Siyazi ukuthi ukubhema kubi kumuntu wonke, kodwa kubi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela . Kungaba yini ukuholela ekukhuleni isifo sikashukela? Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukubhema kubangelwa ukuphikisana kwe-insulin kokubili abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabangaboni. I-CDC ithi ababhemayo banamathuba angama-30-40% okuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kunabangaboni, futhi ugwayi ongabhema nawo uphakamisa ingozi yakho.
Ingozi ikwandisa uma ubhema kakhulu. Akukhona lokho kuphela kepha uma ubhema, cishe uthola ubunzima ekutholeni umthamo wakho we-insulin bese ulawula ushukela wegazi lakho.
Izingozi zokubhema wonke umuntu
Abantu ababhema ugwayi, noma ababhekene nanoma yiliphi inani lokubhema komusi, bathola ingozi ephezulu yesifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanye nomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kunabantu abaningi. Izinkinga eziphathelene nokubhema eziphathelene nokubhema zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nezifo ze-peripheral vascular (claudication).
Izingozi zokubhema zicaciswe kubantu abanesifo sikashukela
Ababhemayo abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu, kuhlanganise nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sezinso, izifo eziholela ekuthathweni kwamantombazane, i- retinopathy engabangela ubumpumputhe , kanye ne- peripheral neuropathy ebangela ukuphazamiseka.
I-Nurses 'Health Study, eye inikeze ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile ezindabeni zezempilo nezempilo zokuphila kwabesifazane, yabonisa ukuthi abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela ababhemayo banengozi yokufa uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela abangabhemi.
Ababhemayo abanesifo sikashukela banokulawulwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-glycemic (ushukela wegazi) kunabangaboni, ngisho nokuziqapha ngokuzenzekelayo. Ushukela ophezulu wegazi lunegalelo kwezinye izinkinga eziningi zezempilo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izinzuzo zezempilo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abayeka ukubhema baqala ngokushesha.
Lezi zinzuzo ziyaqhubeka zanda kanye nobude besikhathi umuntu ehlala engenazibhamu. Ngokuqondene nemiphumela yenhliziyo yokubhema, eminyakeni engu-10 ngemva kokuyeka, izingozi zangaphambili zokubhema zifana nezomuntu ongapheli.
Izixhumanisi Phakathi Kokubhema Nesifo Sikashukela
Ukubhema kubangela i-albinuria eyanda (amaprotheni egazi emcinini), okuholela ekungeneni kwe-nephropathy (ukulimala kwezinso) kanye nengozi enkulu yokuphela kwesiteleka sesifo se-renal esidinga i-dialysis, futhi ihlobene nokuncipha kokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ze-dialysis ezingenalo ubhema.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela ababhema bangaphezu kwalabo abangabhemi ukuthuthukisa i-retinopathy (umonakalo emehlweni) kanye neuropathy (umonakalo emithanjeni). I-neuropathy ingaholela engozini enkulu yokulimala, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni. Uma ukulimala kwezinyawo kwenzeka, ukuphulukiswa kwayo kungaba nzima ukugeleza kwegazi nokunciphisa okwenziwe okwegazi okwenzeka emaphethelweni okuphumela kokubili isifo sikashukela nokubhema. Lokhu kungabangela amanxeba angaphilisi, okungaholela ekutheleleni. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukutheleleka kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza komkhawulo noma ngisho nokuqokwa.
Izingozi Zokubhema Okungafaki Isifo Sikashukela
Ugwayi ongenalimi uhlanganisa ukubhema nokubhema ugwayi.
Nakuba izifundo zingabonisanga nengozi eqondile phakathi kwegwayi engasetshenzisiwe kanye nesifo senhliziyo kanye / noma isifo sikashukela, ugwayi ongabheki owaziwa kahle uyazi ukuthi unomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, kanye nezinye izilonda ezingavamile emlonyeni.
Abasebenzisi ababhema ugwayi banesifo sikashukela esiphezulu, futhi ugwayi ongabhemi umfutho uhlotshaniswa nokuphikiswa kwe-insulin kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nicotine egwayi engabhemi ingabangela ukwanda kwegazi, okwenza kube nengozi yokuhlobene nesifo sikashukela. Ugwayi ongasetshenzisiwe nawo ubangela ubungozi obukhulu bemilonda yomlomo kanye nokutholakala okubangelwa ukutheleleka.
Kulotshwe kahle ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukuhlushwa okuvulekile kubuye kwandise le ngozi.
