Ukuphazamiseka Okuphefumulayo Kunemiphumela Eyimpilo Ebalulekile, Ukwelapha Okuphumelelayo
I-apnea yokulala yinto evamile ethinta izigidi zabantu baseMelika. Isifo sokuphefumula esingapheli lapho umuntu eyeka ukuphefumula ngokuphindaphindiwe ebusuku kungaba ngenxa yokuvinjelwa okuncane noma okuphelele (noma ukuwa) kwe- airway engenhla , okuthinta kakhulu isisekelo solimi kanye ne-palate elithambile.
Kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yesignali ecindezelekile esuka ebuchosheni ukuze kuqalwe umoya.
Lezi zenzakalo zigcina amasekhondi angu-10 noma ngaphezulu, futhi zingase zenzeke izikhathi eziningi ebusuku. Umuntu onokuphefumula ukulala angathola ukujula okukhulu, ukuyeka okufushane ukuphefumula, nokuphefumula okuphakathi. Phakathi nemicimbi ye-apnea, izinga le-oksijeni yegazi liyehla, izinga lentliziyo landa, futhi ukulala kuphazamiseka njengoba umuntu othintekayo evuka ukuze aqhubeke nokuphefumula. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo kwikhwalithi yomuntu yokulala, umsebenzi wesikhathi sasemini, kanye nempilo yonke.
Izinhlobo ezincane
I-apnea yokulala iyigama elivamile elihlanganisa noma yikuphi ukugula okubangela ukuyeka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala. Kungathinta umuntu kunoma yikuphi ubudala, kodwa ukusakazeka kwe-apnea yokulala kwanda ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezincane ezincane, kuhlanganise:
Ukuphefumula i-apnea akuyona yodwa inkinga engabangela ukuphefumula kanzima ngesikhathi sokulala. Kunezinye izinkinga ezimbalwa ezingabangeli isikhashana esiphefumulayo ekuphefumuleni kepha kungase kube nezinkinga, njengokuthi:
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amazinga e-oksijeni angase aphule ngesikhathi sokulala uma umsebenzi wamaphaphu uphathwe ngenxa yesifo se-pulmonary, futhi lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile.
Izimpawu
Ngaphandle kokumiswa kokuphefumula okuyinto ejwayelekile yesifo, kunezinye izimpawu eziningi ezivamile zokuphefumula kokuphefumula.
Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya:
- I-Loud, i-snoring engapheli
- Ukuchofoza noma ukuvuza ngesikhathi sokulala
- Wabona ukuyeka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala
- Ukuvuka njalo ukuvuthwa (i- nocturia )
- Amazinyo ukugaya noma ukuxuba ( bruxism )
- Umile womlomo noma umlomo ekuvukeni
- I-palpitations yasebusuku noma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo
- Izithukuthuku ebusuku
- Ukushisa kwenhliziyo ebusuku
- Ukuvuvukala njalo ebusuku nokulala
- Ukulala ngokweqile kwamalanga
- Inhloko yesisu
- Imemori yesikhashana noma izinkinga zokufunda
- Uzwa unomsindo
- Ukugxila okuncane noma ukunakwa
- Izinguquko zemizwelo, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka
Akuzona zonke lezi zimpawu okumelwe zibe khona ukuze isimo senzeke, futhi izingane ezine-apnea zokulala zingabonisa izikhalazo ezihlukahlukene njengezinkinga zokukhula, ukungazinaki kokugula nokugula okungenakuphumula.
Izimbangela
Kunezimbangela ezimbalwa ezivamile zokuphefumula kokuphefumula kokuvimbela ukulala nezimo ezingenza kube kubi nakakhulu, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuba ngokweqile noma okugqamile (kuhlanganise nosayizi omkhulu wentamo )
- I-anatomy engenayo engavamile yomoya (kuhlanganise ne- septum ephukile )
- Ukusebenzisa imithi, izidakamizwa, noma utshwala
- Ukuguga
- Ukulala ngemuva
- REM noma ukuphupha ukulala
- Ukubhema
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-central apnea yokulala ingase ivele ngenxa yesifo sokushaya isisu, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zobuhlungu be-narcotic noma i-opioid. I-apnea yokulala eyinkimbinkimbi iyenzeka ngezokwelapha ezithile.
Yeka Indlela Ejwayelekile
I-apnea yokulala ijwayelekile ngempela. Uma i-apnea yokulala ichazwa ngokuthi kunezigameko ezingaphezu kwezingu-5 ze-apneic ngehora eziholela esibonelweni (njengokulala ngokweqile emini), khona-ke amaphesenti amabili kuya kwangu-9 abantu angabhekwa ne-apnea yokulala. Uma kuchazwa ukuthi kunezigameko ezingaphezu kwezingu-5 ze-apneic ngehora ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezizimele, ukusaba ngu-9-24% kubantu abaningi. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkinga ze-cardiovascular of apnea yokulala zenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuba khona kwezimpawu zansuku zonke ezifana nokulala, kamuva kuthathwa njengokubaluleka kweqiniso.
Ukukhula kwanda kusukela eminyakeni engu-18 ukuya kwezingu-45 bese ufinyelela epulazini kusukela eminyakeni engama-55 kuya kwengu-65 ubudala.
