Izizathu ze-Spirometry, Ukuxilongwa, kanye Nendima Emdlalweni We-Lung Cancer
Luhlobo luni lokuhlolwa i-spirometry futhi kungani kubalulekile ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wepaymineli? Iyiphi indima edlala ngayo ekuxilongweni nasekulawuleni izimo ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ne-COPD?
Incazelo: i-Spirometry
I-Spirometry yindlela yokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphalingi eyenza ukuthi inani lomoya lithathwe kanjani (ivolumu) futhi likhishwe njengesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, ikutshela ukuthi umoya uhamba kangakanani emaphashini akho, nokuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani.
Uma ngabe ukugeleza kokuphakama kwenziwe ehhovisi, lokhu kuhlolwa kufana kodwa kunembile kakhulu.
Kungabonakala kunzima ukuqonda izinombolo kanye nencazelo yezivivinyo zakho, kodwa uthathe isikhashana ufunde nge-spirometry yakho. Uma usuqonda izinombolo oyobe usesimweni esihle kunazo zonke ukuphatha noma yisiphi isimo sephaphu ongase ube nayo.
Ake sixoxe ngokuthi kungani lokhu kuhlolwa kungenye, yiziphi izimo ezingahlukanisa ngazo, bese ungena kuziphi izindinganiso ezingavamile.
Izizathu Zokwenza I-Spirometry
I-Spirometry idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni izimo eziningi zamaphaphu. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izimo ezingase zivele ezifanayo ngokusekelwe izimpawu zodwa. Kuyasiza kakhulu njengendlela yokulinganisa indlela isifo samaphaphu esiqhubeka ngayo nokuthi siphendula kanjani ukwelashwa. I-Spirometry ingalawulwa ukuthi:
- Ihlola izifo zamaphaphu.
- Ukulinganisa uphendule ukwelashwa - Ukuze ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa okunjengomuthi kusiza yini isifo se-lungs ukuthuthukisa, noma okungenani kuqiniswe leso sifo.
- Thola ukuqhubeka kwezifo zamaphaphu - Ukuze ubone ukuthi ziyaqhubeka yini.
- Thola ukuqina kwesifo samaphaphu.
- Ukunquma umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngaphambi kokuhlinzeka ngamaphaphu - I-Spirometry iyilingo olubalulekile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Inikeza odokotela abahlinzayo umbono wokuthi umuntu onesifo sengculazi angakwazi kanjani ukubekezelela ukuhlinzwa ngendlela yokuphefumula, nokuthi umuntu angasabela kanjani ukuba asuswe ingxenye noma wonke amaphaphu.
- Nakuba ingasetshenziselwa njalo lokhu, isifundo se-2017 sathola ukuthi i-spirometry yayiyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokubikezela ukuba khona komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abavezwe ku- asbestos . Kwanele kangangokuthi abacwaningi baye batusa ukuthi i-spirometry kufanele inikezwe kubo bonke abasebenzi abaye bahlushwa i-asbestos futhi baphinda njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
I-Spirometry kubantu abane-Cancer Lung
I-spirometry ingenziwa kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuhlola nokugcina impendulo yokwelapha izimpawu zokuphefumula. Kungenziwa futhi ukuthi kunqunywe ukuthi ukuhlinzeka ngamaphaphu kunconywa-ngamanye amagama, ukubona ukuthi kukhona umsebenzi okwanele wamaphaphu ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Isivivinyo se-Spirometry senziwe kanjani?
I-spirometry ivame ukuqhutshwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Phakathi ne-spirometry, uzohlala esihlalweni futhi ucele ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile okwesikhashana. Khona-ke uzonikezwa umlomo ukuze ubeke umlomo wakho phezu kokuxhunywe kumshini obizwa nge-spirometer. (Isiqeshana singase sibekwe phezu kwekhasi lakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umoya wakho wonke ungena bese ushiya emlonyeni wakho.) Khona-ke uzocelwa ukuba uthathe umoya ojulile futhi uphumele ngamandla ngangokunokwenzeka. Udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wokuphefumula angase uphinde uphinde uhlole izikhathi eziningana ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola ukufundwa okunembile.
Uma iphethini yakho ibonisa ukuphazamiseka bheka ngezansi) udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise i-bronchodilator (njenge-inhaler) futhi uqhathanise imiphumela yakho kokubili ngaphandle kwe-bronchodilator. Konke, ukuhlolwa kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-15, noma ngaphezulu noma isikhathi sokuphindaphinda.
