Thola inhlekelele encane noma unikeze ukunakekelwa kuze kube yilapho osizo lwezeMpilo befika
Lokhu kuqala okusheshayo ngezinqubo ezivamile eziyisisekelo zokusiza usizo lokuqala kungakusiza ukuba ungene enkingeni encane, okungenani kuze kube khona izimo eziphuthumayo noma ungathola ukwelashwa. Lezi zeluleko zisekelwe kuzinqubo zokuqala zonyaka ka-2010 eziphakanyiswa yi-American Heart Association kanye ne-American Red Cross. Abayena esikhundleni sokuqeqeshwa okufanele kokuqala kokusiza kodwa kungaba isingeniso kulokho ongakwenza.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lwe-Cardiac Ukuboshwa
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Cardiopulmonary (CPR) kuyindlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke yezokwelapha kuzo zonke. Uma umuntu eboshiwe inhliziyo (inhliziyo ayisekho ukupompa igazi) kanti i-CPR ayenziwanga, lowo muntu uzofa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza i-CPR noma ukusebenzisa i-defibrillator yangaphandle ezenzakalelayo (AED) ingasindisa impilo.
Ungaqala ngokubuyekeza izinto eziyisisekelo ze-CPR . Inqubo ishintshile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha iklasi le-CPR esikhungweni sezokwelapha, ekolishi lomphakathi, emnyangweni we-Red Cross, noma ngomlilo. Akukho okunye okufaka endaweni yezandla ezisesandleni.
I-AED iyatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi namabhizinisi. Lawa madivaysi aselula ukuze asetshenziswe ngisho noma ungazange uqeqeshwe. Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-CPR kuzobandakanya ukujwayela nokusetshenziswa kwe-AED.
Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association kanye nemihlahlandlela ye-American Red Cross 2010, izinyathelo okumele zithathwe uma kukhonjelwa inhliziyo enjengoba:
- Lalela othile ukuthi abize u-911 noma uhlelo lokuxwayisa lwezokwelapha lendawo.
- Ngokushesha qalisa ukucindezeleka kwesifuba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqeqeshiwe. Ukucindezela kanzima futhi okusheshayo phakathi kwesifuba, uvumele ukubuyisela phakathi kokucindezela. Yenza lo msebenzi phezu kwalabo abaqeqeshwe ukuthi uma befika futhi befika nini.
- Uma uqeqeshwe, sebenzisa ukucindezela kwesifuba nokuphefumula.
- I-AED kufanele isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe. Kodwa kubalulekile ukungabambezeli ukucindezeleka kwesifuba, ngakho ukutholwa komunye kumele kulandelwe omunye umuntu ngenkathi wenza ukucindezeleka kwesifuba.
Usizo Lokuqala Oluyisisekelo Lokubheka
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima kanjani, cishe konke ukuphuma kungalawulwa. Ukuphumula okuncane kuyomisa ngokwakho. Uma ukuphuma okukhulu kwegazi kungalawulwa, kungadala ukushaqeka futhi ekugcineni ukufa.
Kunezinyathelo okufanele zithathe uma ubhekene nokuphuma okwamanje.
- Vala isilonda nge-gauze noma indwangu bese usebenzisa ingcindezi eqondile yokuyeka ukugeleza kwegazi. Ungasusi isembatho. Engeza izendlalelo eziningi uma kudingeka. Indwangu izosiza ukuvala ifomu ukuvimba ukugeleza.
- Ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet kungenza umonakalo omkhulu kuleso siqephu kunokuhle. Imikhombandlela ye-2010 American Heart Association iphinde isaphule inani lokuphakama nokusebenzisa amaphuzu okucindezela.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lokushisa
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa ukuyeka inqubo evuthayo. Amakhemikhali kudingeka ahlanzwe. Ugesi udinga ukuvalwa. Ukushisa kudinga ukucola phansi ngamanzi asebenzayo. Izisulu zelanga kufanele zihlanganiswe noma zingene ngaphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini eyabangela ukushisa noma ukuthi kubi kangakanani, ukuyeka ukushisa kuza ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
Ubukhulu bokushisa busekelwe ekujuleni nasayizi. Ngokushisa okukhulu, ungadinga ukubona udokotela noma ucingo 911 . Thatha lezi zinyathelo zokuqala zesevisi:
- Vula indawo eshisayo ngamanzi aphephile amaminithi ambalwa. Ungasebenzisi ice.
