Isimo esibi kanye nokubala okuphezulu kwe-pollen kwenza isiphepho esiphezulu
E-Melbourne, e-Australia, ngoNovemba 21, 2016, kwakukhona ukuduma okukhulu kwezulu. Umoya, imvula enamandla, kanye nokuphakama okukhulu kwe-pollen kubeka abantu abangaphezu kuka-8 500 esibhedlela ngokuhlaselwa kabuhlungu kwe-asthma. Abantu abangu-9 bafa.
Abaningi balaba bantu abaye babhekana nokuhlaselwa okubulalayo babengenalo umlando we-asthma futhi babhekana nesifo somkhuhlane kuphela. Kwenzekani ngempela?
I-Asthma ichazwe
I-asthma ithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingu-300 emhlabeni jikelele. Inamba yabantu abane-asthma iyanda, umkhuba oye waxhunyaniswa nokuhlala kwamadolobha amakhulu. Ukunyuka komhlaba wonke kwenani labantu abane-asthma kanye nezindleko eziphakeme ezihlobene nalesi sifo kuye kwaholela ocwaningweni olwengeziwe ukuhlola izindlela zalo kanye nokwelapha.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, cishe eyodwa kwabangu-12 baseMelika (abantu abayizigidi ezingu-25) bane-asthma. Ngo-2008, cishe amaphesenti angu-50 abantu baseMelika abane-asthma bahlaselwe isifo sokuphefumula ngesifo se-asthma-eziningi zazo zazingavinjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2007, isifo se-asthma sagcina sithengisa abantu baseMelika ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-56 ezinkampanini zezokwelapha
Abantu abanesifo se-asthma bavame ukuveza izimpawu ngesikhathi besencane. Abafana abaphindwe kabili abaphethwe yi-asthma. Nokho, uma umuntu esemdala, i-asthma ivame kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane.
Izimpawu zesifo se-asthma zihlanganisa ukushaya, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela nokuqina kwesifuba.
I-asthma yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esikhishwe ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- ukuvinjelwa kwe-airflow okuphakathi
- uhlobo olukhethekile lokuvuvukala kwemimoya yomoya
- i-bronchospasm, noma i-spasm ye-muscle ebushelelezi ezindongeni zamagatsha amancane omgwaqo, okuholela ekunciphiseni okwesikhashana.
Isici esiyinhloko engozini ekuthuthukiseni isifo se-asthma siphezulu .
I-Atopy ijwayele ukuhlakulela izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibandakanya i-asthma kuphela kodwa futhi i-rhinitis ye-allergen ne-atopic dermatitis. Inothi, i-rhinitis ye-allergen nayo iyaziwa ngokuthi i- hay fever ne-atopic dermatitis yi- eczema . Abantu abanesipiliyoni se-atopy baphakamise izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba ezithinta izifo ezivamile ezitholakala emvelweni, njenge-pollen, isikhunta, nokudla okunye.
Izimbangela ezithile zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-air and ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba se-asthma. Lezi zimbangela zifaka okulandelayo:
- izifo (isib. impova)
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane (isib. i-rhinovirus)
- ukuzivocavoca
- umoya obandayo
- ukuhleka
- izinguquko sezulu
- imithi (isb, i-β-blockers)
- ukutholakala komsebenzi
- I-GERD
- ukudla
Udokotela angakwazi ukuhlola i-asthma esekelwe emlandweni wezokwelapha, iziphumo zokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye ne-spirometry. I-Spirometry iyivivinyo lokuxilongwa okwenziwa ehhovisi, elinganisa inani lomoya owenza ngalo, inani lomoya owenza ngalo, kanye nesikhathi esithathayo ukuba uphume.
I-asthma ivame ukuphathwa ngudokotela oyinhloko yokunakekela. Ukwelashwa kwe-asthma kufanelana nezidingo zomuntu futhi kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi izimbangela, isethulo, umlando, kanye nempendulo yokwelapha.
Nazi izinhloso zokwelashwa kwesimo se-asthma:
- ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma
- ukulawula izimpawu
- ukuqeda ukuhambela ekamelweni lokuphuthumayo
- gcina imisebenzi evamile yokuphila kwansuku zonke
- ukunciphisa ukuqhuma kwesikhathi sesikhathi sebusuku (i-asthma yesimanje)
- silondoloze amazinga wokuvivinya umzimba
- gcina umsebenzi omuhle wamaphaphu
- ukuncipha imiphumela emibi yemithi
Iningi labantu abane-asthma bathatha imithi nge-inhaler. I-corticosteroids engenalutho ikhethwa ukulawula isikhathi eside yesikhuhlane se-asthma. Ukusetshenziswa okuqaphileyo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-β2-agonists esebenze isikhathi eside kungabasiza. Ama-β2-agonists abanjwe isikhathi esifushane afana ne- albuterol angasetshenziswa ekusizeni okusheshayo.
