I-Autism ne "Inkolelo Yengqondo"
"Inkolelo yengqondo" ichaza ikhono lomuntu lokuqonda ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu oyedwa azi ukuthi kwenzekani emqondweni womunye umuntu. "Inkolelo yengqondo" izwakala njengengqondo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa eqinisweni, ngokuvamile iqondwa yizingane ngaphambi kokuba ineminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Umntwana owazi kahle inkolelo yengqondo uyaqonda lokhu isibonelo:
- Uma befihla, abanye abantu abazi ukuthi bakuphi.
- Uma becabanga umqondo noma abe nomzwelo, kodwa ungakhulumi, lo mcabango noma umzwelo awukhulumi kwabanye (nokuthi abanye bangabelani ngemicabango yabo).
- Ukuthandwa kwabo nokungathandeki kungabelana noma kungabi nabanye - futhi abanye bangase babe nezintandokazi nokuthandwa ngokuphelele.
- Unolwazi lokuthi omunye ongenalo, kumele axhumane nolwazi noma ingozi ekungaqondiswanga kahle.
- Uma bebona into abanye abangayiboni, bayazi okuthile abanye abantu abakwaziyo.
Abantu Abazimele Bafuna Ukucabanga-Ukufunda Kunzima
Imfundiso yengqondo ingase ibe yinto engafaneleki kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala kule ndawo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi abantu abane-autism abalaleli uzwela , kodwa kunzima ukuthi baphinde bacabange izizathu zabanye , izinhloso, noma ama-ajenda afihliwe .
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinselelo zifaka ubunzima ngokufunda izibuko ezibucayi nezilimi zomzimba.
Isibonelo, kungase kube nzima kubantu be-autistic ukuba bafunde noma ngabe amashiya aphakanyisiwe ayisimangaliso sokumangala, ukwesaba, noma ukungavunyelwa.
Amathoni wezwi angaba yinkinga. Isibonelo, sisebenzisa izinguquko ezicashile kukho ithoni ne-prosody ukuveza umqondo wokuthi sihleka, sarcastic, disbelieving, njalonjalo. Kodwa uma abantu be-autistic bengakwazi ukuqaphela lezo zinguquko ezicashile, bangase bathathe ama-jokers ngokungathí sina, noma bakholwe ukuthi isitatimende sokuthukuthela siqotho.
Ngenxa yalokho, abantu e-spectrum bavame ukungaqondi kahle izisusa noma izifiso zabanye abantu. Bangase bahluleke ukuxhumana ngolwazi noma ukukhuthaza izidingo zabo siqu. Ukunzima ngombono wengqondo kungenza futhi abantu be-autistic bavikeleke kakhulu ekudukisweni, ukuxhashazwa noma ukuxhashazwa.
I-Autism ne-"Mind-Blindness"
Umcwaningi uSimon Baron-Cohen uchaza i-Theory of Mind ngokuthi "... ukuba akwazi ukunikeza uhla oluphelele lwezinkulumo ezingokwengqondo (izinkolelo, izifiso, izinhloso, umcabango , imizwelo, njll.) Okwenza isinyathelo. Ngamafuphi, unombono wengqondo uzokwazi ukucabanga ngokuqukethwe kwezingqondo zomuntu siqu nezomunye. " UBaron-Cohen wakhetha isikhathi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwengqondo eyayibiza ngokuthi "ukucabanga kwengqondo."
Abacwaningi kuhlanganise noBaron-Cohen no-Uta Frith bakholelwa ukuthi ukucabangela kwengqondo kwezinga elithile kukhona kubo bonke abantu abaku-autism spectrum. Bazizwa nokuthi ukungabi ncamango kwengqondo kubangelwa ukuhlukana kwezinzwa, futhi leyo mbono isekelwe ucwaningo.
Kulabo bantu ku-autism spectrum abanekhono elinamandla lokuqonda , kungenzeka ukwakha amanye amakhono "okufunda ingqondo" ngokusebenzisa umkhuba, ingxoxo, nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi. Ngisho nangokwenza nokuqeqeshwa, noma kunjalo, ukucabanga okuyimpumputhe kungenzeka kube yinkinga kubo bonke abantu abaku-autism inselele kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo.
Imithombo:
UBaron-Cohen, uSimon. Umbono Wengqondo Ngokuthuthukiswa Okuvamile Ne-Autism. UPrisme , 2001, 34, 174-183.
I-Chevallier C, i-Noveck I, i-Happe F, i-Wilson D. "Yini eVeniwe? I-Prosody njenge-Case Case ye-Theory of Mind Akhawunti ye-Autism.
Frith, Uta. Ukuphulukisa kwengqondo nobuchopho ku-Autism. I-Neuron, Umq. 32, 969-979, ngoDisemba 20, 2001.
I-Kana, Rajesh, et al. Ama-Brain Networks kanye ne-White Matter Underlying I-Theory-of-Mind ku-Autism.Izizwe Zengqondo Nezici Neuroscience (2014) 9 (1): 98-105.
I-Tager-Flusberg, uHelen. Ukuhlola i-Theory of Mind Hypothesis ye-Autism. Izikhombisi-ndlela zamanje kwiScience Psychological, December 2007. Vol 16 no. 6 311-315.