I-calcaneus iyithambo esithendeni sezinyawo, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi ithambo lesithende. Leli thambo lisiza ukusekela unyawo futhi kubalulekile ekuhambeni okujwayelekile okuhamba. Ihlangene phezulu kwe-calcaneus, ebizwa ngokuthi i-subtalar joint, inesibopho sokuvumela inyawo ukuba ijikeleze ngaphakathi nangaphakathi.
I-Calcaneus fractures cishe iwumphumela wokulimala okukhulu, okuphezulu kwamandla.
Zivame ukuvela njengomphumela wokuwa kusuka ekuphakameni, njengokuwela ekhanda. Ezinye izimbangela zokuphuka kwe-calcaneus zihlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto nokulimala kwezemidlalo. I-calcaneus nayo ingase iqhubeke nokuhlukumeza ukucindezeleka , ukulimala ngezinye izikhathi kubonwa kubagijimi, njengabagijimi obude.
Izimpawu ze-Calcaneus Fracture
I-Calcaneus fractures ibangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu ngemuva kwonyawo. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuphuka kwe-calcaneus zihlanganisa:
- Ukungakwazi ukuhamba
- Ukuvuvukala unyawo
- Ukunyuka kwezinyawo
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besithende
Amaphutha amaningi e-calcaneus avaliwe, okusho ukuthi isikhumba siphelile. Uma isikhumba esiphambene nokuphuka kwe-calcaneus siphukile, lokhu kungase kuvezwe ukuvuvukala okuvulekile , okubizwa nangokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwekhamera. Ukuphuka okuvulekile kwe -calcaneus kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Calcaneus Fractures
I-Calcaneus fractures ingaphathwa nge-cast noma ukuhlinzwa inganconywa. Uma ukuphuka kwe-calcaneus kungekho esimweni, ukwelashwa okungavumelekile kuyotuswa.
Ukwelashwa okungeyona osebenzayo kunconywa neziguli ezihamba kahle noma isifo sikashukela; lezi ziguli zingozi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga kusukela ekuhlinzekeni kwezinyawo. Iziguli ababhemayo nazo zinengozi enkulu kakhulu yokucindezeleka ezihlobene nokuhlinzekwa kokuqhekeka kwe-calcaneus.
Ukwelashwa kumele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela kulezi ziguli, futhi odokotela abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izingozi ziphakeme kakhulu kwabokubhema ukucubungula ukuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-calcaneus fractures ngokuvamile kuhilela ukwenza ukuchotshozwa ngaphezu kwezinyawo nokubeka ipuleti yensimbi nezikulula esitokisini esithekile. Udokotela wakho uzama ukubuyisela ukuvumelanisa okujwayelekile kwethambo futhi abuyisele ubuso be-cartilage eseduze nendawo evamile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i- calcaneus ephukile yizicucu ezimbili zamathambo (uma kuqhathaniswa nezicucu ezincane) lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngemibono encane futhi kungekho plate. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa okufanele ngokusekelwe ezicini ezithile zokuphulwa kwakho.
Ezingxenyeni ezimbi kakhulu ze-calcaneus, ithambo le-calcaneus lingase lifakwe ethambo ngaphezu kwesithende, i-talus. Kulezi zimo, ithuba lokubuyisela umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wonyawo akunakwenzeka, futhi inqubo yefusion ingavumela inyawo elizinzile lokuhamba.
Zonke iziguli ezinesifo se-calcaneus kufanele zihlolwe nezinye ukulimala okukhulu kwamandla. Ucwaningo lubonise inombolo enkulu yeziguli ezinezinkinga ze-calcaneus nazo ziyoba nezinkinga ze-lumbar spine (amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-15). Olunye ukulimala kuvame ukuvela ezigulini eziqhubeka nokuphuka kwe-calcaneus, kuhlanganise nokulimala ekhanda, entanyeni nakweminye imikhawulo.
Ukucindezeleka ukuphuka kwe-calcaneus kungaphathwa ngezokwelapha okungenasidingo. Ngokuvamile iziguli kuzodingeka zibe yizintambo, futhi zingase zidinge isikhathi esifushane sokusilela phansi. Ukucindezeleka kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-3-6 ngaphambi kokuba abagijimi bakwazi ukubuyela ezemidlalo kulandela lokhu kulimala.
Izinkinga zokwelapha
Ukulimala kweCalcaneus ngokuvamile kulimala kanzima futhi kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zonyawo nezinyawo. Izinkinga zokuqala ze-calcaneus fractures zivamise kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuvukala okukhulu okungenzeka ngalezi zingozi. Lezo ziguli ezihlinzwa ukuphuka kwe-calcaneus zingakha izinkinga zokuphulukisa ngenxa yalokhu kuvuvukala.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, iziguli ezine-sikashukela, ababhemayo, kanye nalabo abanokuqhuma okungakahleleki zijwayele ukuthuthukisa le nkinga.
Izixazululo ezindala ezivela ekuqhekekeni kwe-calcaneus zivame ukungenxa yokuhlunguphazeka kwezinyawo nokugula kwamathambo. I-arthritis ye-hindfoot ivamile ngemuva kwesiguli esisekela ukubola kwe-calcaneus. Ingozi yokuhlakulela isifo samathambo ngenxa yokuphuka kwe-calcaneus ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nobukhulu be-fracture. Iziguli zivame ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa kwezinyawo ezingapheli , ubunzima ngezinhlobo ezithile zezicathulo, nobuhlungu obuhambisana nokuhamba, ukugijima nokuma isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuphumula sokuqhekeka kwe-calcaneus yisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi isiguli sizobuyela kanjani izinga lokulimala ngaphambi kokulimala. Iziguli kuzodingeka ukuthi zisindiswe ezinyaweni ezinyangeni ezintathu. Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokwelashwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi ezigulini eziye zahlinzwa. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokulawula ukuvuvukala kufaka isicelo sokuphakama, ukuchithwa kwempahla, kanye nesicelo seqhwa.
Imithombo:
Barei DP, et al. "I-Fractures ye-calcaneus" I-Orthop Clin North Am 2002 Jan; 33 (1): 263-85.
UJuliano P, Nguyen HV "Iziphuzo ze-calcaneus" I-Orthop Clin North Am 2001 Jan; 32 (1): 35-51.