Yini Ukulinganisa Ukuhlolwa? Wena
I-Spirometry inikeza ochwepheshe bezempilo izinombolo ezimbili ezibalulekile ezingabonisa izinkinga ngomsebenzi wamaphaphu. Lezi izi:
- Ikhono eliyigugu lokubamba iqhaza (FVC) - I-FVC iyinani lokuthi umoya ungaphila kanjani emaphashini akho ngokuphefumula okuphelele.
- Umqulu Wokuphefumula Okuphoqelelwe (FEV1) - I-FEV1 iyinani lemvelo ongayifaka emaphashini akho ngomzuzwana owodwa.
Isibalo se-FEV1 kuya ku-FVC sizobalwa futhi.
Phuma Iphethini
Imiphumela ye-spirometry ingaba evamile noma engavamile. Uma zingavamile zivela kwelinye lamaphetheni amabili:
- Iphethini lokuvimbela - Uma umoya ohamba phambili uphazamisekile (ukuvinjelwa), inani lemimoya ongakwazi ukuyishaya ngokushesha ngomzuzwana owodwa (FEV1) lingaphansi kwalokho okungalindeleka ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala, ukuphakama nesisindo sakho. Njengoba i-FEV1 yakho, kulokhu, ingaphansi kwalokho okungalindelwe, isilinganiso se-FEV1 / FVC singaphansi kwesilinganiso.
- Iphethini elivimbelayo - Ukuvimbela kungabandakanya ukulimala emaphashini noma ukukhubazeka okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamapayipi ukusebenza, kunokuvimbela umoya ohamba phambili. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-FVC iyancipha kodwa isilinganiso se-FEV1 / FVC sivamile (zombili ziyancipha ngokulinganayo.)
Izinombolo ku-Spirometry
Uma i-spirometry isuqedile, izinombolo zitholakala ngezilinganiso ezingenhla. Lezi zinamba zingalinganiswa kokubili ngaphandle kwemithi futhi emva kokusebenzisa i-bronchodilator.
- Iphethini lokuvimbela - i-FEV1 engaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-80 okubikezelwe, futhi u-FEV1 / FVC ulingana no-0.7 noma ngaphansi.
- Iphethini yokuvimbela
Izimo Ezixilongwa Nge-Spirometry
I-Spirometry iyisivivinyo esiwusizo kepha isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinye iziphumo emlandweni, emzimbeni nasezicwaningweni zokuhlola ukuze zihlolwe. Ngamanye amazwi, imiphumela ayivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela. I-Spirometry ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuxilonga:
- Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) kuhlanganise ne-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheli, ne-bronchiectasis.
- I-Emphysema (uhlobo lwe-COPD)
- I-Bronchiectasis (uhlobo lwe-CP {D)
- I-Bronchitis engapheli (uhlobo lwe-COPD)
- I-asthma
- I-pulmonary fibrosis, kuhlanganise ne- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- I-cystic fibrosis
Amaphethini nama-Lung Disease
Iphethini ebonwe nge-spirometry ingasetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwesifo se-lung, isibonelo:
- Iphethini lokuvimbela - Iphethini elivimbelayo lizobonakala ezimweni zamaphaphu ezithinta izindiza ezinjenge-COPD ne-asthma.
- Ithempelini yokuvimbela - Iphethini elivimbelayo lizobonakala ezimweni lapho kunomonakalo oqondile wamaphaphu kanye nokwehluleka okufana ne-pulmonary fibrosis.
- Iphethini lokuhlanganiswa - Uma abantu banezifo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zamaphaphu-njenge-cystic fibrosis ne-asthma-iphethini yenhlanganisela ingabonakala kwi-spirometry.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi kwezifo ezithintekayo nezivimbelayo zamaphaphu.
Ukuvimbela Izifo Zengculaza - Izibonelo zifaka:
- I-asthma
- I-COPD (i-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheli, ne-bronchiectasis)
Ukuvimbela Izifo Zengculaza - Izibonelo zifaka:
- I-pulmonary fibrosis
- I-Post-surgical (emva kwe-lumpectomy noma i-pneumonectomy)
- Ukukhuluphala
- I-Scoliosis
Yiziphi Ezinye Izivivinyo Okungadingeka?
