I-Urticaria (imifantu) yinto evamile yesikhumba eyobathinta abantu abangamaphesenti angama-20 ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Ngenkathi izimpukane eziningi ze-hive zizohamba zodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa, abanye bangadinga imithi kanye nokwelapha. Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kuncike ekubambeni okubalulekile futhi kungabandakanya ama-antihistamine angaphezu kwe-counter, ama-corticosteroids, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ama-antibodies monoclonal, noma ngisho nokugeza okulula okulula.
Izifo zasekhaya
Amacala amaningi e- urticaria ahlobene nokulwa nemithi. Ukusabela kungase kubangelwe yinoma iyiphi inamba yezinto, kuhlanganise nokudla, izidakamizwa, impova, noma izinto ezifana ne-latex noma i-nickel. Ngisho nezimbangela ezithile ezithinta umzimba-njengokushisa, ukubandayo, ukucindezela, ilanga, ukuzivocavoca nokududuza-kungasusa ukuphendula komzimba okuholela ekusungulweni kwemihlathi.
Ukuzisusa nje ku-trigger kungase kube ngokwanele ukunikeza ukukhululeka. Ngokuvamile, ama -hive acacile ayenamkhawulo futhi ngokuvamile avame ukuxazulula ngaphakathi kwamahora noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Uma izinyosi zibukeka ngokukhethekile, ungasebenzisa i-compress emanzi, ebandayo ukuze unciphise isitshalo futhi unciphise ukuvuvukala. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukugcoba indwangu yokugeza embizeni yamanzi e-ice bese uyisebenzisa ngqo esikhumbeni.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukungahambi kahle, gqoka izembatho ezingavamile noma zenziwe ngekotoni noma izinto ezibushelelezi, ezilula kakhulu njenge-rayon. Gwema uboya, ilineni, i-denim, nanoma yisiphi isendwangu esenziwe ngesikhumba esingacasula isikhumba.
Kumele futhi ugweme ukukhathala njengoba lokhu kungabangela izimpawu. Futhi, noma ngabe yini oyenzayo, ungaboni.
Izixazululo ze-Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Imishanguzo enhle kunazo zonke, imithi yokuqala yama-hive yi- antihistamines . Zisebenza ngokucindezela i- histamine , ikhemikhali elikhiqizwa yisimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba eshukumisa izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.
Ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-urticaria, i-anti-the-counter (i-OTC) antihistamine ingahlinzeka ngokukhululeka okukhulu.
Ngokungafani ne-antihistamine yesizukulwane esidala, izidakamizwa ezintsha zivame ukungabuthongo futhi zingahlala isikhathi eside amahora angu-24. Zihlanganisa:
- I-Allegra (i-fexofenadine)
- I-Claritin (i-loratadine)
- I-Xyzal (levocetirizine dihydrochloride)
- I-Zyrtec (cetirizine)
Imiphumela emibi ivame ukuba mnene futhi ihlanganise isizungu, umlomo omile, isicanucanu, ukuqothulwa, nokukhwehlela.
I-Benadryl (i-diphenhydramine) , i-antihistamine endala, ivame ukugwema ngesikhathi semini ngenxa yomphumela wayo wokuhlala kodwa ingakusiza ukuba ulale uma ukuhlaselwa kukugcina ebusuku.
I-Histamine H2-receptor antagonists , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-H2 blockers, ingenye iklasi yezidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziselwa ukukhipha ama-antihistamine. Ngokujwayelekile okushiwo ukuphuza ukuqubuka kwenhliziyo, ama-H2 blockers asebenza ngokunciphisa imithwalo yegazi esikhumbeni futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, kunciphisa ukubomvu nokuvuvukala. Zihlanganisa amagama anjalo e-OTC athandwayo njenge:
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ikhanda, isizungu, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, nokuphuza.
Imigomo
Ama-antihistamine we-OTC angeke abe namandla ngokwanele ukuphatha zonke izinhlobo ze-urticaria. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo ezithile ezingapheli zingadinga imithi ehlukene ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi uma i-trigger ingokwenyama kunokuba i-allergenic.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zemithi esetshenziswa ngokuvamile yi-antihistamines, i-corticosteroids, i-leukotriene modifiers, ne-anti-monoplonal antibody ngokukhethekile okuvunyelwe i-urticaria engapheli.
