Incazelo:
Ukuhlukahluka kubhekisela ezinyathelweni zezinchungechunge ukuthi iseli liwela ukuze likhule. Njengoba iseli liqala, liqala ukukhombisa injongo yalo kanye nendima emzimbeni womuntu, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi umehluko.
Amaseli angase avuke ngoba akhula ngokushesha kusukela ekuqaleni, njengokuthuthukiswa kwengane esibelethweni; kodwa amangqamuzana omzimba ahluleka ukuhlukanisa abuye avele evamile kubantu abadala - ngokwesibonelo, ezinhlobonhlobo nasezikhungweni ezithatha indawo yamaseli endala ngamasha, njengamarrows.
Amaseli ahlukaniswe ngokugcwele yiwo esiwafundayo nge-biology eyisisekelo: amaseli egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana obuchopho noma ama-neurons noma amaseli omzimba, isibonelo. Ukuhlukahluka kuyindlela eyenza isiphetho se-cell esilula, inquma indima ehlukanisiwe yeseli kanye nemiphumela yezici ezithile ezihambisana nenjongo yeselula omdala. Iseli lesikhumba alifani neseli legazi, isibonelo. Iseli elivuthiwe, elihlukanise kahle kakhulu linendima ekhethekile kakhulu yokudlala, ngezici ezijwayelekile zesigungu noma izicubu lapho zihlala khona.
Ukuhlukahluka kweCanscer
Emdlavuza, inqubo yokuhlukanisa ingase ingenzeki ngokujwayelekile. Amaseli e-Cancer angabanjwa esigabeni esisodwa sokuhlukanisa, angase ahlelwe kancane futhi angeke asebenze kanye namaseli aphilile, aphilile. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi lawa maseli ahluke kakhulu kangangokuthi, ngaphansi kwe-microscope, awakuboni ngisho namaseli awakhula kuwo.
I-pathologists yila odokotela abaqeqeshwe ukuhlaziya amangqamuzana nama-tishu, afana nalabo abathunyelwe kuma-biopsy specimens, ukuzimisela ngezifo. Kwakuvame ukuba ukuthi i-pathologists incike ngokujulile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-morphology - ukuthi amangqamuzana abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwe-microscope: ubukhulu, ukuma noma ubucebe bombala lapho kusetshenziswa ama-dyes akhethekile namabala.
Lokhu kusenziwa, futhi inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuhlukaniswa, kodwa manje kukhona nezinye izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa futhi. Lezi zivivinyo zingakwazi ukubona amakhemikhali athile ngaphandle kwamaseli angase asetshenziswe ngezinye izikhathi ukutshela indlela ukuhlukanisa kahle ngayo iseli.
Ukuhlukahluka kwamanqamu egazi
Esinye sezizathu ezikhona izinhlobo eziningi ze-lymphomas ukuthi amasosha omzimba anezigaba eziningi zokuthuthukiswa, ukuhlukaniswa nokuvuthwa. Uma uke wafunda ukuthuthukiswa kwamaseli egazi, noma i-hematopoiesis , uyazi ukuthi akuyona into elula - kunezinyathelo eziningi nezinhlobo ezihlukene zamaseli asanda.
Endabeni yamagciwane egazi afana ne- leukemia noma i-lymphoma , amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe omdlavuza noma ama-lymphocytes ahlukanisa ukuthi "ahluke kanjani". Lapho umdlavuza uvela, ngokuvamile "uvale" iseli - nayo yonke inzalo yakhe yomdlavuza - esiteji sokuthuthukiswa lapho umdlavuza waqala khona.
Amaseli ahlukaniswe kahle angase afane nokubonakala kwamaseli okuqala avela kuwo, kodwa angase akwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi elindelekile yamasosha omzimba aphilile. Amaseli ahluke kakhulu ahlukumezekile, angase akhule ngokushesha, futhi ngokujwayelekile akwazi ukuthola imithi ekhemotherapy.
Amaseli ahlukaniswe kahle afana namaseli avuthiwe ngakho-ke ajwayele ukwahlukana futhi akhule kancane kancane. Amaseli ahlambalaza ahlukaniswe kahle, njengabafana bawo abavamile, avame ukukhula kancane.
Kwezinye izimo, ulwazi mayelana nokwahlukana lungathonya ukubikezela futhi kwazisa isinqumo sokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, "ukuhlukaniswa kahle" kuhumusha umdlavuza wezinga eliphansi, kanti "ukuhlukaniswa kahle" kuhunyushwa ekubulaleni okuphezulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwegazi lomdlavuza
Izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlukanisa ziye zasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ngegazi eminyakeni edlule.
Uhlelo lwesigaba samanje, isigaba se-World Health Organization (WHO) sika-2008, sithatha izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lokulimala, nokuhlukanisa kungenye yalezi zici.
Uma kunokwenzeka, la malignancies zihlukaniswa "uhlanga" lwabo zibe:
- I-myeloid neoplasms
- I-lymphoid neoplasms
- Neoplasms ye-Histiocytic / dendritic
Ukuhlukahluka ngaphakathi kwendlu ngayinye kubalulekile. Isibonelo, i-lymphomas yi-cancers ye-lymphocytes, ewela emkhakheni we-lymphoid neoplasm . Kukhona ama-lymphocytes B nama-T lymphocytes. Asho ukuthi uyazi ukuthi umdlavuza wakho unomkhawulo we-B lymphocyte, noma i- B-cell lymphoma .
Khona-ke ungaba ne-B cell lymphomas evuthiwe , ehlangene nezigaba ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli B nokuvuthwa. Ungabuye ube ne- pre- b B-lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphomas - lawa ngamanqamu amangqamuzana amasha azimisele ukuba amalungu omndeni we-B-cell.
Ukuhlukana nokuPhathwa kweCanscer
I-lymphoma engafani kahle ingase ikhule ngokushesha futhi ifinyeleleke ekhemotherapy ehlose ukuhlukanisa amaseli ngokushesha.
Esinye isibonelo sokuhlukanisa esingasetshenziselwa inzuzo yesiguli senziwa nge-acute promyelocytic leukemia, noma i-APL. Lokhu ukuhlukumeza kuhluke kwezinye izinhlobo ze-AML ngezindlela ezibalulekile. Omunye wabo yilokho, lapho ama-APL ebhujiswa ngamakhemikhali, akhulula amaprotheni angabangela izindlela zokugaya igazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kokulawula, okungaba yingozi.
Ososayensi bathola ukuthi ama-APL amangqamuzana angahle abe coaxed ukuze aguquke abe amaseli avuthiwe avuthiwe nemithi ethile. Njengoba le coaxing empeleni ihlukanisa, lezi zidakamizwa zibizwa ngokuthi ama-differentiation agents. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqhuma okungafaki ukufa akufani nalolu hlobo lwezokwelapha, iprotheni elimazayo ihlala ngaphakathi kwamaseli, futhi inqubo yokuvala i-clotting ayiphumeli ekulawuleni.
Kubuyekezwe ngo-Februwari 2016, i-TI.
Imithombo:
I-Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, et al. Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2008 kwe-World Health Organization (WHO) ukuhlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa ze-myeloid kanye ne-acute leukemia: izinguquko ezifanele futhi ezibalulekile. Igazi. 2009; 114: 937.
I-American Cancer Society. Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-leukemia eziyingozi kakhulu. Kufinyelelwe ngo-February 2016.
I-Gribbon, J., Loescher, L. Biology ye-Cancer kuJarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M., Groenwald, S. (2000) Ukunakekela Kansa: Izimiso Nezenzo 5 u-Ed Jones noBartlett: Sudbury, MA . k. 17- 35.