- Faka isicelo sokubopha ukukhanya kwe-gauze.
- Ungasebenzisi ama-ointments, ibhotela, noma ama-oily ekwelashweni.
- Thatha ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen ukuze uthole ukuphumula kobuhlungu uma kudingeka.
- Ungaphuli noma iyiphi i-blisters engase yenziwe.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lwezingxubevange
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-blister noma cha idinga noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kungenzeka. Uma i-blister incane, ingenakunyakaziswa futhi ayibuhlungu kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ingcono kakhulu ukuyishiya yedwa. Ukumboza ukuze uvimbele ukuxubha okuqhubekayo nokucindezela kuyo okungabangela ukuthi kuvuleke futhi mhlawumbe kuqhumeke.
Uma i-blister inkulu noma ibuhlungu-ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzi ungapheli (njengokuthi uphakathi nendawo yokuhamba) -ukulandela izinyathelo zokukhipha nokugqoka ibhansela. Sebenzisa inaliti eyinzalo futhi wenze amapctures amancane enqenqemeni ye-blister bese uveza oketshezi. Bese usebenzisa amafutha okubulala ama-antibiotic bese uyimboza ukuze uyivikele ekuqhumeni okuqhubekayo nokucindezela.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lwezinhlanzi
Konke ukulimala kokuphela kufanele kutholakale njengamathambo aphukile (fracture) kuze kutholakale i-X-ray.
Kunezinhlobo zonke zezintambo zezintambo eziphukile, njengokungakwazi ukuhamba emlenzeni ophukile noma ngabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kokuphuka nokuphuka. Uma ungenayo amehlo ka-Superman's X-ray, yiphathe njengokuthi iphukile. Thatha lezi zinyathelo ukuze uthole ukuhlukumeza okusolakala ukuthi :
- Ungazami ukukuqondisa.
- Qinisekisa isilungu usebenzisa ubucwebe ne-padding ukuze uhlale ungasebenzi.
- Faka iphakethe elibandayo ngokulimala, ugweme ukubeka iqhwa ngqo esikhumbeni.
- Ukuphakamisa umkhawulo.
- Nika izidakamizwa eziphikisayo ezifana ne-ibuprofen noma naproxen.
Usizo Lokuqala Oluyisisekelo Lama-Sprains
Izimpawu ze-sprain zifana ncamashi nalokho okwephukile. Uma ungabaza, usizo lokuqala lwe-sprains kufanele lufana namathambo aphukile. Ukuvimbela imilenze, sebenzisa iphakethe elibandayo, liphakamisa, futhi uthathe izidakamizwa eziphikisayo. Bheka udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa futhi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo.
Usizo Lokuqala Oluyisisekelo Lwezinsizi Ezingcolile
Abaningi bethu babe nekhala eligazini ngesikhathi esithile ekuphileni kwethu. Kusho ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi ngenxa ye-traumatic. Isizathu esikhulu se-nosebleed yi-traumatic digital-okunye okubizwa ngokuthi uyayikhetha.
Usizo lokuqala lwe-nosebleed luhlanganisa:
- Hamba phambili, hhayi emuva.
- Gcoba ikhala ngaphansi kwebhuloho. Ungafaki amacici avaliwe ngokuchofoza phansi.
- Hlola emva kwemizuzu emihlanu ukubona ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi sekumile. Uma kungenjalo, qhubeka uphaqa bese uhlola ngemva kwamaminithi angu-10.
