9 Izinto Okufanele Uzazi Nge-Papillomavirus Yabantu (HPV)

Naphezu kokuqwashisa okubanzi komphakathi, ukungaqondi kahle kuhlale

I-papillomavirus yomuntu (i-HPV) isifo sofuba esasakazeka ngokuxhumana kocansi ngesikhumba. I-HPV inamagciwane angaphezu kuka-100 ahlukahlukene okungenani ama-30 ayihlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza. Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-96 emdlavuza wesibeletho kanye namaphesenti angu-93 ekhansela elidala ahlotshaniswa namafomu aphezulu e-HPV.

Umdlavuza we-Penile nomdlavuza we- oropharyngeal (umdlavuza we-middle part of the throat ngemuva kolimi) nazo zihlobene nezinkinga eziphezulu.

Naphezu kokwaziswa okwengeziwe ngegciwane kanye nemigomo ehloselwe ukuyivimbela , kukhona ukudideka okuningi mayelana ne-HPV ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu ngeke kuholele ekwelapheni okulibazisekile uma ungaphuthelwa izimpawu zokutheleleka, kungakubeka engozini yokuthola noma ukusakaza igciwane kwabanye

Nazi amaqiniso ayisishiyagalolunye okubalulekile wonke umuntu okufanele azi mayelana ne-papillomavirus yomuntu:

1 -

I-HPV Iningi Ngokuvamile Kunokuba Ungacabange

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 banesandulela nge-HPV, okwenza kube yisifo esisodwa esisodwa kakhulu esithathelwana ngocansi e-US

Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), phakathi kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-18 no-69, amaphesenti angu-42.5 anesifo sengculaza se-HPV kanti amaphesenti angu-7.3 anesifo se-HPV ngomlomo

Kuvamile, empeleni, ukuthi abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi cishe bonke abantu abanocansi bayothola igciwane ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.

2 -

Awudingi Ukulala Ngesifo Sokuthola I-HPV

I-HPV idluliselwa ngoxhumana naye ocansini ngesikhumba. Lokhu akumele sikhombise ukuthi ukulala komgwaqo kuyindlela eyodwa yokutheleleka. Eqinisweni, akudingeki ukungenelela kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo ukuze kuhanjiswe igciwane, futhi noma iyiphi indawo engavunyelwe ikhondomu ingatheleleka.

Ngokuvamile, ubulili nesandulela ngculazi yizinto ezithinta kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwe-HPV. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, igciwane lingadluliselwa ngezocansi zomlomo. Ingozi iyanda kuphela uma unezihlobo eziningi zobulili noma ulala ocansini nomuntu oye waba nabalingani abaningi.

3 -

Akuyona Yonke Inhlobo Ye-HPV Isifo Cancer

I-HPV iyiqembu lama-virus angaphezu kuka-100 ahlukene. Ezinye ziyizinkinga eziphezulu ezihambisana nomdlavuza; ezinye izinhlobo zengozi ephansi eyaziwa ukuthi ibangele izidakamizwa zobulili.

Izinkinga ezibhekwa njengengozi enkulu yizinhlobo ezingu-16 no-18 ezihlanganisa ndawonye amaphesenti amahlanu kuwo wonke amacala omdlavuza emhlabeni wonke.

Kukhona ukungaqondakali okuvamile phakathi kwabaningi ukuthi izimpi zamagciwane ziyisandulela somdlavuza. Lokhu akunjalo. Izinkinga ze-HPV ezibhekene nezimpi zobulili aziyazi ukuthi zenza umdlavuza.

Ngalokho kuthiwe, ukuba ne-wart yebunikazi akumele ikhombise ukuthi "uphephile." Abantu bangatheleleka ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV, futhi ukubukeka kwesigqebhezana kufanele kube uphawu oluyisixwayiso sokuthi ukutholakala kwezinkinga eziphezulu ezingengozini kungenzeka.

4 -

Kukhona I-Vaccine kodwa Akukho Ukwelashwa kwe-HPV

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezenza imishanguzo yesisu nangomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zingaphathwa kodwa zingelashwa. Ngokufanayo, izimpungushe zobulili zingelashwa ngokususa, kodwa ukususwa kwazo akuqedi igciwane lesisekelo.

Ngenkathi kunemithi yokugoma namuhla enganciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-HPV kubantu abesilisa nabesifazane abasha, akuyona imithi yokugoma futhi ayikwazi ukuvimbela igciwane kubantu asebevele benesifo.

5 -

Iningi labantu abane-HPV abanalo izibonakaliso

Awukwazi ukuthi kukhona umuntu onayo i-HPV ngokubheka noma ukufuna izimpingwane zobulili. Akusebenzi ngaleyo ndlela. Iningi labantu, empeleni, alinayo izibonakaliso zokutheleleka futhi lingase liqaphele kuphela isimo uma sinomphumela ongavamile we-Pap smear.