Ama-antihistamine
I-Clarinex (desloratadine) i-antihistamine efana neClaritin ne-Zyrtec kodwa enye etholakalayo kuphela nge-odokotela. Kusebenza ngokusheshisa kakhulu kunezimiso ze-OTC futhi kungase kulungele ukuqhuma okukhulu noma okusakazekayo.
Uma ama-antihistamine engabambeleleki ehluleka ukunikeza usizo, udokotela wakho angase anikeze i-Vistaril (i-hydroxyzine moyo) ukuba ithathwe ngesikhathi sokulala. I-antihistamine eqinile esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuhlukahluka kwesikhumba okuhlukahlukene okubandakanya i-urticaria engapheli, uxhumano lwe-dermatitis , kanye ne-histamine ehlobene ne-pruritus.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ikhanda, ikhanda lomzimba, kanye nombono ongenalutho.
Corticosteroids
Uma ama-antihistamine ehluleka ukunikeza usizo ngisho nangokwenyuka okuphezulu noma okwenza imiphumela emibi ingabekezeleleki, udokotela wakho angakhetha ukukuphatha nge- corticosteroids ukuphuthuma ngokushesha ukuvuvukala nokuhlambalaza.
I-Corticosteroids yile steroid eyenziwe ngumuntu iyakwazi ukunciphisa isistimu yomzimba wonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela i-allergen noma i-autoimmune (kokubili ehlanganyelwe yisistimu yomzimba), i-corticosteroids "ingadida" izimpawu lapho ezinye izidakamizwa zingenakukwazi. I-Prednisone ijwayele kakhulu kulokhu futhi ingathunyelwa noma ngomjovo noma kwifomu lepilisi.
I-Corticosteroids ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukwelashwa okwesikhashana ngenxa yobungozi bemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-osteoporosis, glaucoma, nesifo sikashukela.
Leukotriene Modifiers
Ama-modifiers e-leukotriene yizidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuphatha i-asthma. Zisebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-leukotriene, into engeyona nje eyenza ukugxilwa kwezingxenye zomoya kepha ikhuthaza ukuvuvukala.
Ngokunciphisa umphumela wokugcina, i-leukotriene modifiers ibonakala iyasebenza ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezithile ze-urticaria enamandla (ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa ukudla noma i-aspirin) kanye namafomu angapheli (okufana nokushisa noma ukuvuthwa kwe- urlinaria ye-cholinergic ).
I-modifiers ye-leukotriene ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe ne-antihistamine. Izinketho ezimbili eziphakanyisiwe okwamanje zifaka:
- I-Accolate (zafirlukast)
- I-Singulair (i-montelukast )
Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-leukotriene modifiers ihlanganisa ikhanda, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukulala nokushona.
I-Doxepin
I-Doxepin i-tricyclic antidepressant eyenziwa njenge-antihistamine enamandla. Uma kunqunywe umthamo ophansi, i-doxepin ingaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ekunakekeleni imifantu ephikelela futhi engaziwayo (ebizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic urticaria).
I-Doxepin kumele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha njengoba kuyaziwa ukuthi ibangele ukuzibulala ezinganeni kanye nabantu abadala abasha abanomlando wokucindezeleka noma esinye isifo sengqondo. Ezinye imiphumela emibi zihlanganisa ukulala, umlomo owomile, ukuphuma kwamanzi, ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukukhathala, isizungu, nokushintsha kwemizwelo.
I-Doxepin ekudayiswe ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene we-brand ahlanganisa Silenor, Zonalon, ne-Prudoxin.
I-Xolair (i-Omalizumab)
I-Xolair (i-omalizumab) iyisidakamizwa esijoqayo esasikelwe kubantu abane-asthma abangakwazi ukuphendula ku-corticosteroids. Muva nje, kuvunyelwe ukwelapha i-idiopathic urticaria engapheli uma zonke ezinye izifo zihlulekile.
I-Xolair i -anti-monoplonal antibody evimbela amaprotheni, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- immunoglobulin E (IgE) , edlala indima ebalulekile emithonjeni yokudla kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ze-urticaria ne-dermatitis. Ngalokho kuthiwa, ososayensi abaqiniseki ukuthi i-Xolair isebenza kanjani njengama-hives angapheli ngokuvamile awahlobene no-allergies noma aphethwe ngqo yi-IgE.
Imiphumela emibi evamile ehlanganisa umjovo wesayithi ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, isizungu, ukukhathala, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha, nokuqina kwesifuba.
