Izinambuzane ziyaluma . Ngokuvamile kuyisiyaluyalu. Kodwa nge-bite ngayinye, kungase kube ngaphezulu. Kunethuba elincane lokuthi bangasakaza izifo, kanti nakuba lokho kubonakala kunesabekayo, khumbula ukuthi nje ukuba nomswane namagciwane azungeze akwanele. Kumele kube igciwane elifanele lomlenze olungile endaweni efanele. Izinambuzane zingadala inkinga uma ngabe amagciwane afanele nezinye izifo eziphilayo zikhona.
I-virus efanele, umlenze olungile, nendawo efanele ibonakala sengathi ihlezi ngaphezulu. Sibheke ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwana nge-umiyane . Lokhu akusho nje iZika, kodwa futhi i- Chikungunya , iDengue , ne- yellow fever . Lezi amagciwane zivele ngokuzumayo lapho zingalindeleke khona, ikakhulu emazweni aseMelika, kodwa nase-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ingabe i-Mayaro Virus ingabe i-New Bug ku-Block?
Isampula lebhu kusuka kumfana onomkhuhlane eHaiti ngo-2015 uboniswe ukuthi ulungile kuMearoaro. Igciwane alikaze libonwe eHaiti ngaphambili. Zonke izimo zangaphambili zabonakala eNingizimu Melika.
Kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane likhona lapho, lingabonakali nje. Igciwane cishe lafika eNingizimu Melika kusukela e-Afrika eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ngaphandle kwekhono lomthamo lokuhlola leli gciwane, kungenzeka ukuthi amanye amacala ayecatshangwa ukuthi abe yiDengue noma akakaze atholakale nhlobo.
Igciwane elibonwayo linomzali ohlukile kunamanye amazwe amaningi asanda kubonakala eNingizimu Melika.
Unomlando ofana nobunzima obutholakala eBrazil eminyakeni engama-50 edlule.
Ngokuzibonela phambili, kwabonakala ukuthi uZika wayekade eseHaiti ngaphambi kokuthi abonakale eBrazil (nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi seBrazil ngaphambili). Kodwa nge-Zika, igciwane lavela eNingizimu Pacific. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane selibe seHaiti eside kunalokho esazi.
Asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi iMaaroaro izosakazeka ngokuzumayo, kodwa kuyoba kuhle ukuhlala ubukela ama-virus.
Izimpawu zeMayaro Virus Diabetes
Lesi sifo esibangelwa igciwane le-Mayaro (MAYV) siqala ngokuzumayo futhi ngokuvamile sihlala izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Lesi sifo singabandakanya umkhuhlane, ama-aches ahlangene, izinhlungu zomzimba, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu beso (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwamehlo), ukuqhuma, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlanza nokuhuda. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi zenzeke.
Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi esifushane, kodwa kungaholela ekuhluphekeni okuhlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungaba inkinga yangempela kulabo abathintekayo ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo noma obuhlala njalo. Lezi zinhlungu zingase zibe ikakhulukazi emagqumeni, amadolo, noma izandla futhi zingakwazi ukukhubazeka, okwenze kube nzima ukuhamba noma ukubhala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe. Iningi labantu lihle kakhulu emva kwalokho.
Akube khona imibiko yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kepha igciwane alizange lifundwe kanye nezinye izifo ngoba akuvamile futhi zitholakala ezindaweni ezikude.
Kuphi I-Virus Ye-Mayaro Eyosakazeka?
Lokhu kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi. Iningi lalo lixhomeke kulokho omiyane abakhona futhi ngabe la mbuyane bangasakaza leli gciwane. Akuzona zonke izinambuzane ezisakaze wonke amagciwane akhulelwe umiyane.
Umswakama ovame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-Mayaro virus utholakala kakhulu eNingizimu Melika ( Haemagogus janthinomys). Lokhu kwakucatshangwa ukuthi yingxenye yesizathu sokuthi igciwane laliyilapho - futhi hhayi kwenye indawo.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezehlukene ezimiyane ezihlotshaniswayo (ezihlanganisa iMansonia venezuelensis nezinye izinyosi ze- Culex ).
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba sonke esiphila kude ne-Amazon, igciwane lingakwazi ukusakazeka ngezinyosi ze-Aedes (okufana no-Aedes aegypti). Lokhu kungumsoco ofanayo oye wasakaza iZika, Dengue, kanye neChikungunya. Aedes aegypti itholakala emazweni amaningi aseMelika, e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Umiyane ungatholakala kwezinye izifunda engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-US.
Izindawo
Igciwane ngokuvamile lisakazeka emahlathini.
Kwatholakala okokuqala ngawo-1950 phakathi kwabasebenzi ehlathini eTrinidad. Kukhona idolobha futhi lihlala eTrinidad okuthiwa iMearoaro, okuyindawo lapho igciwane leMearoaro laqala khona. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi abantu abaqhamuka ezincane kanye nabahambi ababuya babuye bathola ukuthi banegciwane noma ama-antibodies egazini. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhanjiswa kubhalwe eBrazil, Venezuela, Peru, French Guyana, Ecuador, Bolivia, Suriname, kanye naseTrinidad naseTobago naseHaiti manje.
Ama-antibodies atholakala kude enyakatho njengePanama, eCosta Rica, eGuatemala naseMexico. Kungenzeka ukuthi leli gciwane liye lasakazeka kakhulu kunalokho esazi.
