I-PTSD Ingase Iholele Ezingxabeni, Ukuqwashisa
Izimpawu zokuqala ezihlobene nokucindezeleka kokucindezeleka emva kokucindezeleka (PTSD) kungase kubangelwe umcimbi ophazamisayo, kodwa imiphumela ingase ihlale izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Imiphumela ye-PTSD ebuthongweni ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, futhi ibangelwa ukulahla ukulala . Kuyini i-PTSD? I-PTSD ithinta kanjani ukulala? Funda ngalesi simo kanye nezinye izinketho zokwelashwa.
Kuyini i-PTSD?
Isifo sokucindezeleka okuthunyelwe ngemuva (I-PTSD) yisimo sengqondo esiqala ngemva komcimbi osengozini futhi sibonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe, okuhlangenwe nakho okungafuneki okwenzeka kulo mcimbi. Imizwa evamile eyenzekayo ekuphenduleni ukuhlukumezeka - kuhlanganise ukwesaba, ukungabi nasizo, nokwesaba - kungaphikelela futhi kuholele emiphumeleni engafuneki.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukumezeka okugqugquzelayo kwe-PTSD kungaba into okuthi cishe noma ubani ohlangabezana nakho uzobe ecindezeleka kakhulu. Kungase kube esongela ukuphila, njengokuhlasela okubudlova ngokulimala ngokomzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, noma ingozi enkulu yemoto. Kwezinye izimo, lo mcimbi ungase ube ngokuphazamiseka ngokuphila ngokushintsha ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengokufa okungazelelwe komuntu othandekayo. Iziqephu zingase zenzeke izenzakalo eziphindaphindiwe, ezifana nokuvezwa kokulimala empini yempi noma ubudlova basekhaya.
Ngenxa yalokho kutholakala, kuvamile ukuthi ube nokukhathazeka okwesikhashana, imicabango ephindaphindiwe mayelana nomcimbi, nokulala.
Lokhu kungase kuphele izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva komcimbi wokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi imizwa iqhubeka, noma kunjalo. Uma izimpawu zidala ukukhubazeka emisebenzini yansuku zonke, njengekhono lokuya emsebenzini futhi unakekele umndeni wakho, kanye nemizwa yezinkinga zangempela noma izinkumbulo (okuthiwa ukuhlukaniswa), kungase kuthiwe ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo okunamandla.
Izikhathi eziningi lezi zibonakaliso zizokwehlisa amasonto. Uma behlala, njengoba benza ku-10-30% wabantu emva komcimbi ohlukumezayo, ukukhubazeka okubangelwayo kanye nokucindezeleka kungatholakala ukuthi i-PTSD.
Izimpawu ze-PTSD zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu: ukuzwa kabusha, ukugwema, nokubandlulula. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphinde uhlangabezane nezimpawu : izikhumbuzo, izithombe, imicabango, imibono, amaphupho, izinkinga zokuzibulala, ukuxolisa, ukucabanga, ukucubungula, noma ukukhwabanisa.
- Izimpawu zokugwema: ukugwema izikhumbuzo ze-trauma, kufaka phakathi imicabango, imizwa, izingxoxo, imisebenzi, izindawo, abantu, amasosha, ukuhlukaniswa.
- Izimpawu ze-Hyperarousal : ukulele , ukuthukuthela, ukuthukuthela okuthukuthele, ubunzima bokugxila, ukuguquka kwemvelo, noma ukunyuka kwempendulo.
Uma lezi zimpawu zigcina ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-3, kubhekwa njenge-PTSD enzima. Uma behlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, babhekwa njenge-PTSD engapheli. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-PTSD ithinta abantu abangu-7-8% ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Kubonakala kabili kubafazi, ikakhulukazi ekubhekaneni nodlame lwasekhaya nokuhlaselwa ngokocansi. Ngokuvamile kuthinta labo abavelele ukulwa nezimo. Kungase kuhlangane nokucindezeleka.
Imiphumela ye-PTSD yokulala ifaka phakathi kwama-nightmares, Ukuqwashisa
Kukhona imiphumela ecacile ye-PTSD ekulele.
Okunye ukuhlola kusikisela ukuthi abantu abangu-70% abane-PTSD balele izikhalazo, ngokuvamile ukulala nokulala.
Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ebuthongweni kuvame ukuhambisana nezibonakaliso ezibalulekile ze-PTSD. I-hyperarousal eyenzeka ingabangela ukugodla ngokweqile ne-paranoia. Isibonelo, uma wesaba ukuhlaselwa ebuthongweni bakho, ungase ulale kancane futhi uqaphele yonke into ekhona endlini ebusuku. Lokhu ukukhathazeka kungaholela ekulaleleni okuqhubekayo. Kungase futhi kuhlotshaniswe nokukhubazeka okulele okulele .
I-PTSD ingabangela futhi ukuphazamiseka nokuzibulala. Lezi ziqephu zihlanganisa ukubhekana nesenzakalo esibuhlungu.
Zingaba zicacile, futhi zivame ukukhunjulwa lapho zivuswa. Kungase kuholele ekuhambeni noma ngisho nasezenzo ngesikhathi sokulala nokuguquka ekuvukeni. Lokhu kungaholela ekuziphatheni okubudlova noma okulimazayo. Kungase kube khona ukulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucubungula ngenkathi kuguqulwa noma kusuka ebuthongweni kungenzeka.
Abantu abaningi abane-PTSD basebenzisa utshwala ukuze babhekane nokucindezeleka kwabo. Ukusebenzisa utshwala kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala, okuvame ukubonakalisa njenge- apnea yokulala .
Uma ukulala kwabantu abane-PTSD kuhlolwa ebhodini lokulala, azikho izinto eziphawulekayo eziveziwe. Kungenzeka kube nokunyakaza okwenyuka, ukuphefumula okuphazamise ukulala, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe- REM yokulala , kodwa okutholakele akuhambisani nokufundwa okwengeziwe.
Ukwelashwa Kwezinkinga Zokulala ku-PTSD
Kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo ezitholakalayo zezimpawu ze-PTSD, kuhlanganise nemiphumela yayo yokulala. Lokhu kungafaka imithi kanye nokwelapha.
Njengengxenye yalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha ezinye izimo zengqondo. Lokhu kungafaka ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo, ukuphuza utshwala noma ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Imithi ephumelelayo yalezi zinkinga ingase ihlanganise i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (i-sertraline, i-paroxetine), i-tricyclic antidepressants, ne-monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Okuwusizo ngokukhethekile ukwelashwa kwama-nightmares ahlobene ne-PTSD yi- prazosin . Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi efana ne-olanzapine, i-risperidone, ne-quetiapine ingase isetshenziswe.
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemithi, i-psychotherapy ne-psychologist noma isazi sengqondo kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko noma ehambisanayo.
Izwi elivela
Uma uhlupheka ngezinkinga zokulala ezihlobene ne-PTSD, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha. Kusobala ukuthi akusona isimo ukuthi kufanele uhlupheke wedwa.
Imithombo:
"I-Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Disabilities Disorders (DSM-IV)." I-American Psychiatric Press , edition 4, ngo-1994.
Kryger, MH et al . "Izimiso Nemikhuba Yokulala Imithi." U-ExpertConsult , umagazini wesi-5, u-2011, iphe. 1481-1483.