Lapho abantwana bezalwa benendlebe eyodwa
I-Microtia iyinkinga yokuzalwa yengane yomntwana. Kuyenzeka uma indlebe yangaphandle incane futhi ingahlanganiswa nendlebe evamile emntwaneni ngesikhathi samasonto ambalwa okukhulelwa. Ngaphambili inkinga kwenzeka ngenkathi umntwana esesiswini, kakhulu ukukhubazeka. Indlebe yesokudla ithinteka kakhulu kaningi kunendlebe yesokunxele noma zombili izindlebe.
Ingane eyodwa kuya kwezinhlanu abantwana abazalwa ngo-10 000 bane-microtia.
Lithinta abesilisa ngaphezu kwabesifazane futhi luvame kakhulu kuma-Asians nase-Hispanics kunamaCaucasians nabase-Afrika-baseMelika. Isenzakalo esiphezulu kakhulu empeleni phakathi kwesizwe samaNavajo samaMelika aseMelika. Nokho, odokotela abahlinzayo basePlastiki, bangakwazi ukulungisa lezi zifo ezimbi.
Izimbangela
Akekho owaziyo isizathu esiqondile sokuthi i-microtia ivela. Kwezinye izimo, izakhi zofuzo zinomthwalo wemfanelo, noma ngenxa yezinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo noma ngenxa yokungavamile kwesigcawu esisodwa esibangela i-genetic syndrome. Izidakamizwa ezithile, njenge- Accutane (isotretinoin) ezithathiwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwehla ukugeleza kwegazi ku-fetus, futhi izimo zemvelo nazo zonke izimbangela ezingase zibe yi-microtia.
Ezinye izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuba nosana nge-microtia zibandakanya isifo sikashukela nokudla komama, ngokusho kwama-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ngokuqondile, uma owesifazane enesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokuba akhulelwe, unengozi enkulu yokuba nengane ene microtia uma kuqhathaniswa nowesifazane ongenayo isifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abathintekayo abadla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate kanye ne-folic acid bangase bathuthukise ingozi yabo yokugqoka umntwana nge microtia.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
I-Microtia ingathatha ngamafomu ahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba sesikhumba singase sibe khona lapho indlebe kufanele ibe khona. Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye zendlebe ephansi zikhona, kodwa indlebe engenhla ayisekho.
Ifomu elibi kakhulu lapho indlebe yangaphandle ilahlekile ngokuphelele, eyaziwa nangokuthi isaa. Futhi kungase kube khona ukuntuleka kokuvula emgodini wezindlebe.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngisho noma yindlebe yangaphandle enokukhubazeka okubonakalayo, ezinye izingxenye zesistimu yezindlebe zithintekile. Ingaphakathi endlebe, ikakhulukazi indlebe yomlomo kanye nendlebe ephakathi, kaningi kunamaphutha. Ngezinye izikhathi umcengezi wezindlebe awukhulumi. Kulabo bantu ngabanye, akukho mgobo obonakalayo oholela eardrum nasezindlebeni eziphakathi. Ukungajwayelekile okunjalo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa.
Abantu abane-microtia emaceleni (kuzo zombili izindlebe) basesimweni esihluke ngokuphelele kunabantu abane-microtia unilateral. Labo abanama-microtia okungafani nabo banokuzwa okuvamile endlebeni evamile, kanti labo abanezinsizakalo ezincane zomhlaba bangasebenzisa izithulu.
Ukulungisa nokuPhatha
Umgomo oyinhloko wokubuyisela indlebe yangaphandle ukuthuthukisa ukuzwa ngoba ithola imisindo futhi iqondise emgodini wezindlebe ku-eardrum kanye nezixhobo zokuzwa. Ukuzwa okuthuthukisiwe nakho kusiza ngenkulumo .
Usizo lokuzwa lungasadingeka . Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka ekubukeni kuyinzuzo eyengeziwe engathuthukisa ukuzethemba nokwamukelwa komphakathi. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwendlebe yomlomo kwenziwa ngomuntu otologist.