Ukufana, Ukuvivinya, UkuHlelwa, nokuPhathwa
I-Mayaro injenge-Dengue ne-Chikungunya, kanye ne-Zika. Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlanganiswa kungahle kubonakale kufaneka kuzo zonke lezi zifo ngakho-ke ukutheleleka kungase kungabonakali kahle.
Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwegciwane le-Mayaro. Lezi zibuka ama-antibodies, kanye ngqo negciwane. Lokhu kungenziwa kumalabhu okudluliselwa okukhethekile, njenge-CDC. Lokhu akusivivinyo esingasetshenziswa emtholampilo wendawo noma esibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola okwelashwa kanye nokuhlola okuyisisekelo kuzokwenza ukuthi igciwane libukeke sengathi liyi-dengue. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhu kuvame ukukhombisa amaplatelet aphansi kanye nesibalo se-white white cell, njenge-Dengue.
Awukho umgomo okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okusebenzayo emgodini wokugoma, njengokungathi kukhona umsebenzi ku- vaccine yeZika .
I-Mayaro i-Alphavirus, engowomndeni wakwa-Togaviridae we-virus. Ezinye i-Alphaviruses zifaka igciwane le-Chikungunya, i-Eastern equine encephalitis virus, igciwane le-O'Nyong Nyong, i-Ross River virus kanye ne-virus ye-Barmah Forest. Kunezinye eziningi ze-Alphavirus ezithinta abantu, izilwane ezincelisayo (kuhlanganise namahhashi), nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, njengezinyoni eziningi.
Ukunyuka kwamaVirus
Isiqephu esikhulu salokhu ukuhlanganiswa kwembulunga yonke.
Ukuhamba, kokubili kwendawo nakwamanye amazwe, kushukumisela izimbungulu ukusuka lapho zijwayele khona manje lapho zingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutheleleka okuvame kodwa okungaqineki kungathi, lapho kuthathwa endaweni ethile entsha, ukutheleleka wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, abantu abaningi bangathola ukutheleleka lapho beyizingane (ngoba kwakuvame kakhulu, kwakunzima ukukwenza kube umuntu omdala ngaphandle kokuthola). Kodwa-ke, uma ukutheleleka kuthengiswa endaweni ethile ngokuphelele, kungase kusakazeke ngokuzumayo kuwo wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa njengoba kungekho muntu owake waba nayo ngaphambili. Kule ndawo entsha, akukho mkhuhlane wezinkomo ; akekho omzimba omzimba futhi wonke umuntu uyakuthola konke ngesikhathi esisodwa , hhayi nje izingane ezimbalwa ezithola ukugula ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kodwa kukhona okungaphezu nje kwembulunga yonke kanye nokuhamba. Izifo zisakaze manje ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:
- Ngezimo ezifudumele ezisekela ukusabalala kwamangqamuzana, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungase kusheshe ukusheshisa kwezifo.
- Abantu abaningi abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu futhi kusho ukuthi ukuhlala emadolobheni kukhulisa ukusakazeka kwamagciwane amasha.
- Umsebenzi omningi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni-njengokumbiwa kwezimayini, ukulima, noma izindawo zokuhlala-ungangenisa amagciwane amasha avela emahlathini abe yimadolobha.
- Ezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukunyakaza kwemfuyo noma ukuthutha okungaqondakali kwezimbungulu, kungasiza ukuletha izifo ngokunjalo.
- Izakhiwo zezeMpilo zingase zikhulise ezinye izifo uma izilingo ezifanele zingathathwa.
Ukulwa nama-Virus
Uma izimbungulu zihamba, sifunda izinto eziningi ngabo.
Okungase kubonakale sengathi ukutheleleka okuncane endaweni eyodwa kubonakala kuthwala izingozi eziningi kwenye indawo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubhekwa nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuhlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kodwa futhi ngoba izifo zingathinta abanye abantu ngokuhlukile.
Ukutheleleka okuvamile futhi kuthinta nje izingane zingase zihluke kakhulu uma zithinta wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ezinye izifo zihluke kakhulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nezinsana zizalwa ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kungabangela imiphumela engavamile uma ibonwe ngaphambili, njenge-microcephaly , ekuqaphelisweni . UZika akayedwa kulokhu. Kungenzeka into efanayo uma kuthiwa izinkukhu zishayelwa futhi esikhundleni sokutheleleka kuphela izingane, futhi nabesifazane abakhulelwe abanezingane ezinezingane ezinezinkinga ezincane noma ezinye izinkinga. Ngakho ukutheleleka esikwaziyo endaweni eyodwa kungase kungabi okunye kwenye indawo, kodwa njengoba sifunda kabanzi mayelana nabo, singabasiza kangcono.
> Imithombo:
> I-Mayaro Virus ku-Child ene-Acrivrily Illness. I-Haiti. 2015.
> I-Mayaro Virus Diabetes: I-Mosquito-Borne Zoonosis Ebonakalayo eNingizimu Melika YaseTropiki.
> Kanya C, et al. Ukudluliswa kokuhlola kwe-Mayaro Virus ngu- Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Okthoba 1; 85 (4): 750-757.
> I-Mayaro Virus: I-Agent New Human Disease Agent: II. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi kusuka egazini leziguli eTrinidad.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1957.6.1012#html_fulltext
> Mourão M, et al. I-Mayaro Fever eMzini WeManaus. Brazil. 2007-2008. I-Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Jan; 12 (1) 42-46.