I-Enteroviruses yi-Awfully Common
I-enteroviruses yi-virus evamile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zokungena kwe-enterovirus ezivela ezifweni ezivame kakhulu - njengezinyawo zesandla kanye nezifo zomlomo kanye nezibandayo ezivamile - ezigciwane ezibulalayo nezingavamile - njenge-polio kanye ne-encephalitis. Olunye uhlobo, i-Enterovirus-D68 noma i-EV-D68, lathola ukunakekelwa okuningi njengoba lisakaze isifo sokuphefumula ekwindla ka-2014.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-EV-71 lungabangela izinkinga ze-neurologic ezifana ne-encephalitis, eye yabonakala ekuqhumeni kwe-China futhi ngenhlanhla ukuthi imishanguzo ibe yiphi (futhi ikhona) ithuthukiswe (kodwa ayitholakali e-US).
Amaqiniso abalulekile mayelana ne-Enterovirus D-68
Ngo-2014, njengoba izingane zibuyela esikoleni, igciwane lasakazeka ngokushesha e-US. Kwaqale kwaphawulwa eMissouri futhi kwasakazeka yonke iMidwest kwaze kwaya eNingizimu naseNyakatho NaseNingizimu naseningizimu. Yathinteka kakhulu labo abane-asthma.
- Abathintekayo kakhulu yizingane
- Izingane ezine-asthma zisengozini enkulu
- Geza izandla nge-sese namanzi (ungahambisani nama-sanitizers)
- Igciwane lingahlala isikhathi eside kuma-countertops, ama-doorknobs, amathoyizi uma ethintekile
- Iningi labantwana abagulayo abanalo umkhuhlane
- Ezinye izingane zinenkinga yokuphefumula futhi zidinga ukuya esibhedlela
- Akukho mgomo noma ukwelashwa okuqondile. Iningi liphuthuma ngokushesha
- I-enteroviruses yizifo ezivamile. I-D-68 ingumdlandla ongavamile.
- Ezinye izimo zihlobene nokubuthakathaka komzimba noma ukukhubazeka
- Ezinye izimo zibi kakhulu, kepha inani lokufa aliphakeme kunezinye izifo eziningi zokuphefumula.
Okuyisisekelo
I-enteroviruses yi-virus evamile. Zivamile ngisho nalapho singazwa ngeziqhumane. Kodwa, kungabangela ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kwezifo.
Izigidi ezingu-10-15 zitholwa yizinkinga ezihlukahlukene minyaka yonke e-US. Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile. Ayikho imithi e-US ye-enteroviruses, ngaphandle kwe-polio, engasebenzi ku-EV-D68. Kwamanye amazwe kunemigomo yokwelashwa okunye okuhlukile, ngaphandle kwe-polio.
Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-enterovirus kungabangela izimpawu - noma ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane noma ubanda - futhi akukaze kubonwe.
Kukhona ama-syndromes anamandla ahlotshaniswa nama-subtypes athile, njenge-EV-D68.
Ukuphefumula: I-Enterovirus D68 EV-D68
Izimpawu zingafana nomkhuhlane ovamile. I-EV-D68 ingahle ibe yilezi zifo ezithathelwanayo ezidinga ukwelashwa. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa nokuphefumula nokuphefumula. Abaningi abanakho umkhuhlane. Ngaphansi kwa-1 kwabangu-4 kunomkhuhlane.
Izingane ze-asthmatic zisengozini enkulu. Labo abaqala esibhedlela babesemncane (amaviki ayisithupha kuya eminyakeni engu-16) kanye ne-asthmatic (68%).
Noma ubani onenkinga yokuphefumula kufanele athole usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile. Ukunakekelwa kwe-oksijeni nokunakekelwa esibhedlela kungadingeka.
Ngo-Agasti 2014, i-Enterovirus-D68 yabonakala kubantwana eKansas City, eMissouri. Ngo-Okthoba, kwase kufinyelele emazweni angu-45. Kubikwe izingane ezingaphezu kuka-1000 ezigulayo; Amaphesenti angu-15 alabo ababebhedlela ayedinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi izingalo nemilenze yengane ingaba buthakathaka, ngisho nokukhubazeka, njengokwesifo sofuba. Lokhu "ukukhubazeka okumangalisayo kwe-flaccid" kuye kwahlotshaniswa ngokuqondile ne-Enterovirus D-68.
Lesi sifo selokhu singavamile emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa kube khona okulinganiselwe, kodwa isifo esibi siye saqaphela. Kube nemibiko yokukhubazeka. Naphezu kobunzima besifo, kwakunabantu abambalwa abafayo abaxhunyaniswe negciwane. Eqinisweni, i-EV-D68 itholakala ukuthi ibangela isifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ukufa kakhulu kunamanye amagciwane okuphefumula, njenge-rhinoviruses (futhi i-enterovirus).
Ezinye izinkinga
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-enterovirus, ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene ezihlukahluka emhlabeni jikelele.
Ama-polioviruses angama-enteroviruses. Ama-entryovirus asele angenayo i-Polio ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: i-Coxsackievirus A, i-Coxsackievirus B, i-Echovirus, ne-Enteroviruses ebalwa. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-62 ze-enteroviruses ezingenayo i-polio ezaziwa ukuthi zibangelwa izifo.
