Izimbangela Zezinwele, Izilonda Nezifo
Eceleni ne- norovirus , i-coxsackievirus cishe enye yezifo ezivame ukwedlula amagciwane ezingakaze zizwe. Okokuqala kutholakala ngawo-1940, luhlobo lwe-enterovirus engeyona i-polio. Leli qembu lamagciwane lihlanganisa ama-echoviruses namanye ama-enteroviruses (enye yazo, i- enterovirus D68 , eyabangela ukuhlukunyezwa komhlaba wonke kwezifo zokuphefumula e-United States okuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka okumangalisayo kwe-flaccid).
Nakuba ungase ungajwayele i-coxsackievirus, noma ngabe unomntwana kunethuba elihle lokuthi uyazi mayelana nokutheleleka nokuthi enye yezinkinga zayo idala isandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo (HFMD). Kungukutheleleka okuvamile kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, okubangelwa yi-coxsackievirus A16.
Konke, kunama-serotypes angu-29 we-coxsackievirus angabangela ukutheleleka kubantu, kubandakanya:
- I-Coxsackievirus A2-8, A10, A12, A14, A16 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus A)
- I-Coxsackievirus A9 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus B)
- I-Coxsackievirus B1-6 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus B)
- I-Coxsackievirus A1, A11, A13, A17, A19-22, A24 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus C)
Kusukela ngo-2007, i-coxsackievirus A6 ibangele amacala amabi nakakhulu ama-HFMD e-United States, kufaka phakathi nabantu abadala.
Izifo ezihlukene ze-Coxsackievirus
Futhi, i-HFMD, enezilonda emlonyeni wengane ne-blisters ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ngokuvamile isifo esaziwa kakhulu esibangelwa i-coxsackievirus, kodwa i-coxsackievirus ihlobene noku:
- ukutheleleka kokubeletha: ukutheleleka ekukhulelweni okusabalalisa emntwaneni
- Ukutheleleka kwe-neonatal: okungajwayelekile, kodwa kungabangela izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi, isibindi, isibindi, i-meningitis, i-meningoencephalitis, i-myocarditis, ne-sepsis, njll, futhi igcizelelwa ukuqubuka komhlaba wonke kwe-coxsackievirus B1 ngo-2007
- i-conjunctivitis enegazi elimangalisayo: i- Coxsackievirus A24 ingabangela ukuqubuka kweso pink nge-hemorrhages encane
- isifo somzimba: I- Coxsackievirus ingabangela i-hepatitis, isifo sohudo esingenasiberia, noma i- gastroenteritis , ne-HUS.
- i-herpangina: efana ne-HFMD, enezilonda zomlomo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqhuma noma ukushayeka emakhondweni noma ezinyaweni zomntwana
- i-meningitis
- i-myopericarditis: ukuvuvukala kanye nokulimala emzimbeni wenhliziyo nokugubha inhliziyo, engabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus B1, B2, ne-B5
- i-myositis: ukuvuvukala komzimba, okungabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus
- ukuqhuma kwe-petechial ne-purpuric: ikakhulukazi nge-coxsackievirus A9, engase idideke no- Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
- i-pleurodynia: ubuhlungu obukhulu bokuhlunguzeka kwesifuba obangelwa ukuvuvukala kwesifo somzimba futhi kuxhumene nokutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus
- izifo zokuphefumula: ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okuncane, impumu egijima, nomphimbo obuhlungu futhi kungabangelwa yi-coxsackievirus A21 no-A24 phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo
I-coxsackievirus nayo ingabangela izifo ezingaphelele neze-febrile kanye ne- roseola- efana nokugula-umkhuhlane izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kulandela ukuqhuma kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu kuya kwezinsuku ezinhlanu.
Ngokumangazayo, iningi labantu abanezifo ze-coxsackievirus azikho izimpawu nhlobo, futhi akukho mgomo, ukwelashwa, noma ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-coxsackievirus ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okusekelayo nokuphatha izimpawu.
Lokho kuzwakala kuyesabeka, kodwa ngenhlanhla, ukutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus evame kakhulu akuyona into embi.