Kodwa, ngisho nakubantu abanezibonakaliso, ngokuvamile bazinakwa noma bangaqondwa kahle. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNational Cancer Institute lubonise ukuthi abangaphezu kwesigamu sabesifazane abanesifo sofuba ababengazi ukuthi babe ne-HPV, kanti nje ngaphansi kwezintathu ezimbili abazi ukuthi i-HPV ingabangela umdlavuza.

6 -

I-HPV Vaccine Akuvikeli Kuzo Zonke Izinkinga

Imishanguzo emithathu ye-HPV evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika ingavikela ezinye kodwa hhayi zonke izinhlobo ezinobungozi obuphezulu:

• I-Gardasil ivikela izinhlobo ezine ezivame kakhulu futhi ezibangela amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kuwo wonke ama-warts omzimba.
• I-Gardasil 9 ivikela ngezinkinga ezinhlanu ezengeziwe.
• I-Cervarix ivikela izimbambo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu eziphezulu kodwa azihlinzeki ngokuvikelwa emagqabeni ezitho zangasese.

Ngenkathi lezi zitofu zihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphelele, zingase zifinyeleleke kwabesifazane abane-HIV abavame ukuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngenxa yohlu lwe-HPV ye-atypical.

7 -

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV Kuhlukile Kwabesifazane Namadoda

Ukuhlolwa kwe- HPV kungenziwa kwabesifazane kanye nePap smear ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) okwamanje isekela ukuhlolwa kwesimiso emaqenjini elandelayo:

• Abesifazane 30 kuya ku-65 kufanele babe nokuhlolwa kwePap kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• Abesifazane abangaphansi kuka-30 abadingi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kodwa bangase bahlolwe phambi kwe-Pap smear engavamile.

Ngokuqondene namadoda, okwamanje akukho ukuhlola kwe-HPV etholakalayo ukuthola ukuthola i-HPV ngokocansi. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abathile bangase bahlole ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ku- Pap smear engalindelekile emadodeni asengozini (nabesifazane) abenza ubulili obuyitholayo.

I-CDC noma i-USPSTF ayinikeli noma yiziphi izincomo eziphathelene nokuhlolwa kwesilwane se-Pap esijwayelekile kumadoda noma abesifazane.

8 -

Abanye odokotela bahlukumeza ukuhlola i-HPV

Esinye sezizathu ezenza ama-ejensi ezempilo enqabe ukukhipha izincomo zokuhlola njalo ukuthi izinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwe-HPV namanje aziqinisekanga kakhulu.

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV okungalungile kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza, umphumela omuhle ngokuvamile awusho lutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi le-infections le-HPV lihamba eminyakeni emibili ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngenxa yalokho, umphumela omuhle ungabangela ukucindezeleka okungaphezu kokudingekile noma uphenyo lwezokwelapha oluqondile olungadingeki.

9 -

I-HPV Ukugonywa Akuyona Yabantu Abasha

I-CDC okwamanje iphakamisa ukugoma kwe-HPV kubo bonke abafana namantombazane abaneminyaka engu-11 noma 12. Babuye bayakuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-13 kuya ku-26 ubudala kanye nabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-13 kuya kwengu-21 abangakaqashiwe ngaphambilini.

Kodwa, ngenxa yokuthi uneminyaka engaphezulu kwengu-26 akusho ukuthi akufanele ugonywe. Amadoda abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abathintekayo (kubandakanya labo abanesandulela ngculaza) bangamaqembu i-CDC encoma ukuthi igonwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba iqhuba ingozi enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza wesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho kunabantu abaningi.

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesibeletho noma womdlavuza, ungangabazi ukucela udokotela wakho ukuba enze eyodwa. Kuyashesha, kulula, futhi kubiza cishe u-$ 100 (okungenzeka ukuthi umshwalense wakho ungakufihla).

> Imithombo

• > Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Ukukhula kwe-HPV kubantu abadala abakhulile 18-69: i-United States, 2011-2014." Imininingwane ye-NHCS. 2017; 208: 1-8.
• > Koshiol, J .; UFinnney-Rutten, uL .; UMoser, R .; et al. "Ulwazi Lwe-Papillomavirus Yabantu: Ukungafani Nokwelashwa Kwama-Genital Warts ne-Sociodemographic Character." J Health Commun. 2009; 14 (4): 331-345.
• > I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). "Umdlavuza wesibeletho: Ukuhlolwa." I-Rockville, e-Maryland; Mashi 2012.