I-Rhinoviruses
Ama-Rhinoviruses abangela ukushisa okuvamile. Amacala amaningi anomoya omnene noma angaqapheli ngisho nokuqaphela. Ezinye izimo zingaba sína futhi zibangele ukugula okuphefumulayo kakhulu. Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile noma umuthi wokugoma. Isakazwa ngamaconsi - njengokuphefumula kulawa amaconsi noma ngokuthinta izinto ngezandla ezingcolile ngamaconsi.
Encephalitis
I-encephalitis ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, kubangele ukukhathala, i-comas, ukuhluleka, ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza noma ukusebenzisana.
EV71 yisifo esibi kakhulu e-Asia, esibangela ukuqubuka okukhulu lapho, kodwa hhayi e-US. Kungenzeka ukuthi kungabangela imiphumela ye-neurologic, njenge-brain-stem encephalitis eyenza ukubambezeleka kwe-neurodevelopment. I-genotype ethile C4 ikakhulukazi ihlotshaniswa nalezi ziqhumane.
Imithi emibili yenzelwe lolu hlobo futhi ibonakale ithembisa - kodwa i-EV71 kuphela.
Izifo Zezinyawo Nezindebe (HFMD)
Ama-blister athuthuka ezandleni, ngezinye izikhathi izinyawo, nomlomo ocacile noma ompunga futhi ozungezwe amasongo abomvu. Lezi zilimaza futhi zigcina ngesonto elilodwa.
I-Coxsackievirus A16 yinkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ze-HFMD e-US, ngaphandle kwe-Coxsackievirus A6 eyakhiwe ngo-2011-12. I-Coxsackievirus A6 ibangela izifo ezinzima, ngezinye izikhathi zidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
I-Herpangina
A ambalwa amancane "Mouth blisters" ithuthuka ngemuva komlomo, eduze amathoni, nge umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Bangase babe nesilonda. Ama-blisters aphulukisa ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10.
I-Coxsackie A4, 10, 5, 6, 2 no-3 ihlotshaniswa.
I-Myopericarditis
I-myopericarditis yi-inflammation ye-pericardium (isikhumba esizungezile inhliziyo) nesisindo senhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuphefumula, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu besifuba - ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu phansi. Iziguli zingahlakulela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangase babe nokushisa ngokweqile ezinyaweni nasemaphashini. Ezimweni ezingavamile, umonakalo wenhliziyo ungase usongele ukuphila.
Kungabangelwa yi-coxsackieviruses A4, B3, B2.
I-Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC) enamandla
Amehlo avela ngegazi izinsuku ezingu-5-7, ngaphambi kokuxazulula, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezinkinga zamehlo.
I-Coxsackievirus A24 ne-enterovirus 70 zihlotshaniswa ne-conjunctivitis ne-AHC.
I-Viral (aseptic) i-Meningitis
I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges (i-membrane ezungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla). Iziguli zinomkhuhlane, izinwele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudideka. Bangase balahlekelwe futhi baphelelwe umsebenzi.
Ama-Echoviruses 13, 18, no-30 ahlotshaniswa.
Ukukhubazeka
I-enterovirus 70 ayibange idala ukukhubazeka kwamapolisi.
Sepsis Neonatal
I-sepsis ene-neonatal kakhulu iyenzeka nge-coxsackievirus B1.
Pleurodynia
Umkhuhlane ozwakalayo ubuhlungu besifuba esifubeni ngezimbambo ezingezansi kusuka ekulimaleni kwemisipha.
Akuvamile futhi kuhlotshaniswa ne-Echovirus 1.
Imiphumela Yesikhathi eside
I-Enteroviruses ihlotshaniswa ne-Autoimmune Disorders. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinye izifo zingase zithuthuke emva kokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus.
Ukuthutha
Ama-enteroviruses angenayo i-polio angatholakala esitokisini, iso, impumulo, noma imilenze yomlomo. Lesi sifo singasakazeka ngokuthintana (ukuxhaphaza), izinto ezithintekayo ezithinteke abanye ("amafomites"), ezishintsha amathayi, ephuza amanzi angcolile. Iziguli zingakwazi ukusabalalisa ezinye izifo ngokusebenzisa isitokisi noma ukuvimbela ukuphefumula amasonto emva kokuba izimpawu zidlule. Umsebenzi noma ukondla ungadlulisela igciwane. Izimpawu zivame ukuba nezinsuku ezingu-3-6 emva kokuchayeka.
Ukuntuleka kwezingane zokungabonakali nokuzivikela kwangaphambili. Kukhona nje ukuvikela okungenangqondo phakathi kwe-enteroviruses ehlukene; Ngokuvamile abantu abadala baye baba nezinkinga eziningi.
Izifo
Ngoba ukutheleleka kungabangela izimpawu, geza izandla zakho - ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, uma usebenzisa izindlu zokugeza, uguqula izinwele, uvakashele noma ubani ogulayo.
Geza izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi. I-enteroviruses ayifuni igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi ngesandla. Gwema ukuxhaphaza izandla. Isikhumba sithukuthelela ngezingcuzu noma umkhono ongaphezulu. Izindawo ezihlanzekile. Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho.
Ayikho imithi e-US. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa nge-PCR. Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile.