I-papillomavirus yabantu, noma i- HPV , ukutheleleka kujwayelekile kakhulu. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abadala abenza ucansi bahlolelwe i-HPV noma kunini. Akuzona zonke lezo zifo ezifanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ze-HPV, eziningi zazo ezisakazwa ngokocansi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zibhekwa njengengozi enkulu . Lezi zinhlobo zihlotshaniswa nobungozi obandayo bezinhlobo zamanqamu kumabesilisa nabesifazane.
Ezinye izinhlobo zibhekwa njengengozi encane. Lezi zinhlayiya zihlotshaniswa nezimpi zomzimba .
Ngoba i-HPV isakazeka kusuka isikhumba esikhumbeni , amakhondomu awavikeleki ngokuphelele ekutheleleni. Yingakho kwaba mnandi kakhulu kubantu abaningi lapho kuqala ukwelashwa kwe-HPV yokuqala. Leyo gonyolo, i-Gardasil, ivikelekile ezinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu eziphezulu kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ezengozini ye-HPV. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, omunye umuthi, uCervarix, wakhululwa owagxila ekucindezelweni okukhulu. Lezi zinsuku, kunezinyanga ezintathu ze-HPV . Umuthi wokugoma wesithathu ungumbhalo omusha we-Gardasil okuthiwa i-Gardasil-9 evikela izinhlobo ezingu-9 ze-HPV.
Imigomo ayilungile. Kodwa-ke, amazwe asebenesifo esihle sokugoma abuye abone izinombolo zomdlavuza wesibeletho . Ngakho kungani izingane eziningi zaseMelika zithola umgomo we-HPV?
Izinzuzo ze-HPV Vaccine By The Numeri
Emazweni, afana ne-Australia, lapho abesifazane abaningi abasha banikezwa khona ukugoma oku-4-strain HPV (Gardasil) ngaphambi kokuba bavezwe igciwane, imiphumela ibe eyingqayizivele.
Ukubuyekezwa kwesifundo se-2016 sezincwadi ezitholwe ukuthi kwakukhona:
- Amaphesenti angama-90 okutheleleka nge-HPV 6, 11, 16, no-18. Lezi yizinhlobo ezine ezivikelwe i-Gardasil.
- Amaphesenti angama-90 ambalwa wezingxabano zangasese.
- Amaphesenti angu-45 okuxilongwa okuncane kwezinguquko ezingeni eliphansi lomlomo wesibeletho .
- Amaphesenti angama-85 okuxilongwa okuncane okuguqulwa kwesibindi somlomo wesibeletho. Lezi yizinhlobo zezinguquko ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze lezi zinzuzo zibonwe, abantu abasha kufanele bathole ukugoma kwe-HPV. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele bathole umgomo ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukulala.
Amanye amazwe enza kahle kakhulu lapho abantu begonywa. Ngo-2014, cishe amaphesenti amathathu kwamantombazane ase-Australia ayegonywe. IDenmark, iHungary, i-Ireland, iNorway, iPortugal, iSweden, ne-United Kingdom yonke inomgomo wokugoma ngamaphesenti angu-80-90. Ngokuphambene nango-2014, amaphesenti angu-40 kuphela amantombazane aseMelika namaphesenti angu-22 abafana baseMelika ayegonywe.
Kungani i-America ihamba nge-HPV Vaccination Rates?
Umgomo we-HPV weza e-United States ekuqaleni kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yaso yokuqala kwakukhona izingxabano eziningi mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini kube yingxenye yezincomo zokugoma ezivamile. Abantu ekuqaleni babekhathazekile ngokuphepha. Sekuvele kuboniswe ukuthi ungumgomo ophephile kakhulu. Babekhathazekile nokuthi umgomo we-HPV ungakhuthaza abantu abasha ukuba babe nobulili obukhulu . Yilokho into ekhonjisiwe ukuthi ayiqiniso.
Namuhla, i-American Academy of Pediatrics ikhuthaza ukugoma kwe-HPV yesikhashana yamadoda nabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-11 no-12. Ngakho kungani amanani okugoma awela ngemuva kwezinye izizwe eziningi ezithuthukile?
