Ungase uzwe igama elithi hypoxia lapho udokotela wakho ekhuluma ngesimo sakho sezokwelapha. Yini ngempela i-hypoxia, yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu, futhi yiziphi izimbangela ezikhona?
Sibutsetelo
I-Hypoxia ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi "umoya ophansi," kodwa ichazwa njengokuntuleka komthamo we-oksijeni ofinyelela emathanjeni omzimba. Ihluke ku-hypoxemia, okusho ukuthi inani elingafaneleli le-oksijini elihamba egazini.
I-hypoxia ingase ibe ngenxa ye-hypoxemia, isibonelo, uma inani elingafaneleli le-oksijini lifinyelela amathissi ngoba kukhona okwanele oksijini egazini, noma kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile.
Ukuntuleka kwamakhemikhali e-oxygen kuyaziwa nangokuthi "i-oxygen starvation". Uma ukungapheli okuphelele kwe-oksijeni kubonakala emaqenjini, kuthiwa yi-anoxia.
I-hypoxia ingathinta umzimba wonke (hypoxia jikelele), noma isici esithile noma indawo yomzimba (i-hypoxia yamathambo). Kungabuye kubhekwe njenge-acute noma engapheliyo, ngencazelo ephawulekayo yokuqala okusheshayo, nokusho okungapheli ukuthi i-hypoxia ibilokhu iqhubeka isikhathi esithile.
Izinhlobo
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hypoxia noma izizathu zokuthi akukho oksijini okwanele kuzicubu zomzimba. Lokhu kufaka:
- Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxia hypoxemic): Kulolu hlobo lwe-hypoxia, ama-tissu awunawo oksijini okwanele ngoba kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni egazini eligeleza izicubu. Hypoxic hypoxia ingabangelwa ukuphefumula okunganele kanye nezinye izimbangela.
- I-hypoxia ye-anemic: Lapho kusetshenzwa i-anemia, amazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin aholela ekunciphiseni kwegazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo ophefumulayo, ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini okuncishisiwe kunciphisa ama-tissue. I-anemia nayo ingabangela izimo eziningi.
- I-hypoxia eqhubekayo (hypoxia ejikelezayo): Leli fomu le-hypoxia libangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele, okwenza ukuthi i-oxygen encane itholakale ezicukwaneni.
- I-hypotiia ye-Histiotoxic: Nge-hypoticia ye-hertiotoxic, inani elanele le-oksijeni linyanyiswa emaphashini futhi linikezwe izicubu, kodwa izicubu azikwazi ukusebenzisa i-oxygen ekhona.
- I-hypoxia ye-Metabolic: I-hypoxia ye- metabolic iyenzeka uma kunesidingo esikhulu se-oksijini ngama-tissue kunokujwayelekile. I-oksijeni ingase ifakwe, ihanjiswe futhi isetshenziswe kahle yizicubu, kodwa ngenxa yesimo esivusa umzimba, asikwanele. Isibonelo salokhu yi- sepsis (isifo esingathí sina nesingathí sina.)
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-hypoxia zingahluka phakathi kwabantu abahlukene, nokuthi izimpawu ziye zaba khona isikhathi eside kangakanani. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ukuzondwa noma ukuphelelwa amandla ( syncope )
- Ukuphefumula ( dyspnea )
- Ukudideka, ukwehluleka, kanye / noma ukuntuleka kwesahlulelo
- Izinwele
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (i-tachycardia)
- Iphakanyisiwe izinga lokuphefumula (i-tachypnea)
- U-Euphoria nomqondo wenhlalakahle
- Ukulinganisa, ukuzwa okufudumele
- Ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi (isifo somfutho wegazi)
- Ukungabi nokuxhumana
- Izinguquko ezibonakalayo, njengombono womhubhe
- Ukubalwa kwesibalo segazi elibomvu (i- polycythemia ) kubantu abane hypoxia engapheli
- I-bluish tinge kuya ezindebeni nasezingxenyeni (i- cyanosis)
Imiphumela
Izitho ezithinteka kakhulu yi-hypoxia yizobuchopho, inhliziyo, nesibindi.
Uma i-hypoxia inzima, umonakalo ongaphenduki ungase uqale kungakapheli imizuzu emine kokuqala. I-coma, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokufa kungenzeka ezimweni ezimbi. I-hypoxia enesifo esingapheli, esingahambi kahle ingaphazamisa izitho ezinkulu zomzimba.
Lapho i-hypoxia ilukhuni, izimpawu zivame ukufaka ukuvumelanisa kwemoto nokuhluleka ukuhlulelwa. Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, umuntu nge-hypoxia ngezinye izikhathi ucatshangwa ngephutha ukuthi uphuzo utshwala.
I-hypoxia engapheli ivame ukuba nezimpawu ezehlukene, njengokukhathala, ukunganakwa, isikhathi sokubambezeleka sokubambezeleka, noma ukunciphisa amandla okusebenza.
Izimbangela
Akumangazi ukuthi izifo zamaphaphu ziyimbangela ebalulekile ye-hypoxia, kodwa kunezinye izimbangela eziningi.
Ezinye izimbangela zezinhlobo ezithile ze-hypoxia zifaka:
Izimbangela ze Hypoxia Hypoxicia
Kunezimbangela ezihlukahlukene ze-hypoxia kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezincane zezicubu zomzimba. Lezi zimbangela zingadlulisa umthamo kusuka ezinkingeni ezingeni lezinhliziyo ezibangelwa izizathu ezingezona ezokwelapha ezifana nokuya esifundeni lapho ukuphakama kuphakeme kunekhaya.