- Ungasebenzisa futhi iphakethe elibandayo ebhuloho lekhaleni ngenkathi uphazamisa.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lwe-Frostbite
I-frostbite iyenzeka lapho izicubu zomzimba ziqhwaza kakhulu emakhazeni. Amakristalu e-ice akha ama-tissue abangela ukulimala kwamaseli. Lokhu okuphambene nokushisa, kodwa kufana nokulimala okufanayo esikhumbeni.
Ukwelapha ama-frostbite yinkambinkimbi epholile yokufudumala kancane kancane. Uma kunokwenzeka, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngabachwepheshe esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Okokuqala, phuma emakhazeni. Izindawo ezincane ze-frostbite ezincane zingahle zivuselele ngokuxhumana nomzimba, kodwa gwema ukusebenzisa noma yimiphi imithombo yokushisa noma amaphakethe ashisayo.
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuwenza esikhungweni sezokwelapha, sebenzisa amanzi okufudumala (98 kuya ku-105 F) ukuze uvuselele. Ungagibisi indawo ethintekile noma usebenzise imithombo yokushisa.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lwezinyosi zezinyosi
Izinyosi zezinyosi zingamzwisa ubuhlungu noma zibulale, kuncike ekutheni isisulu sibhekene nesifo senhlungu. Sebenzisa lezi zeluleko zokusiza kuqala zezinyosi :
- Thola i-stinger ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi indlela ongayenza ukuze uvimbele ubuhlungu obuningi obulethwa. Kuyinkolelo yokuthi noma iyiphi indlela ethile ingcono noma imbi kakhulu.
- Uma lo muntu eyaziwa ukuthi unesizathu sokugaya i-bee stings, sebenzisa i-EpiPen ukuvimbela i-anaphylaxis noma ukushayela u-911 uma kungatholakali.
- Sebenzisa iphakethe elibandayo ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala kusayithi, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungabangeli amaqhwa .
- Sebenzisa i-antihistamine efana no-Benadryl (diphenhydramine) ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokushaya.
- Zama ibuprofen noma iTylenol (i-acetaminophen) ngobuhlungu.
- Ukuqapha umuntu owayegunwe yizibonakaliso ze- anaphylaxis , kuhlanganise nomuthi, ukubomvu noma ukushaya kwezinye izindawo zomzimba, nokuphefumula.
Usizo oluyisisekelo lokuqala lwe-Jellyfish Stings
Inkinga nge-jellyfish yukuthi bahlehlisa izisulu zabo. Abagibeli bahamba ngomzuzu owodwa ngasolwandle, futhi bezwa u-sting we-jellyfish olandelayo. Uthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuqala zokusiza ama-jellyfish stings .
- Hlanza indawo ye-sting ngokukhululekile ngeviniga okungenani imizuzwana engu-30. Uma ungenayo uviniga, sisebenzise i-baking soda slurry esikhundleni.
- Gcwalisa indawo ethintekile emanzini ashisayo, njengoba kushisa njengoba umuntu engakwazi ukubekezelela, okungenani imizuzu engu-20 noma kuze kube yilapho ubuhlungu buphela. Uma amanzi ashisayo engatholakali, sebenzisa amaphakethe ashisayo omisiwe. Uma lezo zingekho, sebenzisa amaphakethe owomile. Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ubuhlungu azikwazi ukusebenza kangcono (njenge-urine, ukugeza kwamanzi amasha, i-tenderazer ye-papain noma inyama).
- Ungasebenzisi i-bandage yokucindezela.
> Imithombo:
> Berg RA, Hemphill R, Abella BS, et al. Ingxenye 5: Ukusekelwa KwamaMpilo Okuyisisekelo Yabantu abadala: Izinkombandlela ze-American Heart Association zango-2010 ze-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwempilo Ephuthumayo. Ukujikeleza . 2010; 122 (18_suppl_3). i-doi: 10.1161 / i-circulationaha.110.970939.
> Markenson D, uFerguson JD, uChameides L, et al. Ingxenye 17: Usizo Lokuqala: 2010 I-American Heart Association kanye ne-American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid. Ukujikeleza . 2010; 122 (18_suppl_3). i-doi: 10.1161 / i-circulationaha.110.971150.