Kunezizathu eziningi. Akukho myalelo othize:
- Odokotela abenzi umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlala njalo bekhuthaza ukugoma kwabagulayo kanye nabazali babo.
- Abazali abaqapheli ukuthi umgomo uyadingeka kwabesilisa nabesifazane abasha. Ngakho-ke, abazi ukuthi bayayicela noma mayelana nayo.
- Lapho abazali beyiqaphela, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukugoma kwe-HPV kubalulekile njengamanye amagciwane. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokunciphisa ukugoma kokubantwana okubonakala kuwo wonke ama-United States. Ukwenyuka kweminye imithi yokugoma kubangelwa ukwesaba kwabazali ngokugoma. Lokhu kwesaba akusekelwe kwisayensi. Bahluleka ukuqaphela ukuthi imigomo yimiyalo eminingi yokuphepha okukhulu kakhulu kunezifo ezenzelwe ukuvimbela.
- Abazali bakhathazekile ngezindleko zomuthi wokugoma. Bakhathazekile futhi izindleko zokuvakashelwa okudingekayo ukuze bathole umgomo. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi abamukeli be-Medicaid bathola umgomo kaningi kaningi kunezo zomshuwalense wangasese. Lokhu kungaba ngezizathu eziningana. Enye yalezi zizathu yindleko ephansi yokufuna ukunakekelwa lapho kungadingeki ukhokhe ukuhambela okukhokhayo.
- Imishanguzo ye-HPV ayitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzo zonke izindawo zase-United States. Ukutholakala kuyahlukahluka kuncike lapho abantu banakekelwa khona.
Kunezindlela zokulungisa lezi zinkinga. Izinhlelo zezemfundo zingasiza ukufundisa odokotela ngokubaluleka kokugoma komzimba. Ngaleyo ndlela, odokotela bangafunda okwengeziwe kokubili umgomo kanye nendlela yokukhuluma ngayo ngezindlela ezifanelekile zendabuko. Imishanguzo ye-HPV ingenziwa yingxenye yezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela. Lokhu kungenza ukukhulumisana nabo kube lula kubazali nakudokotela ngokufanayo. Amarekhodi wezokwelapha ze-elekthronikhi angathuthukiswa futhi ukufinyelela emtholampilo kungandiswa. Lokhu kungasiza odokotela ukubona abantu abadinga umgomo. Kungase futhi kusho ukuthi abazali kanye nentsha bayoba nezinketho eziningi lapho bangathola khona izibhamu zabo.
Okokugcina, abazali kanye nentsha badinga ukuthola ulwazi olungcono mayelana nokugoma kwe-HPV. Uma abantu abaningi beqonda izinzuzo kubafana namantombazane, kungenzeka ukuthi banesithakazelo ekutholeni. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kudingeka bafunde ukuthi ukuthola umgomo we-HPV akukona ngokuya ocansini. Ngokuphathelene nokuvikela impilo.
> Imithombo:
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> Holman DM, Benard V, Roland KB, Watson M, Liddon N, Stokley S. Izithiyo zokugoma komuntu we-papillomavirus phakathi kwentsha yase-US: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezincwadi. I-JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jan; 168 (1): 76-82. i-doi: 10.1001 / i-jamapediatrics.2013.2752.
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> Peterson CE, Dykens JA, Brewer NT, Buscemi J, Watson K, Comer-Hagans D, Ramamonjiarivelo Z, Fitzgibbon M. Society yemithi yokuziphatha isekela ukwandiswa kokugoma kwe-HPV: ithuba eliphuthumayo lokuvimbela umdlavuza. Humusha i-Behav Med. I-2016 Dec; 6 (4): 672-675.
> Townsend JS, Steele CB, Hayes N, Bhatt A, Moore AR. Umgomo we-Human Papillomavirus njenge-Anticancer Vaccine: Imizamo Yokusebenzisana Yokugqugquzela Umuthi Wokugomela I-Papillomavirus Human ohlelweni lweNational Comprehensive Control Program. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017 Mar; 26 (3): 200-206. doi: 10.1089 / jwh.2017.6351.