Imithi yokwelapha ehambisanayo (i-CAM)
Nakuba imithi eminingi ehambisanayo neyehlukile (i-CAMs) ihlongozwa ukuphatha i-urticaria elula futhi engapheli, ubufakazi obunjalo manje buhlala buthaka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-urticaria engapheli lapho khona ukuqonda kwethu kwesimo sokuntuleka.
Amanye ama-CAM angeke abe kuphela angasizuzisa, angathuthukisa izimpawu kunokuzithuthukisa. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo yi- turmeric , isikhala semvelo esasetshenziswa kakhulu njengendlela yokwelapha ama-hives. Naphezu kwalezi zimangalo, i-curcumin (isithako esinika i-turmeric umbala wayo ophuzi) iye yaziwa ngokubangela ukuxhumana nodokotela kanye ne-urticaria engapheli kwabanye abantu.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezifana ne- aloe vera gel , zinganciphisa isitshi kodwa ngeke kwenzeke lutho ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okupholile.
Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-supplement noma imithi yendabuko yanoma yiluphi uhlobo, qiniseka ukuthi welule udokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awusebenzisani nemithi yakho ongayithatha. (ISt John's Wort, isibonelo, kunganciphisa ukuhlushwa kwama-antihistamines egazini lakho).
Phakathi kwezokwelapha ezihambisanayo ezingasiza:
Amanzi E-Oatmeal Baths
Uma ukuhlushwa nokuvuvukala kukushayela, indlela ephuthumayo yokuphumula ingaba ibhuku lokupholisa. Ngokushesha kunciphisa imithwalo yegazi ehlanjululweyo kanye nesimiso sezimpawu zesisindo esicindezelayo. Esinye isithako esingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuvuvukala kwendawo yi-oatmeal ye-colloidal.
Nakuba ucwaningi lwamanje lungakaze lufinyeleleke, ezinye izifundo ezincane ziphakanyisile ukuthi i-oatmeal ye-colloidal-i-oatmeal esebenziwe kahle emile, i-gel, noma ukhilimu-inganciphisa ubukhulu bokuthi itching ngenkathi ithambisa isikhumba esiphezulu. Itholakala kabanzi njengenhlanganisela yokugeza noma i-lotion ephumuzayo.
Ukuze uthole usizo oluneziwe, gcina lotion yakho ye-colloidal oatmeal esiqandisini noma nini lapho kutholakala khona ukuvuza.
I-Mind-Body Therapies
Ngenkathi ukucindezeleka "kungabangela" i-urticaria ngayinye, kuyacaca ukuthi kungenza ngcono izimpawu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abagulayo isikhathi eside. Abantu bavame ukuphendukela ezithombeni zomzimba njengoba bevuma ukuthi indima yethu nemicabango yethu idlala empilweni yethu yonke kanye nokubona inhlalakahle.
Imikhuba ethile ingase ibe nenzuzo ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka. Zihlanganisa:
- Ukuzindla, okukufundisa ukuthi ungayithumela kanjani imicabango yakho ekuzweleni ngokomzimba
- Ukuzivocavoca okujulile (pranayama), umkhuba wokuzindla lapho ukugxila kwakho kugxile ekusebenziseni ukuphefumula komzimba
- Izithombe eziqondiswayo, lapho udala izithombe zokucabanga ezikhulisayo
- Ukuphumula kwe-muscle okuqhubekayo (PMR), lapho ugijima khona ngokwengqondo futhi ukhulule imisipha yakho ngamunye
> Imithombo:
> Bernstein, J .; I-Lang, D .; Khan, D. et al. Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-urticaria ephuthumayo futhi engapheli: isibuyekezo se-2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133 (5): 1270-7. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2014.02.036.
> De Silva, N .; I-Damayanthi, H .; Rajapakse, A. et al. Ama-leukotriene receptor antagonists for urticaria engapheli: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. I-allergies Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014; 10 (1): 24. I-DOI: 10.1186 / 1710-1492-10-24.
> Fadus, M .; ULau, C .; UBikhchandani, J. et al. I-Curcumin: Agent anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic. J Tradit Complement Med . 2016; 7 (3): 339-346. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.jtcme.2016.08.002.
> Reynertson, K .; UGaray, M .; Nebus, J. et al. Imisebenzi elwa nokuvuvukala ye-colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) inegalelo ekusebenzeni kwe-oats ekwelapheni itch ehambisana nesomiso esomile, esicasulayo. J Izidakamizwa Dermatol. 2015 Jan; 14 (1): 43-8.