KuVivo vs In Vitro - Incazelo, ukufana nokuhluka
Uma ngabe ufunda izifundo zezokwelapha, cishe uke wabona ukuthi ezinye "ziyi-vivo" kanti ezinye "ziyi-vitro." Ziyini izincazelo kanye nokungafani kwalemigomo, futhi kungani kubalulekile ekuqondeni ucwaningo lwezokwelapha?
Sibutsetelo
Incazelo: ku Vivo
Igama elithi vivo libhekisela ekuvivinyweni kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa noma inqubo eyenziwa noma (noma) nokuphila okuphilayo, njengesilwane se-laboratory noma umuntu.
Incazelo: ku-Vitro
Igama elithi in vitro, ngokungafani ne-vivo, libhekisela ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha noma ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ebhokisatri ngaphakathi kwesikhungo se-test noma i-laboratory dish.
Ukufana
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo noma izifundo zezokwelapha zingenziwa ku vivo noma ku-vitro. Lezi zindlela zifana nokuthi zenziwe zombili ukuze zenze intuthuko kolwazi lwethu kanye nokwelashwa kokugula nezifo kanye nokuqonda "kahle" nemisebenzi evamile yomzimba
Umehluko
Ngenkathi kukhona ukufana phakathi kokuhlola kwe-vivo ne-in vitro, futhi kokubili kubalulekile ukuqonda umzimba womuntu, kunemibono eminingi ebalulekile ekutheni lezi zifundo zenziwa kanjani, ukuthi zingachazwa kanjani, kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwanoma yikuphi ukutholakala okukhona okwenziwe.
Iziqu zezokwelapha ze-Vitro
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha (njengokubheka ikhono lomuthi wokwelapha umdlavuza) kuvame okokuqala kwenziwa nge-vitro-kungaba esitokisini sokuhlola noma isidlo se-laboratory.
Isibonelo sizokhula amangqamuzana omdlavuza esitsheni ngaphandle komzimba. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinombolo ezihlukahlukene ezivumela abacwaningi ukuba bakhule lawa maseli ahlukile komzimba.
Izifundo zivame ukuqhutshwa nge-vitro kuqala ngezizathu zokuziphatha. Ucwaningo lwe-in vitro luvumela ukuthi into efundwe ngokuphepha, njengoba abantu noma izilwane zingekho ngaphansi kwemiphumela emibi noma ubuthi besidakamizwa esisha.
Lokhu kuvumela abacwaningi ukuba bafunde ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nomuthi ngaphambi kokudalula abantu kulezi zinto ezingenzeka. Uma umuthi we- chemotherapy , isibonelo, awusebenzi emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza asetshenziselwa isidlo, kungabi yisimiso sokuthi abantu basebenzise lesi sidakamizwa futhi basongele ubuthi obukhona.
Ucwaningo lwe-in vitro lubalulekile ngoba luvumela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinyango ezintsha-izidakamizwa eziningi zingacutshungulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa (futhi zingafundiswa emanzini amaningi amasampula) futhi kuphela lezo ezibonakala ziphumelelayo ziqhubeke izifundo zabantu.
Ukungabi khona kwe-biokinetics, ekuqeshweni kwezokwelapha, kungenye yezinto ezingenakwenzeka ezifundweni ze-in vitro. Ukuntuleka kwe-biokinetics kanye nezinye izici ezinzima kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhipha imiphumela kulokho okulindeleke uma isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa ku vivo.
Ezivivinyweni ze-Vivo Clinical
Ngokungafani nezifundo ze-in vitro, izifundo ze-vivo ziyadingeka ukuze ubone ukuthi umzimba wonke uzophendula kanjani into ethile. Kwesinye isikhathi izifundo ze-vitro zezidakamizwa zizobe zithembisa, kodwa izifundo ezilandelayo ezilandelayo zihluleka ukubonisa noma yikuphi ukuphumelela (noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthola ukuthi izidakamizwa zingaphephile) uma zisetshenziselwa izinqubo eziningi eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa komzimba okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo emzimbeni.
Isibonelo sokuthi kudingeke kanjani ukuthi izifundo ze-vi vivo zihlolwe izidakamizwa ngokuphathelene nokunakekelwa kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni. Isidakamizwa esisha singase sibonakale sisebenza esidlweni, kodwa hhayi emzimbeni womuntu. Kungenzeka ukuthi izidakamizwa azitholakali uma zidlula esiswini, ngakho-ke inemiphumela emincane kubantu. Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, noma ngabe isidakamizwa sinikezwa ngaphakathi, kungenzeka ukuthi isidakamizwa siphulwa ngumzimba kunoma yiliphi inani lezimpendulo ezenzeka njalo, ngakho-ke, lesi sidakamizwa ngeke siphumelele uma sisetshenziswa ngqo kubantu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izikhathi eziningi ezifundweni ze-vivo zenziwa kuqala ezilwaneni ezingewona abantu ezifana namagundane.
Lezi zifundo zivumela abacwaningi ithuba lokubona ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani kwezinye izinqubo zomzimba. Kodwa amagundane nabantu banokuhlukana okubalulekile. Ngezinye izikhathi izidakamizwa eziphumelelayo kumagundane ngeke ziphumelele kubantu (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho) ngenxa yokungafani okwenziwe kuzo izinhlobo.
Izifundo ezincwadini
Uma ubheka izifundo ezenzelwe ukuhlola ukwelapha umdlavuza-noma noma yiziphi ezinye zokwelashwa-ukuhlola ukubona uhlobo oluthile lwesifundo (in vivo vs in vitro) kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqala. Ucwaningo lwe-in vitro lubaluleke kakhulu futhi lubeka umgogodla wokucwaninga okuqhubekayo, kodwa eziningi zalezi zifundo zimemezela iziphumo ezithakazelisayo-kodwa ngeke zikuthinte njengomuntu isikhathi esithile esizayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izifundo ze-vivo zibheke umphumela wangempela emzimbeni-kungaba isilwane se-laboratory noma umuntu. Kungase kube yisikhathi esithile-uma isifundo sisifundo sezilwane-kuze kube yilapho umuthi noma inqubo ihlolwa kubantu, kodwa isinyathelo esiseduze nokusetshenziswa empilweni yangempela.
Izibonelo: Izidakamizwa ezintsha ze- chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu zivame ukufundiswa nge-vitro ngaphambi kokuba zifundwe ku vivo ekuvivinyweni komtholampilo kubantu.
> Imithombo:
> FDA. Izifundo Zokusebenzisana Nezidakamizwa: Idizayini Yokufunda, Ukuhlaziywa Kwemininingwane, Impendulo Yezincomo Zokudoba Nokubhala. February 2012. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm292362.pdf
> Killkenny, C. et al. Ucwaningo lwezilwane: Ukubika ngokuhlolwa kwe-vivo: Imihlahlandlela EPHELA. I-British Journal ye-Pharmacology . 2010. 160 (7): 1577-179.
> Saeidnia, S., Manayi, A., noMnu Abdollahi. Ukusuka ku-In Vitro Ukuhlolwa Nezifundo Zomtholampilo; Ubuhle nobubi . Amakhomikhali okutholakala kwezidakamizwa zamanje . 2015. 12 (4): 218-24.