Amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 azo zonke izinhlobo zokudla zihlobene nokudla okuyisishiyagalombili: ubisi, soy, iqanda, ukolweni, i-peanut, umuthi nut, inhlanzi ne-shellfish. Ngalinye yalezi zifo ezijwayelekile ziveza izinselele zazo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nemizimba eminingi yokudla ngenxa yokuthi bayagula okungaphezu kokukodwa kwalokhu.
Nakuba kulula ukuphuza ubisi noma udle amaqanda uma unesihlungu kubo, kuba nzima uma lezi zingxube ngaphakathi kwesinye ukudla.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma une-allergies yokudla, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ngaphakathi kokudla okudlayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokudla
Ukwelashwa kokudla ezinganeni kubonakala sengathi kwenzeka esikhathini esingaphansi kokuphila futhi izingane zingase ziphelelwe amandla ukudla okubangelwa ukudla okuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwelashwa kokudla kubantu abadala kungakhula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi kuvame ukulimala kamuva ekuphileni. Abanye abantu bazoba nokudla okunomsoco okuwukuthi ukuphila kuyinde, kusukela ebuntwaneni nasebudala.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukudla okunomsoco kwenzeka futhi nokuthi ungabona kanjani i-allergen yakho ekudleni. Ake sibuke ngalinye lalezi zifo ezivame ukwedlula zonke.
Ubisi Ubuthi
Ukuncelisa ukungezwani komzimba kungukudla okuvamile kakhulu kwezingane ezinganeni zaseMelika kanti amaphesenti angama-6 ezingane anesifo sofuba. Ubisi bokuphuza umzimba buvame ukwelashwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Iningi lezingane lizokhipha ubisi bokungenwa yilutho ngesikhathi beseneminyaka emihlanu ubudala (eminyakeni engaba ngu-8); ezinye ngeke zize ziphele kuze kube yilapho zikhula.
Abantu abanobisi bokungezwani komzimba banamaprotheni obisi olusetshenziselwa ubisi - casein kanye ne-whey - futhi kufanele bagweme konke ukudla okwenziwe ubisi. Ukwehlukana kwe-Lactose ukungakwazi ukugaya kahle i-carbohydrate ebisi, okuthiwa i-lactose futhi akuyona ubisi bokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ubisi ekudleni. Ngokusho komthetho we-Food Allergy Labeling noMthetho Wokuvikela Umthengi (uMthetho we-FALCPA), ubisi kumele lubonakale kwimikhiqizo yokudla ngolimi olucacile.
Ngokuvamile inhlamvu izosho ukuthi "iqukethe ubisi." Uma umkhiqizo uhlobene nobisi, kufanele uhlanganise "ubisi" kusixwayiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudla okuqukethe amasondo kufanele kubhalwe ngokuthi "whey (ubisi)."
Kuwukuhlakanipha ukwazi amagama amakhodi ebisi ukuze ukwazi ukuwabona elebula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagama ahlukahluka kwezinto ezifana ne-lactate, whey, ne-casein. Ezinye izimithombo zobisi ezimangalisa zihlanganisa ukhilimu wama-milk, izilwane ezishisayo, i-tuna ekheniwe, nemikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba nezinwele.
I-Egg Allergies
I-egg yokungezwani komzimba yiyona eyesibili yokudla kokungezwani komzimba phakathi kwezingane ezinamaphesenti angaba ngu-2.5 azo zonke izingane eziyekezela amaqanda. Lezi zivame ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili. Amaqanda akuyona i-allergen enkulu kubantu abadala. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 wezingane azokhipha umkhuhlane wabo weqanda ngeminyaka yobudala engama-5 (noma kuze kube ngu-10) kanti okusele kuzokhipha ngokukhula.
Umuntu angaba nomzimba weqanda elimhlophe, i-yolk yeqanda, noma kokubili. Isiphakamiso ukugwema lonke iqanda uma i-egg allergies ekhona.
I-egg ekudleni. I-egg kumele ibhalwe ngamalebula okudla ngolimi oluvulekile, njengokuthi "iqukethe iqanda," ngokusho kwe-FALCPA. Njalo ufunde ilebuli yezithako zobufakazi beqanda kumkhiqizo wokudla. Qaphela izithako ezifihliwe amaqanda afana nama-egg substitutes nama-pasta.
I-egg ingase ibe khona ekugonyeni okufana nomgomo wokugoma nomkhuhlane we-MMR. Kungase kube khona nemithi ethile, njengemithi ye-anesthesia.
I-Peanut Allergies
Cishe amaphesenti angu-1.3 wezingane kanye namaphesenti angu-0.2 abantu abadala ahlaselwa emanzini. Kunobufakazi bokuthi izinga lokunyuka kwamapayipi liyakhula futhi izifundo ziyaqhubeka ekufuneni ukwelashwa kokunciphisa i-peanut .
Ukunciphisa i-peanut kubhekwa njengengozi yokuphila komzimba ngenxa yokuthi amazinga we-anaphylaxis aphakeme kunama-milk, amaqanda, noma ukolweni. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-20 kuphela ezingane azokhipha umkhuhlane wabo wezinkukhu.