Uma othile eyokwakha i-apnea yokulala, ngokuvamile uyokwenza ngaleyo minyaka. Cishe kabili evamile phakathi kwabantu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-apnea yokulala ngokuvamile kuxhomeke emlandweni oqapheleko nokuhlolwa komzimba ngumhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe, oqinisekisiwe webhodi. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kufezwa ngokusebenzisa isethi yokuhlola okujwayelekile, okungenzeka kuhlanganise:
- I-Polysomnography
- Ikhaya Lokuhlola I-Apnea Ukulala
- Ukuvivinya Kwama-Sleep Latency amaningi (MSLT)
- Ukulondolozwa kokuVuka kokuVuka (MWT)
- Overnight Oximetry
- I-Epworth Sleepiness Scale
- Ukungena ngemvume
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola i-apnea yokulala ekhaya noma i-polysomnogram yokuhlola ekhona lapho eyenziwa esikhungweni sokuhlola yiyo kuphela ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe i-apnea yokulala.
Ukwelapha
I-apnea yokulala ingaphathwa kahle ngezindlela eziningana. Ngokuvamile, iningi labantu lizovivinywa ekucindezelweni okuqhubekayo kwe-airway (CPAP) . Lokhu kudinga ukukhetha imaski ye-CPAP . Ukuphathwa okunjalo okubizwa ngokuthi i- bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa. Kungathatha isikhathi ukujwayela lezi zindlela zokwelapha, futhi kunezinye iziqondiso ezingasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga . Kukhona izindawo zokuhlala ezinjenge- chinstrap ezingavimbela ukuphefumula komlomo . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina i-CPAP yakho ihlanzekile . Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kuqaphe ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-CPAP .
Kulabo abangakwazi ukubekezelela i-CPAP, kunezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukile ku-CPAP . Lezi zingabandakanya imishini yomlomo , ukwelapha ngezimo, noma ukuhlinzwa . Kwezinye izimo, uma ubuthongo obuningi besonto luqhubeka naphezu kokwelashwa, izikhuthazo ezifana noRitalin , Provigil noNuvigil kungadingeka ukuba baphathe ukulala. Ngisho neminye indlela efana neyokudlala i-didgeridoo iye yaboniswa njengokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Abanye abantu bangase bathole izinzuzo ezivela ku-caffeine noma ngisho naps ezihleliwe. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanezinkinga zokulala bazuza ngokubheka imihlahlandlela engcono yokulala .
Imiphumela Uma Ukungakwesokunxele Kwangakhulumi
Kungaba nemiphumela emibi - ngisho nokubulala - ukuphefumula okungalashwa, njengokuthi:
- Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic noma isisu
- Isifo senhliziyo seCoronary
- Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
- Ukuphuza ukushisa kanye ne-reflux
- Isifo sikashukela
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile
- Izinkinga zokucindezeleka nezinkumbulo (ukuwohloka komqondo)
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukufa okungazelelwe
Kunemiphumela ehlukile yokuphunyuka kwe-apnea ebantwaneni , okungafaka phakathi ukungahloniphi , ukukhula okunciphise, nokuhlaselwa kokuhlakanipha.
Isiphetho
I-apnea yokulala yinkinga evamile ehilela ukuyeka ukuphefumula okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apnea yokulala, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zivame kakhulu kubantu abathintekayo. Izimpawu eziba nomphumela ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ubuthongo obukhulu ngokweqile, kodwa futhi kungaba nokubi kakhulu - ngisho nokubulala - imiphumela. Kunezimo eziningana ezingabangela i-apnea yokulala noma zenze kube kubi nakakhulu. Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuxhomeke emlandweni ocophelelayo nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngudokotela nesifundo sokulala njengokuhlolwa kwe-apnea yokulala ekhaya noma i-polysomnogram ephakathi. Ukwelashwa kungafezwa ngokusetshenziswa komfutho oqhubekayo womoya womoya (CPAP) noma ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezifana nemishini yomlomo noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa. Kungase kube nezindawo ezithile zokuhlala okumele zihlelwe ukuze kwandiswe ukulandelwa kwelashwa. Ngenhlanhla, i-apnea yokulala ingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo ngemiphumela emihle.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Sleep Medicine. "Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanye amazwe okuphazamiseka kokulala: ibhuku lokuhlola nokubhala." I-2nd ed. 2005.
I-Collop, N. "Umphumela we-obstructive sleep apnea ngezifo ezingelapheki zezokwelapha." I-Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine . 2007 74: 1.
Durmer, J et al. "Ukwelashwa Kwezingane Zamazinyo." I-American Academy ye-Neurology Continuum. 2007; 153-200.
Epstein, LJ et al. "Isiqondiso somtholampilo sokuhlolwa, ukuphathwa, nokunakekelwa isikhathi eside kwe-apnea yokuvimbela ubuthongo kubantu abadala." J Clin Sleep Med. 2009; 5: 263.
UJennum, uP et al. "I-Epidemiology ye-sleep apnea / hypopnoea syndrome nokuphefumula okuphazamisekile ukulala." I-Eur Respir J. 2009; 33: 907.