Ngezinye izikhathi i-spirometry yedwa ayinakukwazi ukubona ukuthi unesifo sokuvimbela noma sokuvimbela isifo samaphaphu noma ezinye kokubili. Isibonelo, inhlanganisela ngenhla umuntu angaba nesifo se-lungs (obhubhise isifo sokuphefumula) esivimbelayo kanye nesifo esithintekayo sesifo samaphaphu (njenge-pulmonary fibrosis)
Isivivinyo esivame ukusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusiza ukucacisa lokhu yi-lung plethysmography.
Ukuhumusha imiphumela yakho ye-Spirometry
Kungase kubonakale kunzima uma ubheka ukufundwa kwakho, kodwa ngokuphulelela zibe yizinyathelo ezimbalwa njengoba odokotela benza, uzokwazi ukufunda nokuqonda okuvamile nokuthi yini imiphumela yakho echaza kuwe.
Njengesiyathelo sokuqala, bheka nje izinombolo ze-FVC yakho ne-FEV1 bese uziqhathanisa nemiphumela eyabikezelwe ngokusekelwe ekubaleni usebenzisa ukuphakama nesisindo sakho. Uma izinombolo zingamaphesenti angama-80 noma ngaphezulu okubikezelwe, umphumela uvame ukujwayelekile (inothi - njalo kukhona okunye okuhlukile ngakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Uma i-FVC yakho noma i-FEV1 engavamile (amaphesenti angaphansi kuka-80 okubikezelwe), izinyathelo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuze ziqonde imiphumela.
Uma i-FVC yakho noma i-FEV1 engavamile, bheka imiphumela yesilinganiso sakho se-FEV1 kuya ku-FVC. Lokhu kunganyatheliswa njengengxenyana ye-FEV1 ngaphezu kwe-FVC. Uma le namba ingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 kungenzeka ukuthi unesifo sokuvimbela amaphaphu. Uma le nombolo ingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-70, ungase ube nesifo se-lungs esivimbelayo.
Kuphinde kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kukhona okungafani, kanti nezinye izivivinyo zingadingeka. Kodwa ukubheka izinombolo zakho kuze kube manje kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi kwenzekani uma udokotela exoxa ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo okufanele zithathe.
Ukucindezeleka Kwezifo Ngokusekelwe Imiphumela ye-Spirometry
Ngaphezu kokuhlukanisa izivimbelo zokuvimbela izifo ezithintekayo zokuvimbela izifo, i-spirometry inganikeza inkomba yokuthi isifo sibi kangakanani. Nge-COPD la mazinga ubheke ukuthi yiziphi izinombolo emva kokuba othile esebenzise i-bronchodilator. Ngamanye amazwi, babhekisela ukuthi kungakanani ukuvinjelwa okungenakuguqulwa (ngakho-ke, cishe kunomphela.)
- I-FEV1 engaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-80 ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
- I-FEV1 yamaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-79 ibonisa ukuvinjelwa okuncane
- I-FEV1 yamaphesenti angama-40 kuya kwangu-59 ngemva kokuba i-bronchodi ilinganiselwe.
- I-FEV1 engaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-40 ephawulekayo Isimo esinzima.
Ukulinganisa kungabhekwa kokubili futhi ngaphandle kwe-bronchodilator
Uma une-COPD, lesi silinganiso sizosetshenziselwa kanye nolunye ulwazi ukucacisa isigaba se-"GOLD" sesigaba sokufaka isifo sakho.
Izingozi zeNqubo
I-Spirometry yinkambiso ephephile kakhulu, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nezihloko ezincane eziphefumulayo ezithathwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Akunconywa ukuthi abantu banokuhlolwa uma benesifo senhliziyo esisha noma uhlangothi oluthile, noma ngezimo ezifana nephasi eliphukile (i-pneumothorax.)
Ngezansi ku-Spirometry
I-Spirometry iyivivinyo eliwusizo kakhulu futhi elivamile elisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo zamaphaphu nokuthola ubunzima-ukuthi ngabe isifo siyasabela ekwelapheni noma kuqhubeka yini. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izivivinyo zomsebenzi weplummoni zizosetshenziswa kanye ne-spirometry ukuqhubeka nokuqonda isifo. Uma uye waba ne-spirometry, thatha isikhashana ukuba udokotela wakho achaze izinombolo zakho, kanye nanoma yikuphi ushintsho ezinombolweni zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuba ummeli wakho kanye nokufunda ngesimo sakho kukubeka esimweni esihle kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu futhi wenza konke okudingeka ukwenze ukuze ube nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokuphila nesimo sakho.
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wepayipi
> Imithombo:
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> Gentry, S., noB. Gentry. Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo: Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa. I-American Family Physician . 2017. 95 (7): 433-441.
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.