Amantongomane akhula ngaphansi komhlaba, hhayi emithini efana namantongomane emithi.
Ziyingxenye yomndeni we-legume, okufaka ama-soybean, i-peas, i-lentile nobhontshisi. Ukuba ne-peanut allerergy akusho ukuthi unengozi enkulu yokungabi naso kokubambisana nobhontshisi kanye nezinye izithelo.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangu-40 abantu abanomdlavuza we-peanut nabo banomuthi we-nut allerergy. Uma uthola uketshezi ku-peanut, ungase ube nesifo sofuba ku-lupine.
I-Peanut ekuDleni. Amanqamu emikhiqizo yokudla kufanele abhalwe nge-FALCPA, ngolimi olucacile ephakheji. Funa "iqukethe i-peanut" kulebula. Ibhotela le-peanut isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo engalindelekile njengesiliva njengesixuku esikhulu nesidlo sesilwane. Amafutha e-peanut angatholakala nasemikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba.
Izihlahla Zonke Zomuthi
Cishe amaphesenti angu-0.8 wezingane kanye namaphesenti angu-0.6 abantu abadala abanomuthi wokungena emthini . Cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye wezingane ezine-nutriergy allergen.
Amantongomane emithi ahlanganisa ububanzi obuningi bamantongomane, njengama-walnuts, ama-pecans, ama-pistachios, ama-hazelnuts, ama-almonds, nokuningi-ngokuyinhloko yonke into engeyona i-peanut. Ngenxa yobungozi bokuxhumana, abantu abanomuthi we-nut nutrients nabo bangagwema amantongomane.
Ingozi yokubhekana ne-anaphylactic kumantongomane omuthi uphakeme kunalokhu kubisi, amaqanda noma ukolweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-allergen ku-nut eyodwa hhayi kwabanye noma ibe ne-allergen kuya kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezihlahla zomuthi hhayi abanye. Incomo ukugwema wonke amantongomane emithi uma uthola ukwelashwa komunye noma kunoma iyiphi umuthi womuthi. I-coconut iyisihlahla somuthi kodwa ingase ingabi yi-allergen ehlobene kwabanye abantu.
Amantongomane emithi ekuDleni. Amantongomane emithi kumele abhalwe ngelebula lesithako noma iphakheji lokudla ngolimi olulula, ngokusho kwe-FALCPA. Kunamagama amaningi amantongomane emithi, kusukela ku-nut ethize kuya egameni lesiLatini emikhiqizo yezithokozi, ngakho-ke qaphela amagama amakhodi amantongomane emithi. Amantongomane emithi ngezinye izikhathi atholakala "kokunambitheka okufakelwayo" nokuthi "ukunambitheka kwemvelo".
Amantongomane emithi angatholakala ku okusanhlamvu, ama-crackers, amakhukhi, i-candy, ama-chocolate kanye nokusikeka okubandayo. I-Pesto iyi-sauce ejwayelekile ye-pasta ehlanganisa i-pine nati noma ama-walnuts. Uzothola amafutha omncu kanye nokudla komkhiqizo eminye imikhiqizo.
Soy Allergies
Cishe amaphesenti angu-0.4 wezingane ahlaselwa ku-soy . I-Soy ayiyona i-allergen enkulu kubantu abadala. Izingane eziningi ezinomdlavuza we-soy zizobe zikhuphuka ngeminyaka engu-3, kanti iningi lizolikhulula ngaminyaka eyi-10.
Ukusabela ku-soy kuvame ukuba mnene. Noma kunjalo, ukusabela okunzima kungenzeka, nakuba kungavamile. Izingane eziphikisana ne-soy nazo zingase zibe ne-allergenki ebisi. Abantu abanomdlavuza we-soy kumele bagweme konke ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo engewona ukudla equkethe kanye / noma eyenziwe nge-soy.
Soy ekudleni. I-Soy kumele ibhalwe phansi emaphaketheni okudla ngolimi olucacile - "iqukethe isobho" - ngokusho kwe-FALCPA. Ukudla okuningi, kufaka phakathi i-damam, i-miso, ne-tempeh aqukethe i-soy ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ilebula lesithako. Ama-Vegetarians ane-soy allergies azodinga ukuthembela kwezinye izindawo ezivela emaprotheni ngoba yisisekelo sokudla okudumile kwemifino.
Ukudla kwamagile
Cishe amaphesenti angu-0.4 wezingane e-US aphikisa ukolweni. Ukolweni ukungezwani komzimba akuvamile kubantu abadala. Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 ezingane eziphikisayo ukolweni uyoba ne-allergen nakwezinye izinhlamvu. Hlola ne-allerergist yakho uma ukudla okunebhali, i-rye, noma i-oats kulungile ukudla.
Izingane eziningi zizokhipha uketshezi koroyi eneminyaka engu-3. Isifo se-Celiac sidinga ukugwema i-gluten, etholakala ngokolweni, i-rye, ibhali kanye nemikhiqizo ye-oat engcolile. Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-celiac balandela ukudla okungenakolweni kodwa kumele futhi bagweme ezinye imithombo ye gluten.
