisipha yamathole.
Lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane, kodwa ukuhamba ukusiza kuzogcina kudingekile - okuholela esihlalweni sabakhubazekile. Njengoba imisipha yomzimba iba buthakathaka kancane kancane, izinkinga zokuphefumula zikhula. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni zokuphefumula ezifana ne-pneumonia, okungaba nzima kubantu abane-DMD ukuthi balwe.
Ngenxa yentuthuko ocwaningweni nobuchwepheshe, isikhathi sokuphila se-DMD senyuke ekuqaleni kwe-30s.
2. I-Becker Dycular Dystrophy
I-Becker i-dystrophy yemisipha ifana kakhulu ne-DMD, ngaphandle kokuthi izimpawu zikaBenker MD zingabonakala kamuva lapho zisencane - kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-25. Nakuba zifana ne-DMD, izimpawu zika-Becker MD ziyaqhubeka kancane kunezo ze-DMD.
3. I-Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
I-dystrophy yama-congenital muscular imelela iqembu le-dystrophies emisipha ekhona lapho ezalwa. Leli fomu le-MD lingathinta kokubili abafana namantombazane. Akuwona wonke amafomu okuzalwa abonakalayo. Ifomu elilodwa, i-Fukuyama congenital dystrophy, idala ubuthakathaka obunzima bomzimba nezitho zomzimba futhi zingabandakanya izinkontileka ezihlangene, izinkinga zengqondo nezokukhuluma, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa .
4. I-Emery-Dreifuss I-Dystrophy yama-Muscular
I-Emery-Dreifuss i-dystrophy yemisipha iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yobuntwana MD echaphazela abafana kuphela. Leli fomu liqhubeka kancane. Nokho, ngokungafani ne-DMD, izinkontileka - ukuncishiswa kwemisipha - kungavela ngaphambi kwesikhathi empilweni. Ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha bubuye bube bunzima kakhulu kune-DMD. Izinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo ezihlobene ne-Emery-Dreifuss MD zingadinga i-pacemaker.
5. I-Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
I-lym-girdle i-dystrophy yemisipha iqala emntwaneni noma eminyakeni yokuqala yabantu abadala. Lesi sifo sibangela ubuthakathaka besisindo esiqala ezinkalweni, sithinta emahlombe, futhi sifinyelela ngaphandle ezingeni nasemilenzeni. Lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane kepha ekugcineni siholela ekubuneni ukuhamba.
6. I-Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
I-facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (i-FSH MD) iqala ekukhuleni noma esekhulile futhi ithinta abesilisa nabesifazane.
I-FSH MD ngokuyinhloko isithinta imisipha yobuso ("facio-"), ama-shoulder blade ("scapulo-"), nezingalo ezingaphezulu ("ukuxhaphaza"). Abantu abane-FSH MD banamaphutha afinyelela phambili, okwenza kube nzima ukuphakamisa izingalo phezu kwekhanda labo. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha buqhubeka emzimbeni wonke njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka. I-FSH MD ingaba kusukela ebucayi kuze kube nzima. Naphezu kobuthakathaka obuthakathaka bemisipha, abantu abaningi abane-FSH MD basakwazi ukuhamba.
7. I-Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
I-myotonic muscular dystrophy (isifo sikaSteinert) yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokudonswa kwemisipha yabantu abadala. Leli fomu le-muscular dystrophy liqala ngokubuthakathaka kwemisipha ebusweni bese liqhubekela phambili ezinyaweni nasezandleni.
I-Myotonic MD iyabangela futhi i-myotonia - ukuqina okunamide kwemizimba (njengama-spasms) - uphawu olwenzeka kuphela kule fomu ye-MD. I-Myotonic MD ithinta isistimu yomphakathi, inhliziyo, umzila wokugaya, amehlo, kanye nezigulane ze-endocrine . Ihamba kancane kancane, kanti ubuningi bomzimba buthakathaka buhlukahluka kusukela komnene kuze kube nzima. Owesifazane ophethe i-myotonic MD angakwazi ukubeletha usana olunesifo sofuba.
8. I-Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy
I-Oculopharyngeal dystrophy ye-muscular dystrophy ngokuvamile iqala eminyakeni eyisine noma yesihlanu yokuphila. Amajwabu ama-drooping ngokuvamile ayibonakaliso yokuqala yalolu hlobo lwe-dystrophy. Lesi simo siqhubekela phambili ebuthakathakeni obuthakathaka bomzimba nobunzima bokugwinya. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukugwinya izinkinga nokuvimbela ukukhipha kanye ne- pneumonia .
9. I-Distal Muscular Dystrophy
I-dystrophy ye-distal muscular ihlanganisa izifo eziningi zezifo eziqala lapho sezikhulile futhi zibe nezimpawu ezifanayo zokubuthakathaka kwezibikezelo, izandla, imilenze ephansi nezinyawo. Lezi zifo - kufaka phakathi i-Welander, i-Markesbury-Griggs, i-Nonaka, ne-Miyoshi - ayinamandla kakhulu futhi afaka imisipha embalwa kunezinye izinhlobo ze-dystrophy yemisipha. Ifomu lokuhlukanisa lithinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.
Imithombo:
I-Muscular Dystrophy Association USA.
Izindabaweek. Ithelevoni ye-muscular dystrophy manje inkumbulo nje (2015).