Usizo lwabasodi abafuna ukuyeka
Esinye isifundo se-diabetes sabantu abanesifo sikashukela abatholakale ukuthi intuthuko yokuphelelwa ukubhema ukubhema ngocingo kanye nokulandelwa kwehhovisi kwaholela ekuqedeni ukubhema okungu-17%, okuphakeme kunezinga lokuyeka ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezingane.
Ukuhamba "i-turkey ebandayo," kwamanye amazwi, ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele ngosuku olukhethiwe, kuvame ukuphakanyiswa phezu kokunciphisa kancane kancane inani legwayi elibhemayo ngosuku. Abantu bavame ukuzwa izimpawu eziningi zokukhishwa kwe-nicotine ngokuchofoza kancane kancane, okwenza ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukubuyela emuva.
I-Patch Nezinye Izindlela Zokuyeka
Ukubhema kungumdwebo wokuziphatha okuningi njengoba kuwukudakwa kwezidakamizwa. Abantu ababhemayo bangathola ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-nicotine yokwelashwa esikhundleni - isibonelo, i-patch, i-gom, i-lozenges, i-spray ye-nasal noma i-inhaler-ingabavumela ukuba banqobe ukuziphatha okuhlobene nokubhema ngaphandle kwemiphumela yenyama yokukhipha i-nicotine. Lapho ukuziphatha kokubhema kulawulwa, abantu bangase bakwazi ukubekezelela imiphumela yokuhoxiswa ngaphandle kokubuyela kugwayi.
Ezinye izinketho ze-pharmacologic ezingasiza ababhemayo ukuyeka zihlanganisa iZyban (bupropion) ne-Chantix (varenicline). Ekuqaleni wayethengiswa njenge-anti-depressant, ekugcineni uZyban wathola ukusiza ababhemayo ezama ukuyeka. Iqukethe ifomula-ukukhishwa okulawulwayo futhi manje imakethe ngokukhethekile yokuyeka ukubhema.
I-Chantix ivimbela i-nicotine receptors ohlelweni lwezinzwa futhi isiqinisekiswe ukusiza abantu bayeke ukubhema. Kunconywa ukuthi iziguli zithathe i-Chantix isikhathi esingangamaviki ngaphambi kokuyeka ugwayi, ngomqondo wokuthi ngeke ziphuthelwe i-nicotine, njengoba zithole izamukeli ze-nicotine ohlelweni lwezinzwa zivinjelwe isikhathi esithile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezinye izidakamizwa ezibandakanya imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka nokulwa nokuthunjwa, kodwa kukhona idatha encane noma ayikho ukusekela ukusebenza kwabo ekusizeni ababhemayo ukuba bayeke. Okwamanje, imboni yezokwelapha isebenza ukuthuthukisa imithi emisha ukusiza labo abafisa ukuyeka ukubhema.
I-hypnosis kanye nokukhwabanisa kusetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuyeka ukubhema. Nakuba lezi zifundo zinganikeli ubufakazi ukuthi lezi zinqubo empeleni zibasiza abantu ukuba bayeke ukubhema nge-se, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi labo abazama lezi zindlela bangase batshale imali ekulahlekeni umkhuba wabo wokubhema. Ngakho-ke, lezi zindlela zingase zikhuthaze.
Izingozi zezempilo zokusebenzisa ugwayi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ziye zasungulwa ngokucacile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma cha, ukuyeka ukubhema kunguquko yokuphila eya empilweni engcono.
Imithombo:
UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Imiphumela Yempilo Yokubhema-Iminyaka Engu-50 Yenqubekelaphambili: Umbiko Wophrotheli Jikelele. I-Atlanta: UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, Amasevisi Okulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo, Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvimbela Izifo Ezingaphelele Nokukhuthazwa Kwezempilo, iHhovisi Lokubhema Nezempilo, ngo-2014.
UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Umbiko weDktri jikelele. Indlela Ugwayi Ugwayi Ubangelwa Ngayo Izifo: Okushiwo Ngayo. I-Atlanta: UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, Amasevisi Okulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo, Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvimbela Izifo Ezingaphelele Nokukhuthazwa Kwezempilo, iHhovisi Lokubhema Nezempilo, ngo-2010.
Östenson CG, Hilding A, Grill V, Efendic S. "Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwegwayi ongabheki (" snus ") okubikezelayo kwandisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela ngohlobo lwe-10 eminyakeni eyishumi efundwayo yamadoda aseSweden asephakathi." Scand J Impilo Yomphakathi. 2012 Dec; 40 (8): 730-7. i-doi: 10.1177 / 1403494812459814. I-Epub 2012 Oct 31.