Ngqolowa Ekudleni. Ngqolowa yizinhlamvu ezivame kakhulu ekudleni kwamaMelika ngakho kungaba nzima ukugwema. Itholakala ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okubandakanya isinkwa, okusanhlamvu, kanye nabaqaphi, kanye nokudla okungenakwenzeka njengobhiya, i-soy sauce, ukudla okunomsoco, i-ayisikhilimu kanye ne-crabmeat yokulingisa.
Ukolweni ungatholakala nakwezinto ezingekho ukudla ezifana ne-Play-Doh ne-glue. Abantu abanokungcolisa ukolweni bangashintsha ezinye izitshalo bese bemboza izidingo zabo zokudla okunomsoco.
Izinhlanzi zokudoba
Cishe amaphesenti angu-0.2 ezingane anezinhlanzi zokuphuza izinhlanzi kanti amaphesenti angu-0.5 abantu abadala ahlala nawo. Inhlanzi yokungezwani kwezinhlanzi ikhula ekukhuleni futhi ingaba yinkimbinkimbi enkulu yokuphila.
I-Salmon, i-tuna, ne-halibut yizona ezivame kakhulu ukudoba izinhlanzi. Kungenzeka ukuba i-allergic kunhlobo olulodwa lwezinhlanzi hhayi ezinye. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanezinhlanzi zokudoba izinhlanzi bazokwaziswa ukugwema zonke izinhlanzi.
Inhlanzi ekhulile (noma inhlanzi engasanda kusha) ingaveza i-histamine yemvelo engabangela ukusabela okufana nokudla okubangelwa ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuthiwa yi-scombroid enobuhlungu futhi kufaka ukuvuvukala komlomo noma umphimbo, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukucabangela noma ukuhlanza ngemva kokudla izinhlanzi.
Inhlanzi ekuDleni. Ngokusho kwe-FALCPA, uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi ezifakwe kumkhiqizo wokudla kumele luvezwe ngolimi olucacile ephakheji. Inhlanzi itholakala ekudleni okumangalisayo njengoKesari isaladi yokugqoka, izilwane zasolwandle ezenziwe ngamafutha, i-Worcestershire sauce, ne-sauce yezinyosi. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ilebula lokudla nezithako.
Amakhasimende angase afane izinhlanzi nokudla okunye njengamafrimu aseFrance emafutheni afanayo yamafutha. Lokhu kungcolisa amafutha ngezinhlanzi futhi kwenza kube yingozi ukudla kulabo abanenhlanzi yokuphuza izinhlanzi. Qaphela imikhiqizo ethile efana ne-gelatin ye-kosher eyenziwe ngamathambo enhlanzi.
I-Shellfish Allergies
I-Shellfish yokungezwani komzimba ivela kubantu abadala ngokuphindaphindiwe kunezingane, cishe amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 abhekana nokuphendula kwabo kokuqala njengomuntu omdala. Izinhlanzi nezigobolondo zivela emindenini emibili yezinhlanzi ezihlukene, ngakho ukungezwani komunye uhlobo akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-allergen kokubili.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-shellfish: i-crustacean (ama-shrimp, crab, ne-lobster) nama-mollusks (ama-clams, ama-oysters, ama-mussels, ne-scallops). Ukusabela okwenziwe i-allergenic kwi-crustacean shellfish kuvamile futhi kuvame ukuba nzima. Iningi labantu abaphikisana ne-shellfish bayelulekwa ukuba bagweme kokubili izinhlobo ze-shellfish.
I-Shellfish ku-Food. I-shellfish ethize kumele ibhalwe njenge-isithako sokudla okufakwe emaphaketheni uma kufakiwe, ngokusho kwe-FALCPA. I-Mollusks ayithathwa njenge-allergen enkulu futhi ayikwazi ukudalulwa ngokugcwele kwilebuli yomkhiqizo.
Gwema izindawo zokudlela zasolwandle njengoba kunengozi enkulu yokungcola okuphambene nomzimba , ngisho noma ungahle ukhethe inketho ye-shellfish. I-sauce yezinhlanzi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukudla kwase-Asia njenge-flavouring. Gwema ukudla ezinkundleni zokudlela ezinjalo noma okungenani, sebenzisa ngokuqapha okukhulu.
Ama-protein angama-Shellfish angase abe ne-airbne ngesikhathi se-steaming ngakho-ke sebenzisa ukuhlakanipha phakathi kwamakhishi lapho kuphekwa khona i-shellfish.
> Umthombo:
> Boyce JA, et al. Imihlahlandlela Yokuthola Ukuphathwa Nokuphathwa Kwezokudla Okungezwani Kwegazi e-United States. I-Journal Yokuzifola Kwegazi Ne-Immunology Yezokwelapha. 2010; 126 (6 0): S1-58. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2010.10.007.
> Ukuphathwa kwe-US Nokudla Nezidakamizwa. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngokuphindaphindiwe Ngokudla Kwezilwane. 2016.
> Ukuphathwa kwe-US Nokudla Nezidakamizwa. Izindlela Zokuqala Amakamelo Okuvikela Amandla Okudla Omkhulu kanye neGlututen ekuDleni. 2006.