Ngemuva kokuhlola, i-corticosteroids yomlomo, ukwelashwa kwe-albuterol nebulizer, nokunye kungasetshenziswa ukuphatha ukuhlasela kwe-asthma.
Okushiwo ukwelashwa kuxhomeke ekubambeni. Ukuhlasela okusongela impilo kubangelwa esibhedlela kwi-ICU.
Izivunguvungu njenge-Asthma Trigger
Nakuba i-Melbourne i-asthma epidemic ngoNovemba 2016 yiyona embi kakhulu emlandweni, ukuduma kwemvula kuye kwabangela izingculazi ezifanayo emadolobheni amaningana emhlabeni jikelele kuhlanganise naseNaples naseLondon. Inothi, ngoba i-Australia yonke eNingizimu Yezwe Nase-Australia, indawo yentwasahlobo iphakathi kukaSepthemba noNovemba.
Ngezikhathi lapho kune-pollen eningi emoyeni, njengentwasahlobo, imidwebo yeziduma zemvula ingathatha le mpova phansi. E-United States, okushiwo inkathi yokungezwani komzimba kuyahlukahluka esifundeni, kodwa kungaqala ngoFebhuwari bese uqhubeka kuze kube sehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa elibusika elimnandi lingenza ukuba izitshalo zivuthwe ngokushesha, futhi imvula yasentshonalanga kaningi ingabangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwezitshalo nokwanda kwesikhunta.
Ngokuvamile, impova ayihlaseli umoya ophansi wamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke phakathi nezimo ezimanzi zokuduma kwezulu, impova iphakamisa amanzi futhi ihlukane nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-osmosis. Lezi zinhlanzi zempova ziba yi-aerosolized futhi zihlasela amazinga aphansi emaphaphu. Kubantu abahlukumeza impova, lokhu kuvezwa kungabangela ukuhlasela kwe-asthma futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufe.
Imizuzu yokuqala engu-20 noma engu-30 yomsindo wezentwasahlobo yiyona eyingozi kakhulu kulabo abane-pollen yokungezwani komzimba futhi kungaholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma ngisho nalabo abangakaze babe ne-hay kanye ne-hay fever. Ngaphandle kwemvula nemimoya yokuduma kwezulu, ezinye izinto ezifana nombane (izindleko zamagesi emoyeni) kanye nokubandayo kungabamba iqhaza ekukhusweni kwe-asthma ehlobene nokuduma kwezulu. Ngokuqondile, amacala kagesi angaphakamisa ukuqubuka kwezinhlayiya ze-pollen.
Ochwepheshe abathile bakhathazekile ngokuthi ukuduma kwemvula kungase kube yinkinga yomphakathi yomphakathi kulabo abanesifo somkhuhlane futhi kungenzeka noma bangenayo i-asthma. Ukugxila kweminye impova kuyanda, futhi ushintsho sezulu lwenza izivunguvungu nezinye izenzakalo zemvula zivame kakhulu.
Ngemva kokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuxwayisa zakudala ukuze baxwayise labo abanezifo ezihamba phambili mayelana nokuphefumula kwesifo se-asthma esihlobene nesiphepho. Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yase-Georgia njengamanje bahlola lolu khetho.
Ku-athikili okuthiwa "Ukuhlasela Kwama-Asthma Okuhlobene Nokuduma Kwezulu," u-D'Amato nabalobi ababambisene nabo babhala:
Umlayezo wokuthatha ekhaya uwukuthi iziguli ezithinteka yi-pollen ukungezwani komzimba kufanele ziqaphele ingozi yokuba ngaphandle ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu ngesikhathi sempova. Izixwayiso kufanele zinikezwe ngenkathi yempova ezigulini ezizwelayo.
Ngokuqondile, kungase kube umqondo omuhle kulabo abanezifo zokuvuthwa kwe-pollen ukuhlala endlini futhi ugcine amafasitela avaliwe ngesikhathi sokuduma kwemvula okwenzeka ngesikhathi sempova.
> Imithombo:
> Isifo somoya. I-Notebook Yomndeni. http://www.fpnotebook.com
> Ukukhuphuka kwesifuba. I-Notebook Yomndeni. http://www.fpnotebook.com.
> Barnes PJ. I-asthma. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Izimiso zikaHarrison ze-Internal Medicine, 19e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> D'Amato, G, et al. Ukuhlaselwa Kwama-Asthma Okuhlobene Nomlilo. I-Journal ye -ergy and Immunology Clinic. 2017.
> Usmani OS, i-Barnes PJ. I-Asthma: Iphrezentheshini Nokuphathwa Kwemitholampilo. Ku: Grippi MA, Elias JA, Fishman JA, Kotloff RM, Pack AI, RM Senior, Siegel MD. ama-eds. Izifo Nezifo Eziphazamisayo Ze-Fishman's, Edition ka-5 eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.