Indlebe ifinyelela iningi lokukhula kwalo (amaphesenti angu-85) eneminyaka engama-4. Indlebe iyaqhubeka yanda ngobubanzi kuze kube yilapho ishumi leshumi. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela emihle yenzeke lapho ukuvuselelwa kubambezeleka kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi. Izici ezimbili ezithonya lapho ukuvuselelwa kwezindlebe kungenzeka:
- Ukutholakala kwe-rib cartilage okwanele ukwenza isakhiwo sezindlebe. Akusekho iminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha ukuthi isikhukhula somntanakho sikhulu ngokwanele ukuhlinzeka isilwane esanele sokwenzela uhlaka lwendlebe.
- Umphumela wokwengqondo wokuba ongajwayelekile / awukho indlebe (ama). Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenziwa ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala ukuze kuncishiswe / kugweme ukuhlehliswa kontanga.
Indlebe yangaphandle ingakhiwa kabusha ngezinto zokwenziwa (izinto ezenziwe ngumuntu) noma kusuka ku-rib cartilage. Kukhona izinzuzo nokungalungi kokubili okukhethwa kukho. Ake sixoxe ngazo:
Izinto Zokwenziwa
Ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto zokwenziwa zokwakha ukwakha i-microtia indlebe yilokho azikho izingqinamba, njengezibazi nobuhlungu, kusukela ekuvuneni i-rib cartilage. Kungenziwa enkambweni eyodwa futhi umphumela ubukeka kahle kakhulu.
Ukungalungi kokusebenzisa lezi zincwadi ukuthi indlebe iyakwazi ukuhlukunyezwa okuncane kanye nokutheleleka kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba unqabe indlebe entsha ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
I-Cartilage Graft
Ukuvuna kusuka ku-rib cartilage, ukungalungi kokusebenzisa le ndlela yokwelapha kungaba khona ubuhlungu kanye nobunzima obuhlobene nokuthola imininingwane. Futhi, kukhona ukuhlinzwa okungeyodwa.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yesikhathi esigcwele futhi, ngoba isebenzisa izinto zokwakha zomuntu siqu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umzimba unqabe indlebe.
I-Prosthetics
Ezimweni lapho kungekho isikhumba esanele ukumboza noma uhlaka lwama-cartilage ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa, ukushiswa, ukushiswa kwemisebe, njll, indlebe yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa. Indlebe yokuzivikela inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Ngenkathi indlebe yokwenza ubuciko ingabukeka kakhulu njengendlebe yangempela, ikhwalithi yedivayisi incike kumakhono omenzi nobuchwepheshe obukhona. Ukwengeza, indlebe yokwelapha ingabiza kakhulu. Kuze kube nini idivayisi ihlala futhi ixhomeke ekunakekeleni okwenziwe ngumnikazi.
Ezingxenyeni zezinkinga ze-microtia, kunokwanele kwendlebe ephakathi okungakhiwa kabusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe noma kubuyiselwe ukuzwa.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzeka, kunezinkinga ezingase zibe khona uma kuziwa ekuvuseleleni indlebe. Ukutheleleka kuyinkimbinkimbi engase ibe khona noma ngabe uhlaka lwama-synthetic or cartilage. I-Hematoma , okunye eyaziwa ngokuthi iqoqo legazi, ingahle ikhohlise uhlaka lwe-cartilage.
Ukulahlekelwa isikhumba endaweni yendlebe nakho kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni lapho kusetshenziselwa khona umcuba wezintambo, izinkinga zamaphaphu, ukuguqulwa kwendonga yesifuba, ukukhishwa okungaqondakali kungenzeka. Futhi izinkinga ezihilela uhlaka zingabangela ukudinga ukwenza le nqubo futhi.
Imithombo:
Ukuhlukana Kweziphene Zokuzalwa Nokukhubazeka Kwentuthuko, i-NCBDDD, Izinkinga Zokuzalwa: Amaqiniso Nge-Anotia / Mirotia. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo.
I-LeBlanc DM. Microtia. Ku: Janis JE, uhleli. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlinza nge-Plastic. USt. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2007.
I-Thorne CH. Indlebe yangaphandle. Ku: McCarthy JG, RD Galiano, Boutros SG, eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje Ngokwelashwa Kwepulasitiki, Ngo-1 Ed. I-Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc, 2006.
I-Thorne CH. Otoplasty and Ear Reconstruction. Ku: Thorne CH, Beasely RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear S, eds. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Plastic Grabb no-Smith, 6th. I-Philadelphia: Lippincott, 2007.