- Ukugula kwe-Altitude: I-FAA itusa umoya we-oksijini wokuhambisa izindiza ezinamamitha angaphezu kwamamitha angu-10 000 nangaphezu kuka-6 000 ebusuku (ngoba umbono womshayeli uzwela kakhulu emoyeni).
- Izimo zokuphunga : Ukungenwa kwemimoya enganele ngokwamaphaphu ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne- COPD , i- asthma , umdlavuza wamaphaphu , i- pneumonia , isifo se-rheumatoid lungamaphaphu , nesifo somfutho wegazi we-pulmonary .
- I-Hypoventilation: I- Hypoventilation isho ukuthi "hhayi ukuphefumula ngokwanele." Lokhu kungaba "phakathi" uma ubuchopho bungazi ukuthi amaphaphu aphefumule, njengalapho ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, ngenxa yokulimala noma ukulimala kwekhanda, njengomphumela ohlangothini wemithi ubuhlungu, noma ukusabela kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Kungase futhi kube "yinkimbinkimbi" ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwemimoya ephazamisa ukuphefumula, njengokungqubuzana (uma umzimba wangaphandle ungena emgwaqweni noma emanzini amakhulu emaphashini), ukucwiliswa, ukuphelelwa amandla, noma ukuboshwa komzimba lapho ukuphefumula kuyeka .
Izimbangela ze-Hypoxia ye-Anemic
- I-anemia yanoma yisiphi isizathu: Lokhu kungabandakanya ukungenwa kwe-iron okunempilo , i- anemia enobungozi , kanye ne-anemia ekhishwa ngamakhemikhali .
- Ukushona kwesimiso: Ukushona kwemithi kungabonakala, okufana nokulimala okuqhubekayo engozini, noma kufihlwe ngenxa yokuphuma kwangaphakathi.
- I-Methemoglobinemia: I- Methemoglobinemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hypoxia ebumbene, i-hemoglobin engavamile engahlanganisi kahle i-oxygen.
- Uketshezi lwe-Carbon monoxide: Nge- carbon carbon monoxide , i-hemoglobin ayikwazi ukubopha i-oxygen.
Izimbangela ze-Hypoxia ejikelezayo / eqhubekayo
- I-Edema: i- Edema , ukuvuvukala kwezicubu (njengokusuka kwenhliziyo ), kunganciphisa ikhono le-oksijeni elikhona egazini ukuze lifinyelele ngokwanele izicubu.
- I-hypocia ye-Ischemic: Ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi okwenza i-oksijeni, kufana ne-clot emgodini we-coronary ( ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ), kungavimbela izicubu ukuthi zithole umoya-mpilo.
Izimbangela ze-Histiotoxic Hypoxia
- I-poisoning ye-Cyanide
Uvivinya Udokotela Wakho May Order
Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezihlukahlukene udokotela wakho angase azenze ukuze aqonde kangcono ukuthi kungani uhlangabezana nezimpawu zomoya ophansi (izinga eliphansi lomoya-mpilo ezithombeni zakho,) Ngisho noma imbangela ye-hypoxia yakho iyaziwa, izifundo ze-laboratory kanye ne-radiological zingaba esetshenziselwa ukuthola imbangela enkulu yezimpawu zakho. Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa uma u-hypoxia zifaka:
- I-Oximetry (ene-pulse oximeter) ukuqapha izinga le-oksijini egazini lakho.
- Amagesi egazi asezingeni eliphansi ukuhlola isimo sakho sokuphefumula nesimo somzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Izivivinyo ze-Lab ezithintekayo Faka inani eliphelele legazi ( CBC ) ukuze ubheke i-anemia (isibalo esiphansi se-cell cell) noma izimpawu zokutheleleka.
- EKG ukubuka noma yiziphi izimpawu zenhliziyo, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile.
- X-ray noma i- CT yesifuba sakho ukufuna izifo zamaphaphu, i-pneumothorax, noma ukutheleleka.
- I-bronchoscopy ukufuna umzimba wangaphandle noma esinye isizathu sokuvimbela emoyeni, njengengculazi.
- I-CT noma i-MRI yekhanda lakho ukubheka ukungaqondakali kobuchopho okungase kugweme ukuphefumula njengama-tumors, ukuphuma kwegazi, noma ukushaya.
- I-Echocardiogram ukuze uhlole ukunyakaza kwenhliziyo futhi ubheke umonakalo noma okungajwayelekile emagodini enhliziyo noma enhliziyweni.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoxia kuzoxhomeka kubangelwa imbangela. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, kunezimo ezihlukahlukene nezindlela ezithinta lezo zimiso, phakathi kwabantu abahlukene. "i-organ" ekubonisweni ivame ukuhluka.
Ngesikhathi wena nodokotela wakho bebambisana ukuze nithole imbangela, angancoma ukwelapha oksijini uma ungaphefumuli noma uneminye impawu ebonisa ukuthi i-hypoxia elinganisiwe noma enamandla. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, umoya wokuphuza umoya onomshini ungase udingeke.
I-hyperbaric yokwelapha oksijini ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okukhulu kwe-tishu ye-hypoxia. Amazinga okwanda oksijini anikezwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngezinye izikhathi angathuthukisa ukukhipha imfucuza ngendlela engenakwenzeka.
> Umthombo:
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.