I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheli yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe- leukemia kubantu abadala emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Kuyenzeka uma kunomonakalo ekuphatheni kwezakhi zofuzo (ukuguqulwa kwesiguli) esitokisini esingavame ukukhula sibe uhlobo lwemhlophe yegazi elibizwa nge-lymphocyte.
I-CLL ihlukile kunezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia ngoba ukuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangeli nje ukukhula okungalawulwa kwe-lymphocytes emnkantso, kodwa kubangele namangqamuzana angahambisani nephethini evamile yokufa kwamangqamuzana emvelo.
Lokhu kuholela kwinani elikhudlwana lama-CLL lymphocytes egazini legazi.
Emaceleni angu-95% we-CLL eNtshonalanga, uhlobo lwe-lymphocyte elithintekayo yi-B-lymphocyte (B-cell CLL). I-T-cell CLL ivame kakhulu ezindaweni zaseJapane futhi kuphela ama-akhawunti amacala angu-5% e-US
I-lymphocytes engavamile e-leukemia engapheli ivuthiwe kakhulu kunalabo abonwa ku-leukemia ephakeme. Ngenxa yokuthi bavuthiwe, bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ye-lymphocyte evamile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-leukemia engapheli ingakwazi ukuhanjelwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba isiguli sigcine izimpawu.
Kunezikhathi lapho umuntu onempilo angase abe ne-high lymphocyte count, futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi bane-leukemia. Lezi zamasosha ezilwa nokutheleleka ngokwemvelo zithatha izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza ngezikhathi zokugula. Endabeni ye-CLL, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kolunye uhlobo lwe-lymphocyte kwenzeka (kuncike lapho ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwenzeka khona ekuqaleni) futhi amaseli, ngenkathi evuthiwe, abonisa izici ezingavamile.
Umsebenzi obalulekile we-lymphocytes B enempilo emzimbeni ukukhiqiza ama-immunoglobulins, angama-protein asiza ukulwa nokutheleleka. Ku-CLL, i-lymphocyte engavamile ayikwazi ukukhiqiza ama-immunoglobulins (noma "ama-antibodies") asebenza kahle futhi avimbele i-lymphocytes engenayo umdlavuza ekukhiqizeni ama-antibodies asebenzayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abane-CLL bavame ukubhekana nokutheleleka okuvamile.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Kwezinye iziguli, i-CLL ikhula kancane futhi izimpawu zingase zingabonakali. Ngisho noma izinombolo zama-lymphocytes zifinyelela emazingeni aphakeme egazini, ngokuvamile aziphazamisi ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amaseli wegazi njengama cell obomvu namaplatelets.
Iziguli ezinezinhlobo ezilukhuni ze-CLL noma lezo ezinezifo eziphambili kakhulu zingabonisa izimpawu zomthwalo ekukhiqizeni komnyoba wezinye izinhlobo zezinsizwa kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nama-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe.
Iziguli ze-CLL zingase zibone:
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
- Umzwelo "ongavumelani" ngokuvamile
- Izithukuthuku ebusuku
- Umzwelo okhathele ongatholi ukulala ubusuku obuhle
- Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile
- Ubuhlungu obuvela ekucindezelekeni kwama- lymph nodes akhulisiwe ezitho ezizungezile
- Izinkinga zokuphuza
Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe uphawu lwezinye izimo ezingathí sina. Uma ukhathazekile nganoma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yakho, kufanele ufune isiqondiso kudokotela wakho.
Ingabe i-CLL i-Leukemia noma i-Lymphoma?
I-leukemia ne-lymphoma i-Lymphocytic iyenzeka uma i-lymphocytes ikhula ngendlela engalawuleki. Zombili izimo zingaba nokuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes futhi bobabili bangabonisa i-lymphocytes ngokweqile egazini.
Empeleni, umehluko phakathi kwezi zifo ezimbili ngokuyinhloko egameni kuphela.
Kuthiwa isiguli sibe ne-CLL uma sinama-lymphocyte amaningi ekusakazeni nokuvuvukala okuncane kwezingqinamba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziguli ezinamakhadi aphakeme kakhulu, kodwa eduze kwesisindo esimhlophe esifanayo egazini zichazwa ngokuthi zine-lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) encane, uhlobo lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Ezimweni eziningi, imigomo CLL ne-SLL isetshenziselwa ngokungafaniyo njengoba isifo esifanayo esivezwa ngendlela ehlukile.
Izingozi Zezingozi
I-CLL ivame ukuba ne-leukemia yabantu abadala, abaneminyaka yobudala ekuxilongweni abaneminyaka engu-65.
Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye abantu abatholwa nge-CLL baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40.
Ngokufanayo nezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia, ososayensi abazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-CLL, kodwa kunezici ezimbalwa ezibonakala zibeka abanye abantu engozini enkulu yokuyihlakulela:
- Ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali athile anobuthi, njengama-pesticides kanye nokubulala imithi
- Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane athile noma amagciwane njengegciwane lesifo se-T- lymphocytotropic (HTLV-1)
- Ukuba nesihlobo sokuqala, njenge-siblings, nge-CLL kungandisa ukwanda okungenani kathathu kuya kwesine
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia, ukuvezwa kwemisebe akubonakali kuyingozi.
Nakuba lezi zici zingase zandise amathuba omuntu wokuthola i-CLL, abantu abaningi abanezici ezingozini ngeke bakwazi ukuthola i-leukemia, futhi abaningi abane-leukemia abanakho izici ezingozini.
Iyifinyelela phezulu
I-CLL iyenzeka uma umonakalo ku-DNA yeseli kubangela ukuphindaphinda okungalawulwa nokulawulwa kwe-lymphocytes. Lokhu kuzoholela ezinombolweni eziphakeme ze-lymphocytes ekuhanjisweni, okungase futhi kuqoqwe kuma-lymph nodes. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abane-CLL bazobonisa izimpawu ezimbalwa njengoba lesi sifo singase sihambe kancane kakhulu ukuqhubeka.
Imithombo:
Chirorazzi, N., Rai, K., Ferrarini, M. "Inqubo Yezifo: I-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." I- New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 352: 804-15.
Lin, T., Byrd, J. "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Ne-Related Leukemias Ezingapheli" e-Chang, A., Hayes, D. Pass, H. et al. ama-eds. (2006) I- Oncology: I-Evidence- Based Approach Springer: eNew York. k. 1210- 1228.
Hillman, R., Ault, K. (2002) I- Hematology ku-Clinical Practice 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill: eNew York.
I-Zent, C., Kay, N. "I-Lymphocytic Leukemia Yengqondo Yonke: I-Biology ne-Current Treatment" Imibiko Yamanje Ye-Oncology 2007; 9: 345-352.