Ukuthola nokugwema ukutheleleka kwe-Coxsackievirus
Izingane zingagula cishe kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha emva kokuba zivezwe kumuntu onokutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus ( isikhathi sokukhushulwa ). Zithola kanjani leli gciwane?
Njengama-virus amaningi, i-coxsackievirus isakazwa yizo zombili zomlomo (ukuxhumana okuqondile noma okungaqondile nge-stool) nokudlulisa okuphefumulayo (othile ukukhwehlela noma ukugcoba kuwe). Bangakwazi futhi ukuthola lezi zifo ngokuthinta into engcolile (fomite).
Isibonelo, i-CDC ithi "ungase utheleleke ngokumangazela umuntu onesandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo noma ngokuthinta isitifiketi esinamagciwane kuwo, bese uthinta amehlo akho, umlomo, noma impumulo."
Noma kunjalo, ngoba abantwana bangakwazi ukuchitha i-coxsackievirus esitokisini sabo kanye neminyango yokuphefumula (amathe kanye nemfihlo yamasongo) amasonto emva kokuba izimpawu zabo sezihambile noma ngisho nangaphandle kwempawu, ukuqubuka kungaba nzima ukulawula noma ukugwema.
Mhlawumbe kungani kungenjalo ngokuvamile iziqondiso eziqinile zokugcina izingane zingekho esikoleni kanye nokunakekelwa kwesikhashana uma bane-HFMD. I-CDC, isibonelo, ithi "Kufanele uhlale ekhaya ngenkathi ugula ngesandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo," hhayi ukuthi kufanele uhlale ekhaya ngenkathi une- HFMD. Futhi eTexas, uMnyango wezeMpilo uthi izingane ezineHFMD zingahamba esikoleni nasezinhlanhleni zomphakathi uma nje zingenayo imfiva.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlanza izandla, ukugwema ukufihla ukuphefumula, nokususa ama-surface angcolile kubaluleke kunanini ngaphambili ukusiza ukugwema ukugula nokusabalalisa lezi zifo.
Amaqiniso Okwazi Ngayo Nge-Coxsackievirus
Ezinye izinto zokwazi mayelana nokutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus zifaka:
- Amanye amazwe ngezinye izikhathi abona amacala amakhulu kakhulu e-HFMD, ngokuvamile abangwa yi-enterovirus 71.
- I-Coxsackievirus ayithathwa njengengozi enkulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, hhayi njenge-Fifth isifo, nakuba kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokugwema futhi usagweme noma ubani nge-HFMD noma enye ukutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus uma ukhulelwe.
- Nakuba bephikisana, abanye ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 lungase luxhunywe nezifo zangaphambilini ze-coxsackievirus B.
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo ezandleni nasezinyaweni nasezintweni ze-nail zingase zenzeke ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus, ikakhulukazi i-coxsackievirus A6. I-dysstrophy yama-nails isukela ekuthuthukiseni imigqa yaseBeau (imilapho ejulile, engemuva emisileni yengane), ukuhlukana kwezinyosi, ukulahlekelwa impela ngezipikili ezinye futhi kwenzeke ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili emva kokutheleleka okuyinhloko.
- Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-coxsackievirus, kuhlanganise ne-reverse transcriptase-polymerase test reactor chain (PCR) kanye nesiko, kodwa akuyona into engenziwa njalo noma esheshayo ehhovisi likazingane. Ngokuvamile akudingekile noma kunjalo.
- Ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithile ze-coxsackievirus kuvame ukuvela emjikelezweni weminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, kuyilapho ezinye zihamba emazingeni aphansi minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezishisayo. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kuhlanganise ne-US, ukutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus kuvame kakhulu ehlobo nasezinyangeni zokuwa.
- Ukuba nesifo sengculazi nge-coxsackievirus serotype eyodwa ayikuniki i-immunity kunoma yimuphi omunye, ngakho-ke ungakwazi, futhi cishe uzothola izifo ze-coxsackievirus izikhathi eziningi empilweni yakho. Ukusebenza phakathi kwe-serotypes kungase kuhlinzeke ukuvikeleka, noma kunjalo.
Imithombo:
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